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1

Activities of retail units as an element of business model creation

Kita Pavol, Čvirik Marián, Maciejewski Grzegorz, Žambochová Marta, Kitová Mazalánová Veronika

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 27, No. 1

133--147

EN

Changes in the social paradigm, technological and digital trends, as well as the negative impacts of the macro environment are also reflected in changes in retail business models, which are becoming a multi-channel means of value creation. The aim of the present paper is to identify and examine the implementation of selected retail activities as a value carrier for retail establishment model identification, and subsequent segmentation and profiling of retail establishments. The paper is supported by primary research on a sample of 246 retail outlet managers using inquiry (semi-structured interviews) in Bratislava. The collected data were processed using descriptive and inductive statistics as well as higher statistical methods (EFA, CA). The results suggest five key areas in business model design, namely supply chain; online or digital world; communication and price; geo-marketing and customer satisfaction. Based on the above factors, three homogeneous groups of retail outlets can be identified.

PL

Zmiany paradygmatu społecznego, trendów technologicznych i cyfrowych, a także negatywny wpływ makrootoczenia znajdują odzwierciedlenie również w zmianach modeli biznesowych widocznych w handlu detalicznym, które stają się obecnie wielokanałowym środkiem tworzenia wartości. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja i zbadanie realizacji wybranych działań sprzedażowych jako nośnika wartości dla identyfikacji modeli placówek detalicznych, a następnie ich segmentacji i profilowania. Artykuł poparty jest badaniami pierwotnymi na próbie 246 menedżerów punktów sprzedaży detalicznej (wywiady częściowo ustrukturyzowane) w Bratysławie. Zebrane dane poddano analizie z wykorzystaniem statystyki opisowej i indukcyjnej oraz metod statystycznej analizy wielowymiarowej (EFA, CA). Wyniki sugerują pięć kluczowych obszarów projektowania modeli biznesowych, a mianowicie: łańcuch dostaw; świat online (cyfrowy); komunikacja i cena; geomarketing oraz satysfakcja klienta. Na podstawie zidentyfikowanych czynników można wyróżnić trzy jednorodne grupy punktów sprzedaży detalicznej.

2

The art of adaptation: how to attract Customers and increase effectiveness of Retail stores in a vuca world

Kozioł Kacper

Journal of TransLogistics

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2022

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Vol. 8, nr 1

11-24

EN

In the study the author presented the adjustments implemented by various business entities operating within the retail industry and their impact on the competitiveness of reviewed discount stores. The companies analysed are considered as key players within the Polish retail market classified by the number of shops in each shop chain, number of customers attracted (also known as market penetration) and income from sales. Before the study, the author performed a literature search. In the first part of the article, the readers can find information presenting the operational background - a number of definitions, such as retailing and black swan, have been adduced to introduce the topic. Subsequently, the writer describes the scale of unexpected incidents affecting specific parts of society. Next paragraphs highlight the consumer trends of 2022 and their influence on customers. Furthermore, the author of the study presents the advantages of retail and market structure based on the size of outlets. In the last part, the readers can learn about the activities taken by several companies (Biedronka, Lidl, Netto, Aldi and Żabka) in recent years that created a difference in the results achieved by them.

3

Private labels – customer profile and changes in trade during pandemic

Slabá Marie

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 154

291--303

EN

Purpose: This article focuses on private labels, which play a crucial role in the retail market. This article aims to examine the market of private labels in the Czech Republic and reveal the customer profile of private labels in the Czech market. Design/methodology/approach: This article incorporates the results of the author's research devoted to various aspects of private labels and trade. The author used an online questionnaire for the research. This questionnaire was divided into several parts and prepared based on the literature search of statistics, reports, papers, and scientific studies. Findings: Large retail chains can achieve more than 30% of sales from private labels. The nature of the private label market is changing significantly. Therefore, the customer profile is changing too. The author's research revealed that the most critical segment for private labels is women, specifically single women with an income of up to 20,000 CZK, aged under 27-36, who live in medium-sized cities with up to 100,000 inhabitants. Research limitations/implications: In the current Covid-19 pandemic, the results can contribute to more effective collaboration with customers. In the future, it is intended to develop research on other aspects that affect the operation of private labels. Practical implications: It is clear from the research results that large retail chains should focus on certain specific segments, especially women with the above profile. According to research, this segment is the most crucial segment for retail chains and should focus on it. Originality/value: The article focuses on the changes during the Covid-19 pandemic. At this time, there were changes in shopping behavior, which are listed in the article.

