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1

Wearable Biosensor: How to Improve the Efficacy in Data Transmission in Respiratory Monitoring System?

Kanthi M., Dilli Ravilla

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2023

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Vol. 69, No. 1

25--32

EN

Respiratory rate measurement is important under different types of health issues. The need for technological developments for measuring respiratory rate has become imperative for healthcare professionals. The paper presents an approach to respiratory monitoring, with the aim to improve the accuracy and efficacy of the data monitored. We use multiple types of sensors on various locations on the body to continuously transmit real-time data, which is processed to calculate the respiration rate. Variations in the respiration rate will help us identify the current health condition of the patient also for diagnosis and further medical treatment. The software tools such as Keil μVision IDE, Mbed Studio IDE, Energia IDE are used to compile and build the system architecture and display information. EasyEDA is used to provide pin map details and complete architecture information.

2

Microphytobenthic primary production on exposed coastal sandy sediments of the Southern Baltic Sea using ex situ sediment cores and oxygen optodes

Kuriyama Kana, Gründling-Pfaff Sigrid, Diehl Nora, Woelfel Jana, Karsten Ulf

Oceanologia

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2021

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No. 63 (2)

247--260

EN

The shallow coastal water zone of the tide-less southern Baltic Sea is dominated by exposed sandy sediments which are typically inhabited by microphytobenthic communities, but their primary production is poorly studied, and hence four stations between 3.0 and 6.2 m depth were investigated. Sediment cores were carefully taken to keep the natural layering and exposed in a controlled self-constructed incubator. Respiratory oxygen consumption and photosynthetic oxygen production were recorded applying planar oxygen optode sensors. We hypothesized that with increasing water depths the effects of wind- and wave-induced erosion and mixing of the upper sediment layer are dampened and expected higher microphytobenthic biomass and primary production in the incubated cores. Our data partly confirm this hypothesis, as cores sampled at the most exposed stations contained only 50% chlorophyll a m−2 compared to the deeper stations. However, primary production was highly variable, probably due to fluctuating sediment-disturbing conditions before the cores were taken. Due to these physical forces sand grains were highly mobile and rounded, and small epipsamic benthic diatoms dominated, which preferentially occurred in some cracks and crevices as visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The data fill an important gap in reliable production data for sandy sediments of the southern Baltic Sea, and point to the ecological importance and relevant contribution of microphytobenthic communities to the total primary production of this marine ecosystem. Oxygen planar optode sensor spots proved to be a reliable, sensitive and fast detection system for ex situ oxygen exchange measurements in the overlying water of intact sediment cores.

3

Preliminary studies of the physico-chemical properties of basalt rock flour from the Męcinka mine in Lower Silesia

Maliszewski Mirosław

Mining Science

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2021

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Vol. 28

175--187

EN

During prospecting, exploration and processing of basalts, mining waste and fractions which are hard to dispose are produced. Environmental protection and economic reasons make it necessary to manage as much of the extracted mineral as possible. There are various actions taken to use this raw material in many sectors of economy. Increasing the use of the natural soil remineralizer, produced of basalt rock flours, can reduce the accumulation of mining waste. The results of the researches on the physical and chemical properties of basalt rock flour from the Męcinka mine in Lower Silesia are described in this paper. The research was carried out to evaluate the soil remineralizer produced from rock material in agriculture. It turned out that the tested rock material contains significantly lower concentration of heavy metals than can be entered into the soil (lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury). The rock material contains different microelements (Al, Si, S, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba, Mn, Se, Mo), which are important components of cell molecules, necessary for proper growth and development of plants. The pH is alkaline, therefore a soil remineralizer produced from rock flour should be used mainly in acidic soils. The results of the granulometric tests of the rock flour grains showed that the rock material should be ground to a smaller fraction (i.e., 0.063 mm). It was found that adding basalt flour to soil improves respiration of soil microorganisms.

