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1

Risks Associated with the Impact of Climate Change on the Informal Mining Industry

Yuli-Posadas Ricardo Angel, Chávez-Juanito Yuli Anbel, Manrique Edgar Robert Tapia, Bulege-Gutiérrez Wilfredo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

46--59

EN

Informal mining is a very relevant activity in many regions of the world, as it provides employment and income to local communities. However, this activity faces significant challenges due to the impact of climate change. The objective of this study was to identify, analyze and synthesize, using a unique approach, the specific risks associated with the impact of climate change on the informal mining industry. Methodologically, it was a review study through an analysis of original content for the purpose of creating an authentic study, in which the following search engines were used: Scopus, Redalyc SciELO, Google Scholar and WoS. The analysis of the texts allowed identifying three categories of analysis: (a) Environmental challenges in informal mining: Evaluation of deforestation, soil degradation and water pollution as a consequence of climate change, (b) Health and safety risks of informal mining workers: Exposure to toxic substances and dangers associated with extreme weather phenomena and (c) Adaptation and mitigation strategies in informal mining in the face of climate change: Clean technologies, training and improvement of working conditions, which allowed obtaining a deeper understanding of the risks associated with the impact of climate change on the informal mining industry, identifying deforestation, land degradation and water pollution as significant environmental challenges affecting this industry due to climate change.

2

A new hybrid approach based on probability distribution and an improved machine learning for multivariate risk assessment

Azzedine Abdelhakim, Nouri Fatma Zohra, Bouhouche Salah

Diagnostyka

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2024

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Vol. 25, No. 1

art. no. 2024113

EN

A highly complex dynamic non-linear reactor is the blast furnace iron manufacturing system. It has possible dangers, including carbon monoxide, wide variety of chemical reactions, fire, high pressure and explosion, noise, split and fall, hot metal sparks, hit etc. To ensure a secure working, organizations must take the required measures to manage the risks and their effects. The approach for risk assessment discussed in this research attempts to increase blast furnace safety performance and reduce workers injuries. This approach uses probability distribution and an improved machine learning techniques such as radial basis function artificial neural networks (RBANN). The novelty here is to calculate a multivariate risk using a proposed method, namely exponential smoothing combined with radial basis function artificial neural networks (ES-RBANN). To identify their limits, the results of a research comparing conventional and novel techniques are confirmed using real data collected from the steel production operations ArcelorMittal-Annaba, Algeria.

3

Original DHI method for assessing epidemic hazards in transportation services

Burdzik Rafał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 121

31--43

EN

In the situation of the global SARS-COV-2 coronavirus pandemic, epidemic threats are dominant and ubiquitous. The article attempted to estimate the hazards of virus transmission in various transport services. In the author's opinion, numerous and very serious problems in the transport sector and transport services are in this case the result of a lack of a methodical approach to the problem of epidemic threats, including infection in a global epidemic. The paper presents a proposal for an original DHI method for assessing epidemic hazards in transportation services, taking into account various hazards and routes of virus transmission (droplet and contact) based on dedicated scales of hazard evaluation and multi-criteria assessment. This methodology is named Deep Hazard Identification (DHI). The primary stage of the methodology is the identification and estimation of transmission mechanisms of pathogen that can occur in transport services. For this purpose 15 criteria and weighting factors were defined and used for a multi-criteria epidemic hazards assessment. It enables the determination of the matrix of hazard assessment separately for the passenger transport and freight transport groups, which allows for the comparison of the DHI hazard factor between different transport services.

4

Management of the critical infrastructure used for the transport of fossil raw materials – a case study

Łukaszczyk Zygmunt, Graniczny Przemysław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