4

Innovation in retail market using omni-chanel

Simões Eliane Antonio, Lyra José Roberto, Otola Iwona

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2021

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

173--197

EN

As evolution of the concept of customer service channels, the omni-channel was driven by the new information and communication technologies that have brought the consumer a new dynamic in the relationship with retailers. This new dynamic imposes on the retailer a series of changes in its internal management processes. The consumer shopping journey can start in the cell phone, go through a physical store for experimentation or withdrawal of the product or service and end up in a social network from an opinion, good or bad, about the service or product. And this view can spread quickly by influencing other consumers. The technology alone is not enough to ensure that during that journey the consumer has satisfactory experience that can boost new sales. It is up to the retailer to prepare its numerous business processes and also its organization, composed of people with their due roles and responsibilities, for this new dynamic. For its part, this consumer when perceiving this value offer is willing to reward the retailer through engagement with his brand and new purchases. In this context, among the most important processes to be adapted to the omni-channel are those involved with the supply chain. A perfect synchrony of this chain is what guarantees products, services or both at a fair price, in the right place and at the right time. This study seeks to investigate, through a single case study, how the introduction of the omni-channel is being managed by a brasilian retailer that markets durable goods of several segments. It is demonstrated that there is an alignment between the theory and the practice about supply chain impacts from the implementation of the omni-channel in retail companies and that this strategy can collaborate to meet the demands of new consumers and at the same time provide financial and operational results satisfactory for the retailer.

5

Customer experience analysis of cosmetics retail store on millennial women

Theopilus Yansen, Yogasara Thedy, Theresia Clara, Ardine Dessy

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2021

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Vol. 13, no. 2

29--45

EN

Nowadays, customer experience is one of the most powerful forces to increase customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, service quality, and company profit, especially for the cosmetics retail industry that is strongly influenced by the hedonic aspects. Therefore, this exploratory study aims to analyse plausible combinations of factors to reveal commonalities of online and offline customer experience with retail stores to support retailers in the alignment of the store system design with the promising profile of millennial women. The study uses a combination of several methods to conduct a comprehensive analysis, namely Eye Tracking (ET), Customer Journey Analysis (CJA), Retrospective Think Aloud (RTA), and In-Depth Interview (IDI). The analytical methods deliver qualitative and quantitative data to explore both positive and negative experiences from the customer point of view. The study reveals many possible factors that can bring positive or negative customer experience from a cosmetics retail store. Based on the findings, the design recommendations for offline and online cosmetics retail stores (physical, interface, and service systems) were made to help cosmetics retailers produce a positive customer experience. This paper provides two research contributions to the field of service experience. First, the study uses an original combination of four methods that have never been used to explore the experience comprehensively. The combination can increase the depth of this exploratory study in understanding the complexity of all customer experience dimensions. Therefore, this study brings a fresh perspective on the development of the method that can be used by many researchers in a similar area. Second, this study fills the existing gap in that area of exploratory research on customer experience in the cosmetics retail sector. This study could help many cosmetics offline or online retailers to improve their store system to bring a positive customer experience to millennial women as their biggest customer segment. This study could also inform the system design for new “players” in the cosmetics retail industry with valuable guidelines for a positive shopping experience at their store.

6

IT Support for the Goods Reallocation Process in Textiles-Based Fashion Retail

Życzyński Norbert, Gazda Andrzej, Woźniak Joanna

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2019

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Vol. 27, no. 6 (138)

15--19

EN

The process of moving goods from locations with the weakest rotation to those with high rotation in order to speed up the process of disposing of inventory in the entire retail network can be described as an assignment of goods. This process is particularly important in the textiles – based fashion industry, where external purchases for the retail network are often made once and the goods have shallow stocks. In order to optimise the stream of materials, the use of an integrated IT system is essential. Therefore, the main purpose of this publication is to show how IT solutions can be used to simplify the automation and optimisation of the process of generating proposals for goods reallocation within the retail network. The study covered selected companies from the textiles-based fashion industry.

