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1

Ocena ryzyka ergonomicznego z zastosowaniem komputerowego modelowania i symulacji - studium przypadku

Lasota Andrzej Marek

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2023

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Vol. 26, nr 2

22--26

EN

In manufacturing environments, health and safety in the workplace is very important for all employees to work efficiently and productively. Ergonomic risk factors can have a negative impact on workers when performing their tasks at work. And generate costs for enterprises due to sickness absence, reduced quality. Therefore, ergonomic assessments of workstations should be widely used. The paper presents an ergonomic risk assessment using computer modeling and simulation based on a palletizing station as a case study. The palletizing station was modeled in a virtual environment using DHM Process Simulate Human. The DHM was used to perform an ergonomic assessment of the worker’s posture using the RULA method. The Picking activity was qualified to action category 3, while Placing on a pallet - to the fourth action category. The Ishikawa diagram was used to diagnose the causes of ergonomic risk to musculoskeletal disorders, which allowed for the formulation of recommendations. Recommendations relating to changes in the layout of the workplace were applied in DHM. The ergonomic assessment of the operator working postures after the ergonomic intervention showed an ergonomic risk reduction. The Picking and Placing on the pallet activities were classified to action category 2.

2

External Risk Factors Evaluation in Horizontal Directional Drilling Technology Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

Krechowicz Maria, Gierulski Wacław, Loneragan Stephen, Kruse Henk

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2022

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Vol. 13, No. 1

76--88

EN

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a very complex technology. Although the installation of pipelines by means of this technology is often successful, examples of unsuccessful projects are also known. Due to the complexity of the technology, with the interaction of multiple processes, risks related to uncertainties in these processes play important role. These risks are related to the variability of underground strata, changing natural environment, changes in economic environment, as well as limitations of the equipment, technical disruptions and human factors. This paper describes the risk evaluation results of the FMEA and a Pareto– Lorenz analysis for 14 external risk factors (8 natural or environmental risk factors as well as 6 economic risk factors) in HDD technology. In the proposed approach not only the probability of the external risk factor occurrence was considered, but also its consequences and the ability to detect faults, which were not plainly separated and taken into account in the literature so far. Such an approach has shown the relationship between occurrence, severity and detection for the analysed external failures. Moreover, 40 detection possibilities for the external risks in HDD technology were identified. The calculated risk priority numbers enabled ranking HDD external failures and identified the most critical risks for which the suggested detection options were unsatisfactory and insufficient, and therefore other types of risk response actions need to be explored.

3

Human and Equipment Risk Factors Evaluation in Horizontal Directional Drilling Technology Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

Krechowicz Maria, Gierulski Wacław, Loneragan Stephen, Kruse Henk

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2021

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Vol. 12, No. 2

45--56

EN

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology is a highly complex process connected with high risk and uncertainty due the high variability underground strata, often limited access to specialised equipment, dynamic natural environment, technical disruptions, human factor and changes in economic environment that further complicate the gathering of reliable information and data. This work presents a new risk evaluation model tailored for HDD technology, in which failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) modelling were applied. This paper focuses on 15 human risk factors and 9 equipment risk factors in HDD technology. The proposed approach takes into account not only the probability of the risk factor occurrence, but also its severity and the possibility of detecting faults, which were not clearly separated and analyzed in the previous works. Application of the proposed model shows the relationship between occurrence, severity and detection for the analyzed failures. Moreover, many detection possibilities for the identified failures were presented. The calculated risk priority numbers allowed to rank HDD failures and identify the most critical risks for which one should look for risk treatment possibilities beyond risk cause reduction, such as risk effect reduction, risk transfer, risk elimination or active risk retention.

4

Elaboration of stochastic models to comprehensive evaluation of occupational risks in complex dynamic systems