301--312

EN

Purpose: The occurrence of mining damage has a huge impact on the quality and safety of railway infrastructure. Damage to the railway infrastructure due to mining damage may result in the need to temporarily close the railway line, reduce capacity and thus cause disruptions in the supply of goods and services in part of the value chain requiring non-standard actions. Due to the occurrence of mining damage, there is also a need to increase funds for infrastructure maintenance. Design/methodology/approach: Railway infrastructure is a kind of critical infrastructure and its elements are subject to special protection. In order to prevent threats and minimize their effects, risk assessment should be carried out systematically and control mechanisms should be introduced in order to increase the security and quality of services provided. Findings: Analyzing the scope of activities of Jastrzębska Spółka Kolejowa sp. z o.o. numerous potential hazards have been noted. The risk may result from deterioration of the quality of railway infrastructure, railway event, incident, potentially dangerous situation, but also loss of human life. Taking into account the location of railway infrastructure in mining areas, ensuring its required quality is a huge challenge for its manager due to the intensity of mining damage. Originality/value: The article includes, among others, an analysis and risk assessment and presents control mechanisms to increase the security and quality of services provided by JSK sp. z o.o. In the article, this problem was looked at prognostically.

5

Analiza cen węgla kamiennego energetycznego

Rybarz Mateusz

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

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2023

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nr 111

43--51

PL

Rynek węgla energetycznego na świecie jest obecnie w bardzo ciekawym okresie. Pandemia COVID-19, wojna w Ukrainie oraz postępujący zwrot w kierunku zielonej energetyki w Europie skutkują dużymi zmianami na tym rynku. Ceny węgla energetycznego na świecie aktualnie notują swoje rekordy, co odbija się na cenach energii elektrycznej. Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja głównych czynników wpływających na ceny węgla kamiennego energetycznego na rynkach światowych i rynku krajowym oraz oszacowanie ryzyka występującego na rynku globalnym oraz krajowym. Poprzez obszerny przegląd literatury krajowej oraz zagranicznej udało się autorowi wskazać na najważniejsze determinanty cen na rynku takie jak związek cen węgla kamiennego z zapotrzebowaniem na energię elektryczną, cenami gazu ziemnego czy też zmianami i decyzjami politycznymi. Ponadto udało się wykazać większą stabilność cen na polskim rynku węgla kamiennego niż na rynku światowym.

EN

The global hard coal market is currently in a very interesting time. The COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the progressive shift towards green energy in Europe are resulting in major changes in this market. Global hard coal prices are currently at their record highs, which is reflected in electricity prices. The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors influencing hard coal prices in global and local markets, and to estimate the risks in the global and local markets. Through an extensive review of domestic and international literature, the author managed to identify the most important determinants of prices in the market such as the relationship of hard coal prices to electricity demand, natural gas prices or political changes and decisions. In addition, he managed to demonstrate greater price stability in the Polish hard coal market than in the world market.

6

Supply chain adaptability as a response to disruptions – theoretical and empirical aspects

Bukowska-Pietrzyńska Agnieszka, Motowidlak Urszula

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2023

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nr 74 (146)

46--54

EN

This article concerns the increasing complexity and variability of the business environment and the challenges faced by enterprises that operate within supply chains to properly identify and anticipate disruptions and adequately respond to them (i.e., the ability to resist and rebuild). This article aims to identify and evaluate the importance of the main factors that determine supply chains’ adaptability in the modern economy. A review of the literature on the subject, and the results of a survey conducted in the third quarter of 2022 among entities from the transport forwarding logistics (TFL) industry, diagnose the determinants of the adaptability of supply chains that operate when there are disruptions. They indicate the challenges faced by TFL companies that result from the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine and the directions of changes that result from them, both from the short-term and strategic perspectives. The relationships between the development of adaptability of supply chains and the increase in the competitiveness of entities enable us to verify the research hypothesis that, in the face of increasing disruptions and uncertainty in the business environment, strengthens the adaptability of supply chains producing a great potential in terms of maintaining the competitiveness of enterprises in the TFL industry. To gain and maintain a long-term competitive advantage, companies should strive to create a resilient supply chain that can withstand challenges and disruptions.