PL

Cesje towarowe to proces przesunięć towarowych z lokalizacji najsłabiej rotujących do tych o wysokiej rotacji w celu przyspieszenia procesu wyzbywania się zapasu towarowego w całej sieci sprzedaży. Szczególne znaczenie proces ten ma w branży tekstylnej, gdzie zewnętrzne zatowarowanie sieci sprzedaży wykonywane jest często jednokrotnie, a towary charakteryzują się płytkim stanem magazynowym. W celu optymalizacji przepływu materiałów użycie zintegrowanych systemów informatycznych ma wówczas kluczowe znaczenie. W związku z powyższym głównym celem pracy było ukazanie w jaki sposób można wykorzystać rozwiązania informatyczne do ułatwienia zautomatyzowania i optymalizacji procesu generowania propozycji przesunięć towarowych w obrębie sieci sprzedaży. Badaniem objętym zostały wybrane przedsiębiorstwa z branży tekstylnej.

7

An analysis into early customer experiences of self-service checkouts: Lessons for improved usability

Turner Jason J, Szymkowiak Andrea

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2019

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Vol. 11, no. 1

36--50

EN

The research aims to examine the perceptions of relative novice users of self-service checkouts (SSCOs) and if these perceptions change before, during and following use. Employing a diary approach with 31 respondents relatively unfamiliar with SSCOs, the research will document their experiences with this technology across stationary, hardware and grocery stores in two Scottish cities (Glasgow and Dundee). Findings suggest that the majority of respondents were motivated to use the technology because of time saving and convenience. However, the actual experience of using SSCOs was not always considered quicker when compared to staffed checkouts because of technical issues, lack of staff assistance and the impersonal, sometimes stressful and controlled nature of the cramped SSCO environment. Following post-use reflections, the majority of respondents’ opinions did not change from their initial perceptions and indicated that they would prefer not to use the technology in the future. Based on the findings, this study makes some practical suggestions centring on the design and usability of SSCOs, which may go some way to reducing customer dissatisfaction and frustration with the technology, especially from the perspective of new users of the technology.

8

Ensemble-based Method of Fraud Detection at Self-checkouts in Retail

Vitynskyi P., Tkachenko R., Izonin I.

ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes

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2019

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Vol. 8, No 2

3--8

EN

The authors consider the problem of fraud detection at self-checkouts in retail in condition of unbalanced data set. A new ensemble-based method is proposed for its effective solution. The developed method involves two main steps: application of the preprocessing procedures and the Random Forest algorithm. The step-by-step implementation of the preprocessing stage involves the sequential execution of such procedures over the input data: scaling by maximal element in a column with row-wise scaling by Euclidean norm, weighting by correlation and applying polynomial extension. For polynomial extension Ito decomposition of the second degree is used. The simulation of the method was carried out on real data. Evaluating performance was based on the use of cost matrix. The experimental comparison of the effectiveness of the developed ensemble-based method with a number of existing (simples and ensembles) demonstrates the best performance of the developed method. Experimental studies of changing the parameters of the Random Forest both for the basic algorithm and for the developed method demonstrate a significant improvement of the investigated efficiency measures of the latter. It is the result of all steps of the preprocessing stage of the developed method use.

9

The impact of clustering on transport companies

Cvahte T., Topolsek D., Sternad M.