4

Transmission Perspective on the Mechanism of Coarse and Fine Crackle Sounds

Lu Bing-Yuh, Hsueh Meng-Lun, Wu Huey-Dong

Archives of Acoustics

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2021

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Vol. 46, No. 2

289--300

EN

The possibility of a normal distribution indicates that few particles are in the same phase during a breath and their reflections can be observed on the chest wall, then a few explosive waves with relatively large power occurr occasionally. Therefore, the one-cycle sine wave which is simulated as a single burst of the explosive effect phenomenon penetrates through the chest wall and was analysed to explore the reason of the crackle sounds. The results explain the differences between the definitions of crackle proposed by Sovijärvi et al. (2000a). The crackles in the lungs were synthesised by a computer simulation. When the coarse crackles occur, the results indicate that higher burst frequency carriers (greater than 100 Hz) directly penetrate the bandpass filter to simulate the chest wall. The simulated coarse crackle sounds were low pitched, with a high amplitude and long duration. The total duration was greater than 10 ms. However, for a lower frequency carrier (approximately 50 Hz), the fundamental frequency component was filtered out. Therefore, the second harmonic component of the lower frequency carrier, i.e., the fine crackle, penetrated the chest wall. Consequently, it is very possible that the normal lung sounds may contain many crackle-shaped waves with very small amplitudes because of the filtering effects of the chest wall, environment noises, electric devices, stethoscopes, and human ears, the small crackles disappear in the auscultations. In addition, our study pointed out that some unknown crackles of the very low frequency under the bandwidth of the human ears cannot penetrate the airways and be detected by medical doctors. Therefore, it might be necessary to focus advanced electronic instrumentation on them in order to analyse their possible characteristics for diagnosis and treatment of the respiration system.

5

History of fire

Szydło Zbigniew A.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2019

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R. 24, NR 1-2

23--43

EN

The history of fire is an important and fascinating topic, yet it is not covered in any school or university syllabus. In the present article, the author argues a case for its inclusion in chemistry teaching programs. He outlines some key points relating to investigations on the nature of combustion processes and the discovery of oxygen. Details are included for a class experiment with gunpowder, which is suitable for school pupils aged 13 to 15.

6

Estymacja respiracji wykorzystująca pomiar stężenia tlenu w SBR

Piotrowski R.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2018

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Nr 4

138--144

PL

Biologiczna oczyszczalnia ścieków jest złożonym nieliniowym systemem przemysłowym. Jednym z istotnych i kosztownych procesów tam zachodzących jest napowietrzanie ścieków. Z procesem tym związana jest respiracja, czyli szybkość zużywania tlenu przez bakterie oczyszczające ścieki. Jest to jeden z najważniejszych parametrów, decydujący o efektywności oczyszczania ścieków. Niestety koszt zakupu urządzeń do pomiaru respiracji - respirometrów jest bardzo wysoki i w oczyszczalniach ścieków nie są one instalowane. W artykule dokonano estymacji respiracji, w oparciu o pomiar stężenia tlenu w biologicznej oczyszczalni typu wsadowego. W tym celu wykorzystano rozszerzony filtr Kalmana. W badaniach symulacyjnych przedstawiono wyniki estymacji respiracji dla biologicznej oczyszczalni ścieków typu SBR.

EN

Biological wastewater treatment plant is a complex, nonlinear, industrial system. One of the significant and costly process taking place there is aeration of wastewater. This process involves the respiration - the rate of oxygen consumption by the bacteria. It is one of the most important parameter deciding on the efficiency of wastewater treatment. Unfortunately, the cost of buying respiratory equipment - respirometers is very high and in wastewater treatment plants they are not installed. The paper presents estimation of respiration based on the measurement of dissolved oxygen. For this purpose, the extended Kalman filter is used. Simulation results for the biological wastewater treatment plant type SBR are presented.

7

The Relationship between Primary Production and Respiration in the Photic Zone of the Great Mazurian Lakes (GMLS), in Relation to Trophic Conditions, Plankton Composition and Other Ecological Factors

Siuda W., Kauppinen E. S., Kaliński T., Chróst R. J., Kiersztyn B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