7

Energy supply chain management and security in public-private partnership

Krupnik Dorota

Wiedza Obronna

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2023

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nr 2

EN

The aim of the article is to identify and analyze how to manage the energy supply chain as part of public-private partnership and to try to answer the question in what direction should the Polish industry go to compete on global markets in the face of many challenges of decarbonisation? Maybe by using green energy produced close to its recipients and supplied bypassing the transmission grid? Maybe through the diversification of installations processing energy from various sources (RES), which would constitute an additional regulatory value for the power system? Could solutions, e.g. based on a direct line system, help in such a difficult technological and regulatory time for the energy market? As a research problem, an attempt was made to answer the question to what extent, for example, a systemic approach based on the model of direct lines can help strategic industry organizations in managing the energy supply chain, especially in situations of energy crisis? What actions can be taken to keep a secure energy supply chain management system operational or how to deal with threats affecting the functioning of the energy supply chain? The essence is to emphasize the role of the energy supply chain management system, based on specific requirements or innovative solutions, e.g. a sharing system or direct lines, in maintaining an appropriate level of energy supply security, especially during an energy crisis. To what extent can the requirements of reference documents focusing on operational control and process control ensure the security of the energy supply chain? With regard to the research problems defined in this way, the working hypothesis was formulated as follows: Searching for innovative solutions in the energy sector, and in particular the implementation of direct systems, can effectively counteract or at least reduce the effects of the recent electricity crisis and increase economic attractiveness for the industry. The article uses theoretical and empirical research methods adapted to the problems posed and the purpose of the article. These include: analysis of the literature, normative and legal documents and internal system documentation of sample organizations, the audit method using direct interview and observation of processes and activities.

8

Ochrona inteligentnych stacji transformatorowo-rozdzielczych przed działaniem LEMP

Wincencik Krzysztof

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2023

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R. 91, nr 9

78--81

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę zagrożenia spowodowanego wyładowaniem piorunowym oraz wymagania ochrony inteligentnych stacji transformatorowo-rozdzielczych. Zwrócono uwagę na konieczność kompleksowego podejścia do zagadnień ochrony (od oceny ryzyka aż do końcowego doboru ograniczników przepięć). Taki tok postępowania pozwala na minimalizację strat oraz zwiększenie dyspozycyjności pracy urządzeń.

EN

The paper presents the problem of the threat caused by a lightning discharge and the requirements for the protection of intelligent transformer-distribution stations. Attention was drawn to the need for a comprehensive approach to protection issues (from risk assessment to the final selection of surge arresters). This course of action allows you to minimize losses and increase the availability of equipment.

9

Ergonomiczna analiza ryzyka w oparciu o cykl czasowy pracy operatora - studium przypadku

Lasota Andrzej Marek

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2023

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Vol. 12, iss. 2

1--8

PL

Pracownicy są istotną częścią systemu produkcyjnego i wykonują różnorodne prace i zadania. Pracy wykonywanej przez operatorów towarzyszy ergonomiczne ryzyko wystąpienia zaburzeń mięśniowo-szkieletowych (ZMSz). ZMSz u pracowników w związku z wykonywaną pracą zawodową są nadal powszechnym zjawiskiem w przemyśle. ZMSz prowadzą do zakłóceń w procesach produkcji, absencji chorobowej oraz generują dodatkowe koszty dla przedsiębiorstw. W artykule przedstawiono ergonomiczną analizę ryzyka narażenia operatora na ZMSz w oparciu o studium przypadku. Do oceny ryzyka zastosowano metodę OWAS. Ocenę wykonano na stanowisku wykrawania arkuszy blach. Praca posiadała charakter powtarzalny i charakteryzowała się cyklem czasowym operatora. Wyniki pokazały, że operator ponad 28% efektywnego czasu pracy przebywa w szkodliwych i bardzo szkodliwych pozycjach pracy, z dużym oraz bardzo dużym ryzykiem powstania zaburzeń w układzie mięśniowo-szkieletowym. Sformułowano rekomendacje obejmujące zmiany w strukturze przestrzennej stanowiska pracy, przeprowadzenie szkoleń pracowników z podstaw ergonomii stanowiska pracy oraz prawidłowych pozycji podczas pracy.