Production Engineering Archives

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2015

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Vol. 7, No. 2

25--38

EN

The clustering of firms in the supply chain is rooted in the paradigm of the benefits of cooperation, rather than in the paradigm of competitive advantage. In transport companies, common problems such as empty loads, rising gasoline prices and demands for internationalization are growing and thus, companies are searching for solutions to adequately overcome these issues. The contribution of this paper is to further investigate the practical view of practitioners on clustering and its influence on the performance of transport companies. This will be achieved by an exploration of a case company from Slovenia, which will be undertaken through in-depth interviews with company representatives and their partners. The interview results showed that the benefits provided by interconnecting in the cluster bring a regularity and security which in today's economic world is very important. The disadvantages are virtually negligible when compared to the financial and organizational benefits of clustering, especially when looking from the perspective of financial stability and long-term performance. We can pinpoint this to their regulated functioning and contractual relationships, well managed operations and primarily, on the fair division of work among all partners, which is also the concluding recommendation to other transport clusters Europe-wide.

10

Liberalizacja rynku energii elektrycznej szansą na rozwój usług

Widerski R.

Polityka Energetyczna

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2013

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T. 16, z. 1

39-56

PL

Artykuł w swoim założeniu odpowiada na postawione pytanie badawcze: jak proces liberalizacji rynku energii elektrycznej wpływa na rozwój usług świadczonych w branży elektroenergetycznej? Na wstępie praca przedstawia krótką genezę pierwszego w Europie procesu liberalizacji rynku energii elektrycznej, który był zapoczątkowany w Wielkiej Brytanii. Ponadto zostały opisane trudności z klasyfikacją coraz większej ilości usług obecnych na liberalnych rynkach energii elektrycznej według światowej organizacji handlu (WTO). Aspekt ten został podkreślony również w odniesieniu do Polskiej Klasyfikacji Wyrobów i Usług (PKWiU) oraz Polskiej Klasyfikacji Działalności (PKD). W części pierwszej przedstawiono funkcjonowanie europejskiego hurtowego rynku energii elektrycznej, podmioty na nim obecne, strukturę wytwórczą i główne rynkowe centra handlu energią w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej (UE). Następnie został poruszony problem ograniczający funkcjonowanie europejskiego rynku energii w UE, który polega na małej ilości i niewystarczającej zdolności przesyłowej istniejących sieciowych połączeń transgranicznych, zwłaszcza wśród państw z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. W drugiej części zaprezentowano ogólną strukturę i zasady funkcjonowania zliberalizowanego rynku energii elektrycznej w Polsce. Począwszy od opisu wspólnotowych i krajowych podstaw prawnych, poprzez zasadę unbundlingu, a kończąc na konkurencyjnych i rynkowych formach handlu energią elektryczną. W trzeciej części zaprezentowano dynamiczny rozwój usług wynikający z procesu liberalizacji rynku energii elektrycznej w Polsce. Poszczególne rodzaje usług zostały podzielone na trzy grupy. Pierwszą grupę stanowią usługi podstawowe, na które składają się przesył i dystrybucja oraz handel. Drugą grupę stanowią uzupełniające usługi dodatkowe w postaci transmisji danych sieciami elektroenergetycznymi. Trzecia grupa to usługi zewnętrzne, takie jak np. consulting czy audyt energetyczny. Artykuł zakończony jest konkluzją mówiącą, że proces liberalizacji rynku energii elektrycznej znacznie przyspiesza rozwój usług świadczonych w branży elektroenergetycznej. Jednocześnie możemy stwierdzić, że zarówno światowe jak i polskie klasyfikacje usług nie nadążają za dynamicznym liberalnym rozwojem rynku energii elektrycznej i w przyszłości raczej pewne są zmiany rozszerzające te klasyfikacje.

EN

This article answers the following research question: how does the process of liberalization of the electricity market affects the development of services related to the electrical sector? The article starts by presenting a brief genesis of the liberalization of electricity markets around the world, which began in the UK. The article also reviews the difficult classification of the growing portfolio of services defined by the World Trade Organization WTO, which are present in liberalized electricity markets. This aspect was also emphasized in relation to the Polish Classification of Goods and Services (PKWiU) and the Polish Classification of Activities (PKD). The first part of the article presents the functioning of the European electricity market, the major players in the market, and the structure of the European electricity trading market. The limitations of the European electricity market is functioning were also presented, limitations which are due to the limited number of cross border network connections and their insufficient capacity for certain European countries. The second part of the article presents the complicated structure of and the rules for operating within the liberalized electricity market in Poland. It begins with a community description and the local legal basis provided by the rule of unbundling, ending with competitive and market forms of electrical energy trading. The third part of the article presents the dynamic development of services resulting from the liberalization of the electricity market in Poland. Different types of services were divided into three groups. The first group consists of basic services, which include transmission and distribution as well as trade. The second group consists of the additional basic services such as data transmission via the electricity networks. The third group includes external services such as consulting, advisory, or energy audits. The analysis concludes that liberalization of the electricity market significantly accelerates the development of services provided in the electrical sector. In addition, can be concluded that WTO and Polish classifications of services have not kept up with the dynamic development of the services electricity market, so future changes are certain.