Bochkovskyi A. P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 104, nr 1

31--41

EN

Purpose: Elaborate stochastic models to comprehensive evaluation of occupational risks in “man - machine - environment” systems taking into account the random and dynamic nature of the impact on the employee of negative factors over time. Design/methodology/approach: Within study, the methods of probability theory and the theory of Markov processes - to find the limit distribution of the random process of dynamic impact on the employee of negative factors over time and obtain main rates against which the level of occupational risks within the "man - machine - environment" systems can be comprehensively evaluated; Erlang phases method, Laplace transform, difference equations theory, method of mathematical induction - to elaborate a method of analytical solution of the appropriate limit task for a system of differential equations in partial derivatives and appropriate limit conditions were used. Findings: A system of differential equations in partial derivatives and relevant limit conditions is derived, which allowed to identify the following main rates for comprehensive evaluation of occupational risks in systems "man - machine - environment": probability of excess the limit of the employee's accumulation of negative impact of the harmful production factor; probability of the employee’s injury of varying severity in a random time. An method to the solution the limit task for a system of differential equations, which allows to provide a lower bounds of the probability of a certain occupational danger occurrence was elaborated. Research limitations/implications: The elaborated approach to injury risk evaluation is designed to predict cases of non-severe injuries. At the same time, this approach allows to consider more severe cases too, but in this case the task will be more difficult. Practical implications: The use of the elaborated models allows to apply a systematic approach to the evaluation of occupational risks in enterprises and to increase the objectivity of the evaluation results by taking into account the real characteristics of the impact of negative factors on the employee over time. Originality/value: For the first time, a special subclass of Markov processes - Markov drift processes was proposed and substantiated for use to comprehensive evaluation of occupational risks in “man - machine - environment” systems.

5

Elaboration of occupational risks evaluation models considering the dynamics of impact of harmful factors

Bochkovskyi A. P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 102, nr 2

76--85

EN

Purpose: Elaborate and substantiate stochastic models of occupational risk evaluation for application in the occupation health and safety. Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of scientific and technical literature and regulatory framework for risk evaluation in the occupation health and safety; methods of probability theory, theory of Markov processes; methods of restoration theory. Findings: A system of differential equations and limit conditions for finding the limit distribution of probabilities of a random process of occupational dangers is derived. Based on the results of solving the limit value task, expressions to determine a number of key indicators by which the level of occupational risk can be evaluated are obtained. Research limitations/implications: The proposed approach aims to evaluation the risk associated with the impact on the employee of harmful factors, but can also be used to evaluate the injury risk. But in this case the received limit value task will be much more difficult. Practical implications: The application of the proposed approach allows to increase the level of occupational safety by taking into account the stochastic characteristics of the negative factors impact on the employee during occupational risks evaluating, as well as the possibility of setting such values of controllable parameters that will allow with a certain probability to ensure not to exceed the level of impact accumulation in the employee of the consequences of these factors. Originality/value: Stochastic models of occupational risk evaluation based on the application of Markov drift processes for the modeling the hybrid nature of the negative factors impact on the employee, which occurs within the real systems "man - technical system - production environment" were elaborated and substantiated for the first time.

6

Risk minimization methods for loading dangerous goods into tanker trains

Kuźnar Małgorzata, Lorenc Augustyn

Technical Transactions

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2019

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Vol. 116, iss. 12

163--172

EN

The paper focuses attention on the problem of increased risks during the loading and unloading of railway tankers. To evaluate the risk which may occur during loading dangerous goods into tanker trains, the loading processes have been divided into seven stages. Based on HIRA risk analysis, for each stage of improvements, Quick Kaizen tasks were proposed. Special attention was paid to possible improvements in technical means, tools and processes. Thanks to the proposed improvements, it is possible to increase safety, not only during the loading of dangerous goods, but also in cases of loading and transportation of standard cargoes.

PL

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na problem zwiększonego poziomu ryzyka powstającego podczas załadunku i rozładunku cystern kolejowych. W celu jego oceny dokonano podziału procesu załadunku na siedem etapów oraz uwzględniono dodatkowo prace konserwacyjne i sytuacje nietypowe, które mogą wystąpić podczas załadunku materiałów niebezpiecznych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej oceny ryzyka w każdym z poszczególnych etapów utworzono zbiór zaleceń pozwalających na zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa pracowników. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na możliwe usprawnienia wykorzystywanych środków technicznych, narzędzi oraz sposobu postępowania. Dzięki przedstawionym w artykule zaleceniom możliwe jest zwiększenie poziomu bezpieczeństwa nie tylko podczas załadunku materiałów niebezpiecznych, ale także w przypadku przewozu ładunków standardowych.

7

Integrated functional safety and cybersecurity. Analysis method for smart manufacturing systems

Kosmowski Kazimierz T., Śliwiński Marcin, Piesik Jan

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2019

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Vol. 23, No 2

177--207

EN

This article addresses integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis with regard to: the generic functional safety standard IEC 61508 and the cyber security standard IEC 62443 concerning an industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) systems, and reduce relevant risks taking into account a set of fundamental requirements (FRs). A method is proposed for determining and verifying the performance level (PL) or the safety integrity level (SIL) of defined safety functions, and then validating these levels depending on the security level (SL) of a particular domain,e.g.a safety related control system (SRCS). The method is general in the sense that it is based on risk graphs prepared for individual risk and/or societal/group risk with regard to the criteria defined.