EN

Workers are an essential part of the production system and perform a variety of jobs and tasks. The work performed by operators is accompanied by an ergonomic risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs are still common phenomenon in industry. And MSDs lead to disruptions in production processes, sickness absence and additional costs for businesses. The article presents an ergonomic risk analysis of operator exposure to MSDs based on a case study. The OWAS method was used for risk assessment. The evaluation was performed at the sheet metal punching station. The task was repetitive and characterized by the operator's work cycle. The results showed that the operator spends more than 28% of the effective working time in harmful and very harmful working postures, with a high and very high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. Recommendations were formulated, including changes in the layout of the workplace, training employees on the principles of ergonomics and correct working postures.

10

Risk management as a determining factor for the safety of a sapper patrol

Zakrzewski Waldemar

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 2(208)

128--141

EN

Risk identification and risk assessment is a constant aspect of the decision-making process by sappers of the sapper patrol in their daily operations related to the collection and neutralization of unexploded munitions, misfires, explosives and other dangerous objects of military origin. This is a very difficult task, resulting from the lack of complete and reliable information about the dangerous object found. However, the sapper patrol must manage the risks in their operations properly in order to safely and effectively carry out their tasks. The article is a survey in the field of risk assessment and decision making by the sapper patrol commander during the implementation of tasks related to the taking and neutralization of explosive and dangerous objects. The report presents the issue of threats generated by pollution of the country’s territory by unexploded munitions, misfires and other dangerous materials of military origin. Definitions of explosive and dangerous objects were also presented. The procedures for taking and neutralizing explosive and dangerous objects and the decision-making process of the sapper patrol commander during the activities related to taking these objects are described. Various factors that influence the decisions of the patrol commander when taking and neutralizing explosive and dangerous objects were indicated.

PL

Identyfikacja oraz ocena ryzyka to stały aspekt procesu podejmowania decyzji przez saperów patrolu saperskiego w swej codziennej działalności związanej z podejmowaniem i neutralizacją niewybuchów, niewypałów, materiałów wybuchowych i innych przedmiotów niebezpiecznych pochodzenia wojskowego. Jest to zadanie bardzo trudne, wynikające z braku kompletnych i pewnych informacji o znalezionym przedmiocie niebezpiecznym. Jednak w swych działaniach saperzy muszą odpowiednio zarządzać ryzykiem, aby bezpiecznie i skutecznie realizować swoje zadania. Artykuł jest przeglądem wiedzy z zakresu oceny ryzyka i podejmowania decyzji przez dowódcę patrolu saperskiego podczas realizacji zadań związanych z podejmowaniem i neutralizacją przedmiotów wybuchowych i niebezpiecznych. W materiale przedstawiona została problematyka zagrożeń generowanych zanieczyszczeniem terytorium kraju niewybuchami, niewypałami i innymi materiałami niebezpiecznymi pochodzenia wojskowego. Zaprezentowano także definicje przedmiotów wybuchowych i niebezpiecznych. Opisano procedury podejmowania i neutralizacji przedmiotów wybuchowych i niebezpiecznych oraz proces decyzyjny dowódcy patrolu saperskiego w trakcie działań związanych z podejmowaniem tych przedmiotów. Wskazane zostały różnorodne czynniki, które oddziałują na decyzje dowódcy patrolu podczas podejmowania i neutralizacji przedmiotów wybuchowych i niebezpiecznych.

11

Barrier management as proactive approach for technical integrity and risk management

Rahim Yousif

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2023

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023

199--206

EN

Technical Integrity Management system is a program for continuous follow up on selected technical barriers against major accidents and critical elements for production regularity. Technical integrity management is a crucial element in running a business in safe, sustainable, and effective. The technical integrity is based on the available data in the plants/installations, competences and skills within the organisations and emphasizes on gaining a complete overview of technical conditions of safety systems and barriers. The system helps the companies to document and follow-up the technical state of its operations and assets throughout the platform/installation life cycle. The program contributed to increased risk understanding of safety barriers and better compliance with national and industrial requirements. The system helps risk owners, production managers, platform management to take rational and informed decision quickly. It is a main contribution to understanding the condition of platforms and assets and a great input to better understanding the related risks to safe operations and preventing the undesired events including prevention of major accidents. The main aim of this chapter is to highlight the importance of barrier management and technical integrity management programs is prevention major accidents by identifying the weaknesses related to equipment, systems, and barriers through controlling different accident scenarios.