303--323

EN

The relation of primary production to respiration and dependence of both processes on various environmental factors were investigated in the surface waters of lakes of The Great Mazurian Lake System (GMLS) during summer seasons 2009-2011. Primary production and extracellular release was determined by 14C method, respiration (dark oxygen consumption) - by Winkler's method. Collected results allow to conclude that: (i) in all studied lakes primary production was primarily cyanobacterial, although in mesotrophic ones participation of eukaryotic phytoplankton in light CO2 fixation was more pronounced; (ii) in mesotrophic part of GMLS primary production was limited alternately by N and P availability and less dependent on N and P regeneration processes, whereas in southern, eutrophic lakes it was primarily fueled by regeneration of biogenic substances from organic compounds and strongly limited by N resources; (iii) although in photic zone of whole GMLS respiration was dominated by heterotrophic bacteria, in its mesotrophic part also participation of other plankton components in respiration processes was significant and, (iv) that in eutrophic lakes planktonic respiration was more dependent on low molecular weight products liberated enzymatically from organic substrates than on organic compounds released by primary producers. The mean production to respiration ratio, which varied from 2.11 to 2.60 in northern, and from 2.05 to 3.67 in southern lakes suggested that during period of investigations photic zones of lakes of both parts of GMLS were net autotrophic systems.

8

Application of biological indicators for estimation of remediation of soil degraded by sulphur industry

Joniec J., Furczak J., Kwiatkowska E.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2015

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Vol. 22, nr 2

269--283

EN

The study was conducted on an experiment established in the area of the former Sulphur Mine “Jeziorko.” The remediation was applied to a soil-less formation with particle size distribution of weakly loamy sand, strongly acidified and with bad sorptive properties (Corg. - 2.0 g kg−1; pHKCl - 4.3; T - 7.0 cmol(+) kg−1). In the particular treatments of the experiment the following were applied to the soil-less formation: flotation lime and NPK; lime and sewage sludge; sewage sludge; mineral wool (5 cm 50 cm−1), lime and NPK; mineral wool (5 cm 50 cm−1), lime and sewage sludge; mineral wool (500 m3 ha−1), lime and NPK; mineral wool (500 m3 ha−1), lime and sewage sludge. Plots prepared in that manner were then sown with a mix of grasses. The control was the soil with no amendments. The analyses of the soil material comprised assays of the numbers of particular groups of bacteria and fungi, and of their biochemical and enzymatic activities. The study revealed that all the wastes applied for the remediation caused an increase in the numbers of the bacterial groups studied (copiotrophic, oligotrophic, cellulolytic, lipolytic), as well as in the respiration activity and rate of mineralisation of cellulose. That effect was the most pronounced in the case of sewage sludge. In treatments in which sewage sludge was applied, an increase was also observed in the numbers of the studied fungi (fungi on Martin medium, cellulolytic fungi, lipolytic fungi) and in lipase activity. Whereas, the application of the remaining wastes resulted in a slight decrease in the numbers of the fungal groups under analysis. Comparing the mean annual values of the analysed biological, physical, chemical and physicochemical properties it was found that the biological properties were as sensitive, and in the case of certain tests (numbers of cellulolytic and lipolytic bacteria, rate of cellulose mineralisation) even more sensitive indicators of positive changes taking place in the remediated soil.

PL

Badania wykonano na doświadczeniu, założonym na terenie byłej Kopalni Siarki „Jeziorko”. Rekultywacji poddano utwór bezglebowy o składzie granulometrycznym piasku słabogliniastego, silnie zakwaszony i o złych właściwościach sorpcyjnych (Corg. - 2.0 g kg−1; pHKCl - 4.3; T - 7.0 cmol(+) kg−1). W poszczególnych kombinacjach doświadczenia do rekultywowanego utworu bezglebowego wprowadzono: wapno poflotacyjne i NPK; wapno i osad ściekowy; osad ściekowy; wełnę mineralną (5 cm 50 cm−1), wapno i NPK; wełnę mineralną (5 cm 50 cm−1), wapno i osad ściekowy; wełnę mineralną (500 m3 ha−1), wapno i NPK; wełnę mineralną (500 m3 ha−1), wapno i osad ściekowy. Tak przygotowane poletka obsiano następnie mieszanką traw. Kontrolę doświadczenia stanowiła gleba niepoddana zabiegom ulepszającym. W ramach analiz w materiale glebowym określano liczebność poszczególnych grup bakterii i grzybów oraz ich aktywność biochemiczną i enzymatyczną. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że wszystkie zastosowane do rekultywacji odpady spowodowały wzrost liczby badanych grup bakterii (kopiotroficzne, oligotroficzne, celulolityczne, lipolityczne) aktywności oddechowej i tempa mineralizacji celulozy. Oddziaływanie to najsilniej uwidoczniło się pod wpływem osadu ściekowego. W obiektach, gdzie wprowadzono osad ściekowy, odnotowano również wzrost liczby badanych grup grzybów (grzyby na pożywce Martina, celulolityczne, lipolityczne) i aktywności lipazy. Natomiast dodatek pozostałych odpadów skutkował niewielkim spadkiem liczby analizowanych grup grzybów. Porównując średnie roczne wartości badanych właściwości biologicznych, fizycznych, chemicznych i fizykochemicznych, stwierdzono, że właściwości biologiczne okazały się równie czułymi, a nawet w przypadku niektórych testów (liczba bakterii celulolitycznych i lipolitycznych, tempo mineralizacji celulozy) czulszymi wskaźnikami pozytywnych zmian zachodzących w rekultywowanym gruncie.