11

Food safety systems’ functioning in polish networks of grocery stores

Nowicki P., Kafel P., Sikora T.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2013

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nr 2 (10)

5--7

EN

This article shows the way how the food safety systems are functioning in Polish networks of grocery stores. The study was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2012 in the south-eastern Poland. There were chosen three organizations that meet certain conditions: medium size Polish grocery network without participation of foreign capital and up to 30 retail locations within the group. Studies based on a case study model. The research found that regular and unannounced inspections carried out to each store's, impact on increasing safety of food offered and the verification of GHP requirements on the headquarters level has a significant impact on the safety of food offered as well as on the knowledge and behavior of employees. In addition it was found that the verification and analysis of food safety management system is an effective tool for improving food safety. It was also shown that in most cases there is no formal crisis management system for the food protection in the surveyed companies and employees are only informed of what to do in case of an emergency.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono sposoby funkcjonowania systemów zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa żywności w polskich sieciach sklepów spożywczych. Badania przeprowadzone zostały w IV kwartale 2012 roku na terenie południowo-wschodniej Polski. Do badań wytypowano trzy organizacje, które spełniły określone warunki: polska sieć sklepów spożywczych średniej wielkości, bez udziału kapitału zagranicznego i maksymalnie 30 placówkach handlowych w ramach grupy. Badania miały charakter studium przypadków. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono m.in, że regularnie przeprowadzane i niezapowiedziane kontrole poszczególnych sklepów istotnie wpływają na zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa oferowanej żywności oraz weryfikacja wymagań GHP na poziomie centrali sieci istotnie wpływa na poziom bezpieczeństwa oferowanej żywności, jak również na wiedzę i zachowania pracowników. Z uzyskanych informacji stwierdzono, że weryfikacja i analiza systemu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem żywności jest skutecznym narzędziem poprawy bezpieczeństwa żywności. Wykazano również, że w większości przypadków w badanych przedsiębiorstwach nie istnieje formalny system zarządzania kryzysowego dotyczący ochrony żywności, a jedynie pracownicy są informowani jak postępować w sytuacji kryzysowej

12

Opakowaniowa ignorancja

Pisarska M.

Recykling

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2002

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nr 10

8-8

PL

1 stycznia 2002 roku weszła w życie Ustawa z 11 maja 2001 roku o opakowaniach i odpadach opakowaniowych (DzU z 22 czerwca 2001 r.) która w rozdziale 4 traktuje o obowiązkach sprzedawcy i użytkownika produktów opakowaniowych. Ustawa nakłada na jednostki handlu detalicznego obowiązek m.in. przekazania swoim klientom informacji o dostępnych systemach zwrotu, zbiórki i recyklingu opakowań, co najmniej przez wywieszenie odpowiedniej informacji w miejscu sprzedaży.

13

Nowe ustawy nowe obowiązki dla przedsiębiorców

Urbaniak W.

Recykling

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2002

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nr 2

8-9

PL

Obowiązujące od 1 stycznia bieżącego roku nowe przepisy dotyczące postępowania z odpadami obejmują szereg ustaw, wchodzących w skład nowego systemu przepisów ochrony środowiska. Szczególną uwagę należy zwrócić na ustawę o opakowaniach i odpadach opakowaniowych, nazywaną dalej ustawą o opakowaniach, która nakłada szereg obowiązków na poszczególnych uczestników łańcucha logistycznego opakowań.