12

Zarządzanie ryzykiem w przedsięwzięciach budowlanych na gruncie prawnym i naukowym

Skorupka Dariusz, Dudziak-Gajowiak Dominika, Duchaczek Artur, Bekisz Agnieszka, Kowacka Magdalena

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 1-2

24--29

PL

W artykule poruszono problematykę zmienności warunków realizacji przedsięwzięcia budowlanego. W związku z tym, że zmiana warunków jest czymś naturalnym i permanentnym, warto zastanowić się nad jej prognozą. Przy czym interesuje nas nie tyle sama prognoza, co negatywne skutki występowania zmian. Aby im zapobiec, należy próbować je przewidywać i być przygotowanym do ich minimalizacji, a nawet całkowitej neutralizacji. Temu właśnie służą procedury i metody przedstawione przez autorów artykułu. Autorzy w swoich analizach opierali się na gruncie prawnym, przedstawionym w normie i ustawie oraz na badaniach własnych, których efektem było opracowanie autorskiej metody analizy ryzyka.

EN

The article raises the variability of the conditions for the implementation of the construction project. Due to the fact that changing the conditions is something natural and permanent, it is worth considering its forecast. At the same time, we are interested not so much by the forecast itself but the negative effects of changes. To prevent them, they should be predicted and be prepared to minimize them and even complete neutralization. And this is what the procedures methods presented by the authors of the article is for. In their analyses, the authors based their analyzes on the legal grounds presented in the standard and the Act, as well as on their own research, which resulted in the development of a proprietary risk analysis method.

13

Engineering and technical structures of the Zhinvali hydroengineering complex and assessment of the state of their management

Gavardashvili Givi, Vartanov Martin

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 1

37--43

EN

Based on theoretical and long-term field researche, the article provides assessment of the management of engineering and technical structures of the Zhinvali hydroengeneering complex. The methodology and quantitative assessment of the risk of loss resulting from accidents at hydraulic structures are de-scribed. The implementation of the recommendations of scientific researche related to the protection of the waters of the Zhinvali reservoir will allow to extend its service life for at least another twenty years, which, subject to one-time-only investments in protection measures in the amount of 35 million GEL (1 USA Dollar - 2,90 GEL), will provide an opportunity to bring the amount of direct and indirect loss prevented to 25 million GEL per year. The calculation showed that rational management of the reservoir will allow, with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 42%, to accumulate net present value (NPV) in the amount of 87.6 million GEL over twenty additional years of operation, which in turn indicates a high efficiency of investments in the protection of reservoir waters.

14

Risk Assessment as a Decision-Making Tool in the Field of Public Health and Environment

Wójcik Waldemar, Savina Nataliia, Kovshun Nataliia, Akselrod Roman, Bezsmertna Oksana V., Adikanova Saltanat, Akbarova Gulviram

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

271--276

EN

The article deals with the current issues of interconnection between public health and the quality of water resources. It was proposed to determine environmental safety areas in the basins of small rivers based on environmental morbidity valuation. Four phases are herewith determined: hazard identification, exposure assessment, environmental mortality rate assessment, decision-making regarding the need for implementation and water protection measures. In order to assess the influence of the state of river quality on the health status of the population in the certain administrative region, the impact factor of recreational water use was introduced. The risks related to organoleptic, sanitary and toxicological properties of water; epidemiological water hazard are considered.