9

Importance of bacteria and protozooplankton for faecal pellet degradation

Morata N., Seuthe L.

Oceanologia

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2014

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No. 56 (3)

565--581

EN

The degradation mechanisms of faecal pellets are still poorly understood, although they determine their contribution to vertical fluxes of carbon. The aim of this study was to attempt to understand the microbial (bacteria and protozooplankton) degradation of faecal pellets by measuring the faecal pellet carbon-specific degradation rate (FP-CSD) as an indicator of pellet degradation. "In situ" and "culture" pellets (provided by the grazing of copepods in in situ water and in a culture of Rhodomonas sp. respectively) were incubated in seawater from the chlorophyll a maximum and 90 m depth, and in filtered seawater. When microbes were abundant (at the chlorophyll a maximum), they significantly increased FP-CSD. In addition, culture pellets had a higher FP-CSD than in situ pellets, suggesting that the results obtained with culture pellets should be treated with caution when trying to extrapolate to natural field conditions.

10

An Analysis of 5.8 GHz Microwave Doppler radar for Heartbeat Detection

Othman M. A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 11

202-205

EN

Non-contact heartbeat detection is one of the current emerging technologies in various fields, especially in health care service. Proper distance and power level is more preferable in a system design to provide better health care monitoring system. The purpose of this paper is to present a filtering technique using Matlab, and the correlation in distance and power level of heartbeat detection based on Doppler Effect principle. An experiment was conducted at 5.8GHz with varied the distance and power level. A comparative study is carried out based on experimental results.

PL

W artkule analizowano możliwości bezkontaktowego śledzenia pracy serca. Zastosowano technikę filtrowania i korelację między dystansem a mocą pozyskiwaną. Do badań wykorzystano efekt Dopplera.

11

Effect of Salinity on Soil Respiration and Nitrogen Dynamics

Zeng W. Z., Xu C., Wu J. W., Huang J. S., Ma T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2013

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Vol. 20, nr 3

519--530

EN

A facility of BaPS (Barometric Process Separation) and indoor incubation experiments were used to determine the effect of soil salinity on soil respiration and nitrogen transformation. The rates of soil respiration, gross nitrification, denitrification, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen concentrations and relevant soil parameters were measured. Results showed that soil respiration and nitrification and denitrification rates were all affected by soil salinity. Furthermore, the effect of soil salinity level on nitrification and denitrification rates had a threshold value (EC1:5 = 1.13 dS/m). When soil salinity level was smaller to this threshold value, the rates of nitrification and denitrification increased with soil salinity while they were reduced when soil salinity level was larger than the threshold value. Moreover, the changing law of soil respiration rate with soil salinity was similar with the nitrification and denitrification rates while the variation tendency was opposite. In addition, the transformation form urea to ammonium and nitrate nitrogen was also reduced with the increase of soil salinity and the reduced effect could be expressed by exponential functions.