8

Decision support methods in cybersecurity education

Komorowski Tomasz M., Klasa Tomasz

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2019

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Vol. 23, No 2

245--256

EN

Even the best technology will be ineffective if not used appropriately, therefore education and training about cybersecurity principles and programs are essential components of any cybersecurity strategy. This article presents selected models of the decision support theory from the point of view of cybersecurity education. The analysis of scientific literature and the available research results serve as a base to characterize approaches to raise the awareness of decision-makers about potential cyber threats and the development of appropriate attitudes and the conscious use of information systems and digital resources. The main part of the article is devoted to the issue of the use of teaching methods to increase the involvement of learners. It also describes examples of selected models of the game theory used in IT security education, including examples of simulation games dedicated to decision-making in the domain of IT security.

9

Approaches to the Evaluation of Thermal-hygric Microclimatic Conditions in Selected Manufacturing Organizations

Andrejiová Miriam, Králiková Ružena, Piňosová Miriama, Rusko Miroslav

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 13, no 2

14--23

EN

Attention was paid to the theoretical and empirical aspects of the evaluation of the thermal-hygric microclimate parameters of the working environment and their impact on the employees. The evaluation included questionnaire research, which involved two main areas: 1. Thermal-hygric microclimate conditions in the workplace; 2. Health problems of employees related to workplace conditions. The research was participated in by 200 employees working in manufacturing mechanical engineering organizations. The entry criterion for inclusion in the data set was the good health of the respondent, not suffering from serious health problems. The results of the evaluation showed that there is a statistically significant dependence between some of the monitored characteristics: between the age of the employee and the occurrence of monitored health problems (headache, feeling cold, spine pain), as well as between the work done and the satisfaction with the humidity of the workplace or with a feeling of dry nasal mucosa. The results of the questionnaire survey also showed a significant dependence between the type of manufacturing organization and the thermal and humidity conditions in the workplace or the occurrence of respondents’ health problems. In addition, a moderately positive relationship was found between thermal-hygric microclimatic conditions and the feeling of fatigue and headaches (or feeling of cold symptoms, spinal pain, and dry nasal mucous membrane). When evaluating the questionnaire research, statistical methods were used to monitor categorical dependence.

10

Risk evaluation method based on set pair analysis applied to overseas mining investment

Ma Z., Li G., Hu N., Liu D.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2018

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T. 34, z. 4

145--164

EN

Overseas mining investment generally faces considerable risk due to a variety of complex risk factors. Therefore, indexes are often based on conditions of uncertainty and cannot be fully quantified. Guided by set pair analysis (SPA) theory, this study constructs a risk evaluation index system based on an analysis of the risk factors of overseas mining investment and determines the weights of factors using entropy weighting methods. In addition, this study constructs an identity-discrepancy-contrary risk assessment model based on the 5-element connection number. Both the certainty and uncertainty of the various risks are treated uniformly in this model and it is possible to mathematically describe and quantitatively express complex system decisions to evaluate projects. Overseas mining investment risk and its changing trends are synthetically evaluated by calculating the adjacent connection number and analyzing the set pair potential. Using an actual overseas mining investment project as an example, the risk of overseas mining investment can be separated into five categories according to the risk field, and then the evaluation model is quantified and specific risk assessment results are obtained. Compared to the field investigation, the practicability and effectiveness of the evaluation method are illustrated. This new model combines static and dynamic factors and qualitative and quantitative information, which improves the reliability and accuracy of risk evaluation. Furthermore, this evaluation method can also be applied to other similar evaluations and has a certain scalability.

PL

Zagraniczne inwestycje wydobywcze są narażone na znaczne ryzyko z powodu różnych czynników mających wpływ na taką działalność. Stosowane wskaźniki często zawierają elementy niepewności i nie można ich w pełni skwantyfikować. Kierując się teorią analizy par (set par analysis), badanie to tworzy system indeksu oceny ryzyka oparty na analizie czynników ryzyka zagranicznych inwestycji górniczych i określa wagi czynników z zastosowaniem entropii. Ponadto w artykule przedstawiono model oceny ryzyka związanego z identyfikacją rozbieżności, oparty na powiązaniu pięciu elementów. Zarówno pewność, jak i niepewność różnych ryzyk są traktowane jednolicie w tym modelu i możliwe jest matematyczne opisanie i ilościowe wyrażenie złożonych decyzji systemowych w celu oceny projektów. Ryzyko inwestycji zagranicznych i ich zmieniające się trendy są oceniane syntetycznie poprzez obliczanie sąsiedniego elementu i analizowanie ustalonego potencjału dla tej pary. Przykładem może być faktyczny zagraniczny projekt inwestycyjny dotyczący górnictwa, gdzie ryzyko inwestycji zagranicznych można podzielić na pięć rodzajów zgodnie z rachunkiem ryzyka, a następnie dokonuje się oceny modelu i uzyskuje się konkretne wyniki oceny ryzyka. Na przykładzie przedstawiono aspekty praktyczne i skuteczność tej metody oceny. Ten nowy model łączy czynniki statyczne i dynamiczne oraz informacje jakościowe i ilościowe, co poprawia wiarygodność i dokładność oceny ryzyka. Co więcej, ta metoda oceny może być również zastosowana do innych podobnych zagadnień i ma pewną skalowalność.