15

Dynamic safety management model for rail traffic control

Ilczuk Przemysław, Kycko Magdalena, Szmel Dariusz

Journal of civil engineering and transport

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2023

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Vol. 5, No. 4

53--63

EN

In rail transport, increasing emphasis has been placed in recent years on improving safety levels. Therefore, more requirements and legal documents require risk analyses to be carried out at various stages of investment implementation. One of the leading legal documents that introduce the obligation to monitor risk is Directive (EU) 2016/798 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on railway safety and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 402/2013 of 30 April 2013 on the common safety method for risk evaluation and assessment and re-pealing Regulation (EC) No 352/2009. Additionally, for traffic control systems, the requirements of CENELEC standards are mandatory. These documents present the subject of safety level and show its relation with the safety targets defined in the railway system, including the different ways of measuring them. Methods are also available to analyse the safety level of railway system components in detail, both at the level of individual components, subsystems, and the whole national railway system. However, after conducting an in-depth analysis of the literature, the authors of the article indicate that these methods are not consistent with each other. There is no method defined to present the direct relation of the safety level of the components of the system on the achievement of safety targets for the national railway system. The research and analysis aimed to define an approach, a method that would meet all legal requirements but at the same time would allow to clearly and reliably determine the safety level of the railway system. To define a unified approach, the authors of the article propose to develop a model of a dynamic object - a railway system safety model, which has also been verified on accurate safety data in rail transport in recent years. This model organises the process of safety management on railways and allows to determine values influencing the achievement of safety targets on an assumed level.

PL

Dyskusja o zagrożeniach i potrzebie metody ich oceny na różnych etapach inwestycji jest wciąż żywa na kolei. Istnieje również wiele dokumentów prawnych, które określają podejście do ryzyka oraz metody analizy i oceny ryzyka. Niemniej jednak dokumenty te często pokazują rozbieżne podejścia do zarządzania ryzykiem, co powoduje niejednoznaczność w interpretacji wymagań. Co więcej, niejednoznaczne wymagania skutkują różnymi interpretacjami przepisów i ich różnym stosowaniem przez uczestników rynku. Jednolite podejście i precyzyjne wymagania mają kluczowe znaczenie dla utrzymania wysokiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa, co jest ściśle związane z osiągnięciem zrównoważonego rozwoju transportu kolejowego. Dlatego w artykule autorzy podjęli się przedstawienia metody, która ujednoliciłaby rozbieżności w wymaganiach prawnych i objęła cały system kolejowy. W pierwszej części artykułu autorzy skupiają się na ujednoliceniu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w sferze formalno-prawnej. Stosowana jest tu dogłębna analiza i porównanie istniejących standardów, wraz z mapowaniem poszczególnych procesów. Jest to kwestia krytyczna, ponieważ brak jednolitego podejścia stwarza problemy w ocenie globalnego bezpieczeństwa systemu. W dalszej części artykułu autorzy poruszyli problem rozłożonych w czasie analiz bezpieczeństwa. Obecne metody koncentrują się na statycznej ocenie bezpieczeństwa. W artykule zaproponowano nowatorskie podejście do dynamicznego zarządzania ryzykiem, wykorzystując teorię mechaniki i automatyki. Oczekuje się, że podejście to zaowocuje wytworzeniem predykcyjnych metod zarządzania ryzykiem.

16

Systemowe podejście do bezpieczeństwa wody w MPECWiK w Środzie Wielkopolskiej z uwzględnieniem generowania ubocznych produktów dezynfekcji wody

Zimoch Izabela, Górska Aleksandra

Instal

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2023

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nr 10

27--32

PL

Dezynfekcja jest jednym z głównych etapów uzdatniania wody, pozwalającym zachować bezpieczeństwo mikrobiologiczne. Niesie ona jednak za sobą ryzyko powstawania ubocznych produktów w wodzie, które w dłuższym okresie spożywania może stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia ludzi. Istnieje wiele metod umożliwiających zmniejszenie poziomu powstawania ubocznych produktów dezynfekcji (UPD) w zależności od rodzaju i jakości ujmowanej wody, niemniej jednak procesu tego nie da się w pełni wyeliminować w systemach o dużym potencjale ich generowania. Zarówno konieczność zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa mikrobiologicznego wody jak i konieczność ograniczania powstawania ubocznych produktów stawia dezynfekcję jako proces technologiczny o szczególnym znaczeniu w procedurach zarządzania bezpieczeństwem dostaw wody do konsumenta. Na przykładzie Miejskiego Przedsiębiorstwa Energetyki Cieplnej, Wodociągów i Kanalizacji Spółka z o.o. w Środzie Wielkopolskiej w artykule przedstawiono proces identyfikacji zagrożeń wynikających z powstawania UPD oraz działania zmierzające do zminimalizowania lub wyeliminowania tego zagrożenia. W związku z powyższym w Spółce przeprowadzono wstępne badania, które wykazały skuteczność zastosowania koagulacji celem ograniczenia potencjału tworzenia UPD w uzdatnianej wodzie. W działaniach tych wykorzystano systemowe podejście do bezpieczeństwa wody oparte na ocenie i zarządzaniu ryzykiem. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była analiza potencjalnego zagrożenia występowania UPD w wodzie przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi oraz ocena efektywności technologicznej koagulacji jako skutecznej bariery ochronnej w zarządzaniu ryzykiem.