PL

Proces BaPS (Ciśnieniowy Proces Separacji) oraz inkubacja pokojowa zostały wykorzystane do określenia wpływu zasolenia gleby na jej oddychanie i transformację azotu. Mierzono szybkości: respiracji gleby, całkowitej nitryfikacji i denitryfikacji, a także stężenie azotu amonowego i azotanowego oraz wartości odpowiednich parametrów gleby. Wyniki wykazały, że respiracja glebowa oraz szybkości nitryfikacji i denitryfikacji były uzależnione od zasolenia gleby. Ponadto stwierdzono, że wpływ poziomu zasolenia gleby na szybkość nitryfikacji i denitryfikacji miał wartość progową (EC1:5 = 1,13 dS/m). Gdy poziom zasolenia gleby był mniejszy od tej wartości progowej, szybkości nitryfikacji i denitryfikacji rosły wraz ze wzrostem zasolenia gleby. Jeżeli zasolenie gleby był większe od progowego, to szybkości te malały. Co więcej, zmiany charakteru zależności szybkości respiracji gleby od jej zasolenia były porównywalne z szybkością nitryfikacji i denitryfikacji, podczas gdy tendencja zmian była odwrotna. Ponadto, transformacja mocznika do amoniaku i azotu azotanowego również zmniejszała się przy wzroście zasolenia gleby, a efekt takiego zmniejszania może być wyrażony funkcją wykładniczą.

12

Analysis of ventilation rate in the office

Kapalo P.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2013

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nr 1(11)

52--57

EN

The aim of the article is to establish the necessary air exchange rate in the room at the principe production carbon dioxide calculation and experiment. There was calculated CO2 produced by humans in the room. Ventilation rate was calculated by several methods and compared with the measured carbon dioxide production.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest określenie niezbędnej ilości wymian powietrza w pomieszczeniu biurowym w odniesieniu do produkcji dwutlenku węgla na podstawie kalkulacji i badań w warunkach rzeczywistych. Dokonano pomiarów ilości CO2 wyprodukowanej przez ludzi w pomieszczeniu. Intensywność wentylacji oszacowano, posiłkując się kilkoma metodami i zestawiono ze zmierzoną ilością CO2.

13

Real working condition of natural ventilation

Rabczak S., Proszak-Miąsik D.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2012

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z. 59, nr 2/II/II

659--668

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rolę wentylacji naturalnej w odniesieniu do poziomu koncentracji CO2 w budynkach mieszkalnych. Omówiono główne założenia działania wentylacji w oparciu o obowiązujące przepisy prawne oraz jej oddziaływanie na odczucie komfortu jak i jej wpływ na zdrowie ludzi.

EN

Role of ventilation on level of CO2 concentration and effects connected to dissatisfy natural ventilation operation in buildings have been discussed. The main assumptions of natural ventilation in habitable buildings according to obligatory Polish law regulations have been presented. The obtained real operational conditions of natural ventilation in buildings have been associated with comfort feeling and effect to human health.

14

Numbers and Activity of Selected Microbial Groups Involved in Carbon Transformations in Podzolic Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge

Joniec J., Furczak J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 1-2

7-24

EN

Laboratory experiments were conducted in two variants, on a podzolic soil amended with the following doses of municipal-industrial sewage sludge: 30 Mg ź ha–1 (1 %), 75 Mg ź ha–1 (2.5 %), 150 Mg ź ha–1 (5 %), 300 Mg ź ha–1 (10 %) and 600 Mg ź ha–1 (20 %). In one of the variants non-sterile sludge was applied, and in the other variant the sludge applied had been subjected to the process of sterilisation in order to determine the contribution of the sludge microorganisms in the transformation of organic matter. After 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months from the application of the sludge, analyses were performed to determine the following parameters in the soils of the two variants: so-called total number of bacteria with low nutritional requirements, so-called total number of bacteria with high nutritional requirements, total number of filamentous fungi, number of cellulolytic fungi, respiratory activity, intensification of the process of cellulose mineralisation, and dehydrogenases activity. The analyses revealed that the non-sterile sewage sludge caused a stimulation of both the growth and the level of activity of the bacterial and fungal groups under study. That effect was usually the strongest at the beginning of the experiment and increased with increase in the dose of sludge applied. The non-sterile sludge had a stronger effect only on mineralisation of cellulose and on dehydrogenases activity, which may indicate participation of sludge microorganisms in those processes.