11

Objective and subjective evaluation of the physical risk factors near a conveyor system

Piňosová Miriama, Andrejiová Miriam, Liptai Pavol, Lumnitzer Ervín

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 3

188--196

EN

Currently, emphasis is still placed on risk evaluations of physical factors in workplaces. The aim of this paper was to evaluate objectively and subjectively the noise parameters and microclimate conditions near conveyor systems at the workplace for the handling and sorting postal items. Objective noise measurements were performed using the Norsonic 140 sound analyser, Class 1 and microclimatic conditions using the Testo 435 instrument. The subjective evaluation was performed by the questionnaire method (120; F: 66; M: 54). The result of the research was the assessment of health risks, depending on the sources of noise caused by conveyor systems.

12

Wykorzystanie analizy time-history podczas projektowania konstrukcji w rejonach aktywnych sejsmicznie

Bąk M.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2017

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R. 88, nr 5

37--46

PL

Obciążenia sejsmiczne ze względu na swój losowy charakter stanowią jedno z większych wyzwań stawianych współczesnej inżynierii. Na obszarze Polski problem naturalnej sejsmiczności jest niewielki i dotyczy głównie obszaru wzdłuż południowej granicy. Większe zainteresowanie trzęsieniami ziemi ma związek z coraz częstszym projektowaniem obiektów zlokalizowanych w rejonach o podwyższonej aktywności sejsmicznej, poza terenami Polski. Artykuł skupia się na odpowiednim wyborze danych, służących do przeprowadzania analiz w dziedzinie czasu (time-history), które ze względu na coraz większą uwagę zwracaną na przewidywanie zachowania konstrukcji (performance based design), są powszechniej stosowane.

EN

Due to their random nature, seismical loads pose one of greater challenges to modern engineering. Within the territory of Poland, the problem of natural seismicity is little and it concerns mainly the area along the southern border. Greater interest in earthquakes stems from more and more frequent cases of designing facilities located in regions with increased seismical activity outside Poland. The article focuses on adequate selection of data which serve to perform analyses in the time-history scope, which are more commonly used due to constantly growing attention devoted to predicting the construction behaviour (performance based design).

13

Metodologiczne aspekty projektowania systemu zamówień publicznych na roboty budowlane

Krzemiński P., Marcinkowski R.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2017

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R. 88, nr 7-8

56--60

PL

Artykuł przedstawia metodologię projektowania systemu zamówień publicznych na roboty budowlane. Przywołano analizę patologii podczas zlecania robót, pokazano nowe podejście w celu wykorzystania systemu zarządzania jakością oraz zastosowanie systemu prekwalifikacji przy ocenie wykonawców zamówień. Zostały zidentyfikowane zagrożenia i ryzyka w procesie inwestycyjno-budowlanym, podzielono je na grupy oraz określono ich stopień wpływu na różnych etapach inwestycji.

EN

This article presents a methodology for designing a system for public contracts. An analysis of the pathology at the time of outsourcing was quoted, showing a new approach to using the quality management system, and the application of a pre-qualification system for assessing contractors. Hazards and risks were identified in the investment and construction process, they were divided into groups and their impact on different stages of investment was identified.

14

Model ewaluacji ryzyka i jego percepcji : podstawą zarządzania ryzykiem

Ameljańczyk A.

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2017

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T. 12, nr 2

31--45

PL

W pracy przedstawiono nowe, relacyjne ujęcie pojęcia ryzyka i jego percepcji. Jako podstawę analizy problemów związanych z zarządzaniem ryzykiem przyjęto paretowski model ewaluacji ryzyka. Zdefiniowano wiele nowych pojęć związanych z modelowaniem percepcji ryzyka oraz konstruowaniem miar ryzyka. Ilustracją wprowadzonych pojęć jest obszerny przykład dotyczący ewaluacji ryzyka przy założeniu paretowskiego modelu percepcji ryzyka.