EN

Disinfection is one of the main parts of water treatment processes, allowing to maintain microbiological safety. However, it carries the risk of the formation of by-products in the drinking water, which in the long term, may pose a threat to consumer health. There are many methods to reduce the level of disinfection by-products (DBP) formation, depending on the type and quality of water abstraction. However, this process cannot be fully eliminated in water supply systems with a high potential for their generation. Both the need to ensure the microbiological safety of tap water and the need to reduce the formation of DBP make disinfection a technological process of particular importance in the procedures of managing the safety of water delivered to consumers. On the example of Municipal Heat Energy, Water Supply and Sewage Company Ltd in Środa Wielkopolska city, the article presents the process of identifying threats resulting from the creation of UPD and actions aimed at minimizing or eliminating this threat. In connection with the above, preliminary studies were carried out at the Company, which showed the effectiveness of using coagulation to reduce the potential of UPD formation in the treated water. These activities used a systemic approach to water safety based on risk analysis and management. The aim of the study was to analyze the potential risk of UPD formation in water intended for human consumption and to assess the technological effectiveness of coagulation as an effective protective barrier in risk management.

17

Problematyka oceny ryzyka ujęć wody dla budynków usługowych

Szpak Dawid, Żywiec Jakub, Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara, Rak Janusz

Instal

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2023

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nr 12

108--112

PL

Zgodnie z wymogami ustawy Prawo wodne z dnia 20 lipca 2017 r. (Dz.U. 2017 poz. 1566 z późn. zm.) o konieczności wyznaczenia strefy ochrony pośredniej ujęcia wody podziemnej stanowi analiza ryzyka obejmująca ocenę zagrożeń zdrowotnych identyfikowanych w ujmowanej wodzie w oparciu o analizę dynamik zmian jakości ujmowanej wody oraz dokumentację hydrogeologiczną. Analizę ryzyka należy przeprowadzić m.in. dla ujęć wody dostarczających więcej niż 10 m3 wody na dobę lub służących zaopatrzeniu w wodę więcej niż 50 osób. Ustawa Prawo wodne z dnia 20 lipca 2017 r. nakłada taki obowiązek także na właścicieli indywidualnych ujęć wody, jeżeli woda jest dostarczana, jako woda przeznaczona do spożycia przez ludzi, w ramach działalności handlowej, usługowej, przemysłowej, albo do budynków użyteczności publicznej. Pomimo obowiązywania zmienionej ustawy Prawo wodne od 5 lat wielu przedsiębiorców podjęło działania w tej kwestii dopiero w ostatnim kwartale 2022 roku. W pracy określono główne czynniki, które należy brać pod uwagę podczas oceny ryzyka ujęć wody podziemnej, tj. źródła zagrożenia dla jakości wody w aspekcie oceny zagrożeń zdrowotnych konsumenta wody, struktura zagospodarowania terenu, jakość ujmowanej wody, głębokość warstwy wodonośnej oraz przykrycie warstwą izolacyjną. W artykule przedstawiono ocenę ryzyka wybranego ujęcia wody zaopatrującego w wodę obiekt, w którym organizowane są wesela, bankiety oraz spotkania biznesowe. Uwzględniono specyfikę funkcjonowania obiektu, który charakteryzuje się dużą nierównomiernością rozbioru wody. W oparciu o przeprowadzoną analizę oceniono potrzebę ustanowienia strefy ochrony pośredniej ujęcia wody. Podejście oparte na prewencji zagrożeń znacząco ogranicza prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia awarii oraz pozwala na przygotowanie właściciela obiektu do odpowiedniej reakcji.

EN

In accordance with the requirements of the Polish Water Law Act of July 20, 2017 (Journal of Laws of 2017, item 1566, as amended), on the need to designate an indirect protection zone for groundwater intakes, a risk analysis is required, including the assessment of health threats identified in the abstracted water based on an analysis of the dynamics of changes in the quality of abstracted water and hydrogeological documentation. The risk analysis should be carried out for water intakes supplying more than 10 m3 of water per day or supplying the water for more than 50 people. The Polish Water Law Act imposes such an obligation also on owners of individual water intakes, if water supplied is intended for human consumption as part of commercial, service, industrial activities or to public utility buildings. Despite the amended Water Law Act being in force for 5 years, many entrepreneurs only took action in this matter in the last quarter of 2022. The paper identifies the main factors that should be taken into account when assessing the risk of groundwater intakes, i.e. sources of threat to water quality, land development structure, quality of water, depth of the aquifer and covering with an insulation layer. The risk assessment of a selected water intake supplying a facility where weddings, banquets and business meetings are organized is presented. The specificity of the functioning of the facility, which is characterized by high unevenness of water demand, was taken into account. Based on the analysis, the need to establish an indirect water intake protection zone was assessed. The approach based on hazard prevention significantly reduces the probability of a failure and allows the owner of the facility to prepare for an appropriate response, in case of one.

18

Hierarchical risk communication management framework for construction projects

Mansour Mohammad A., Beithou Nabil, Alsqour Moh'd, Tarawneh Sultan, Rababa’a Khalid Al, Alsaqoor Sameh, Chodakowska Ewa

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2023

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Vol. 15, no. 4

104--115

EN

Risk, as an effect of uncertainty, is associated with every human activity. Like any other industry, construction companies are eager to reduce the uncertainty of reluctant events. A well-planned risk communication system could contribute to the success of a construction project. A proper announcement protocol could be a mitigating lever for identified or unidentified risks during planning and monitoring processes. This research aims to present a risk communication management system (RCMS) for construction companies involved in large projects. The proposed model includes a step-by-step communication procedure considering the authority level within the organisational hierarchical structure. The model aims to remove the ambiguity of risk communications during the construction process under uncertain conditions. It leaves no or little room for the emergence of unplanned risks. The proposed communication structure has been implemented in GRC cladding construction projects, and the risk communication time and response have been significantly improved.

19

Methodological aspects of risk mapping in multimode transport systems

Kukulski Jacek, Lewczuk Konrad, Góra Ignacy, Wasiak Mariusz

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2023

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Vol. 25, no. 1

art. no. 19

EN

Efficient transport solutions are based on multimodal systems, with the dominant role of rail and road transport in land versions of the systems and the connecting and directing part of intermodal terminals, transhipment terminals or warehouse centres. The implementation of transport processes is always associated with the risk of lack of timeliness (quality) or threats to people, equipment and cargo (safety) resulting from human, technical, organizational and global factors like pandemics or war. The article contains a risk mapping method in multimodal transport systems configured to estimate the risk of lowering the quality of logistics services (on-time deliveries, etc.). The method combines factors usually considered separately in studies on individual modes of transport. A formal notation of risk factors as a mathematical model was proposed, and a case study was provided to picture the implementation.

20

Application of Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Modelling of Hydrological Risk Related to Urban Flood. A Case of the Taza City, Morocco

Bouiss Hanae, Bengamra Said, Amarjouf Najat, Oujidi Mostafa, Amar Iman, Grari Abdellatif

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

173--185

EN

Flood Risk modelling and analysis have received plenty attention globally because of the growing rate of flood failures in maximum riverine regions. This work aims to map the flood hazard in an urban environment through twodimensional (2D) modelling with the Iber software. The study area is the city of Taza, located between the Pre Rif and the Middle Atlas in the northeast of Morocco. The inputs to the 2D model are metrological, hydrological, topographical and geological data. The hazard map is developed using 2D hydraulic modelling. The results obtained show that the propagation of rainwater occurs rapidly due to the rugged terrain of the region studied and the impermeability of the soil.