EN

This paper presents a new, relational approach the concept of risk and its perception. As a basis for the analysis of problems related to risk management model, adopted Pareto risk evaluation. A series of new concepts related to the modeling of risk perception and construction of risk measures are presented. Illustration of introduced new definitions is a comprehensive example for the evaluation of risk, depending on the adopted model of risk perception.

15

Skropliny i PN-EN ISO 13788:2003

Patoka K.

Materiały Budowlane

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2017

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nr 1

82--84

16

Geotechniczna analiza oddziaływania obiektów w przestrzeni podziemnej

Bogusz W., Godlewski T.

Materiały Budowlane

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2017

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nr 2

20--23

17

Towards a process based management system for oil port infrastructure in context of insurance

Gołębiewski D., Kosmowski K.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2017

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Vol. 8, No. 1

23--38

EN

This article addresses selected methodological aspects of a process based management system based on analysis of hazards and threats and risk evaluation for an oil port infrastructure in context of insurance. The oil port terminal is regarded as important system of the critical infrastructure that require careful system oriented approach to deal with integrated aspects of environmental, safety and security management to reduce risk of potential consequences of abnormalities and accidents, especially major accidents with catastrophic consequences. The risk of potential economic losses should be also minimised applying in practice an effective business continuity management system. Careful evaluations of relevant risks carried out for the oil port infrastructure are crucial also for the insurance company. Some requirements and activities of the risk engineer and the underwriter in the insurance process are outlined including important factors influencing risks. It is emphasised that determining and evaluating a set of key performance indicators based on data from site audits and analyses can be useful for the safety management of the oil port and its insurance.

18

Qualitative and quantitave risk evaluation on the basis of military aviation event analysis

Zieja M., Smoliński H., Gołda P.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych

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2016

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nr 38

85--94

EN

Risk management is understood as a process supporting decision making through systemic assessment of possible courses of action, identification of hazards and benefits, and indication of the best way to carry out aviation tasks. The article presents a method of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment on the basis of military aviation incident analysis. The procedure of the suggested approach is contained in a probability and severity degree estimation algorithm and in subsequent steps: of identifying the risk factor (CZN) of a given category, analysis of risk associated with a given CZN, determination of risk, defining correcting actions, risk forecasting and its verification over the following assessment period. A simplified block diagram presents a proposal of the implementation of a qualitative and quantitative risk estimation procedure with the use of the TURAWA IT system, which function in the air forces.

19

Procedure based proactive functional safety management for the risk mitigation of hazardous events in the oil port installations including insurance aspects

Kosmowski K. T., Śliwiński M., Piesik E., Gołębiewski D.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2016

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Vol. 7, No. 1

147--156

EN

This article addresses selected technical and organization aspects of risk mitigation in the oil port installations with regard to functional safety requirements specified in standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. The procedure for functional safety management includes the hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of safety functions. Based on risk assessment results the safety integrity level (SIL) is determined for consecutive safety functions. These functions are implemented within industrial control system (ICS) that consists of the basic process control system (BPCS) and/or safety instrumented system (SIS). Determination of required SIL related to required risk mitigation is based on semi-quantitative evaluation method. Verification of SIL for considered architectures of BPCS and/or SIS is supported by probabilistic models with appropriate data and model parameters including security-related aspects. The approach proposed is illustrated on example of oil port installations. In final part of the article the insurance aspects are discussed in managing risks, as some risks are to be transferred to an insurance company.

20

Landslide susceptibility and risk assessment in a non-mountainous region : a case study of Koronowo, northern Poland

Mrozek T., Laskowicz I., Zabuski L., Kulczykowski M., Świdziński W.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 3

758--769

EN

The study deals with landslide threats in a low-relief region which exemplifies an area rarely perceived as prone to such geohazards. Actually, in the gently undulated landscape in the vicinity of Koronowo at the Brda River (South Pomeranian Lake District, northern Poland) intensified landsliding was observed in the recent years. The field mapping and examination of air photos showed that endangered terrains are fairly extensive and cannot be limited to initially identified slope failure incidences (hot-spots). The devised landslide susceptibility and hazard map is an outcome of predictive modelling using empirical likelihood ratio function (LR) with respect to seven evidential layers: elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, flow accumulation, surface deposits, depth to glacial raft, land cover as well as the landslide scars. The values of potential losses were calculated based on the mapped land-use categories and current market prices of estates and services. The final map, which resulted from combining landslide hazard with potential losses, shows damage propensity in a spatial scale of the town surroundings. It is meant as a supportive tool for decision-making with regard to allocating funds for stabilization measures or planning placement of new investments. On this background, stabilization solutions for selected sites are assessed in a cost-benefit context.