PL

Badania laboratoryjne przeprowadzono w dwóch wariantach na glebie bielicowej, do której dodano następujące dawki osadu oecieków komunalno-przemysłowych: 30 Mg ź ha–1 (1 %), 75 Mg ź ha–1 (2,5 %), 150 Mg ź ha–1 (5 %), 300 Mg ź ha–1 (10 %) i 600 Mg ź ha–1 (20 %). W jednym wariancie zastosowano osad niesterylny, a w drugim osad poddany procesowi sterylizacji, w celu poznania udziału mikroorganizmów osadowych w transformacji wymienionej materii organicznej Po upływie 0,5, 1, 2, 3, 4 i 5 miesięcy oznaczano w gleby obu wariantów: tzw. ogólną liczbę bakterii o małych wymaganiach pokarmowych, tzw. ogólną liczbę bakterii o dużych wymaganiach pokarmowych, tzw. ogólną liczbę grzybów nitkowatych, liczebnooeć grzybów celulolitycznych, aktywnooeć oddechową, nasilenie procesu mineralizacji celulozy i aktywnooeć dehydrogenaz. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że niesterylny osad oeciekowy spowodował zarówno stymulację rozwoju, jak i aktywnooeci badanych grup bakterii i grzybów. Efekt ten na ogół najsilniej wystąpił na początku trwania dooewiadczenia i nasilał się wraz ze wzrostem dawki odpadu. Osad niesterylny wywarł silniejszy wpływ jedynie na mineralizację celulozy oraz aktywność dehydrogenazową, co może wskazywać na udział w nich drobnoustrojów osadowych.

15

Factors controlling pelagic production and respiration in a shallow polymictic lake

Wielgat-Rychter M., Rychter K., Ficek D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 2

379-385

EN

Shallow lakes, defined as 'nonstratifying', polymictic water bodies are usually eutrophic and highly productive, and more turbid than deeper lakes due to bottom sediment resuspension. Gross primary production (GPP) and total planktonic community respiration (TCR) were measured in a very shallow (on average 1.2 m deep) and large (area 25 km2), polymictic, eutrophic Lake Gardno (Baltic coastal lake, Northern Poland) with the light-and-dark bottle method. The aim was to compare GPP to TCR ratio in the pelagic zone in a course of a year and identify factors governing these processes. Identified factors governing GPP were light conditions and temperature, with Q[10] = 2.23 in the 2-24.5[degrees]C temperature range, whereas TCR was driven by water temperature (Q[10] = 2.15 in the same temperature range) and by organic matter content in water. TCR was correlated with total suspended matter (effect of bottom sediment resuspension due to wind action in a very shallow lake), however not with chlorophyll content. During two-year measurement period (years 2006 and 2007), annual GPP amounted to 402 and 471 g C m[^-2], and TCR amounted to 192 and 223 g C m[^-2] respectively. Lake Gardno pelagic system seemed to be net autotrophic on annual basis; GPP to TCR ratio = 2.1. Part of the organic matter produced in pelagial is probably deposited in bottom sediments decomposed there. Wind induced resuspension increases matter content in water (measured here as TSM content) and thus contributes to pelagic respiration processes (TCR).

16

Relationships between microbial and chemical properties in mine soils reclaimed for forestry

Chodak M.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2010

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Vol. 4, no. 4

27-35

EN

Measurement of several microbial properties is necessary for comprehensive assessment of mine soils. Therefore, the applied methods should maximize amount of acquired information. Objectives of the work were to assess relationships between microbial properties of mine soils and to assess of their dependence on some soil chemical and physico-chemical properties. The measured microbial properties included microbial biomass, basal respiration, activities of dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and urease. BiologŽ assay was used to assess physiological properties of soil microbial communities. The chemical and physico-chemical properties included the contents of C, N and pH in KCl. Spearman correlation was applied to study relationships between the properties measured. Most of microbial properties were correlated with each other. However, the BiologŽ derived parameters weakly correlated with Cmic and enzyme activities what indicates that they bear complementary information on soil microbial communities. Activities of acid phosphatase and urease depended mainly on microbial biomass. Positive correlation between Shannon index based on BiologŽ data and microbial biomass indicates that in the mine soil the physiological abilities of microbial communities increase as increases the microbial biomass.

PL

W kompleksowych badaniach gleb pogórniczych konieczny jest pomiar kilku różnych właściwości mikrobiologicznych, dlatego badane właściwości należy dobierać tak, aby maksymalizować ilość zdobywanych informacji. Celem pracy była ocena współzależnosci pomiędzy właściwościami mikrobiologicznymi gleb poprzemysłowych zrekultywowanych dla leśnictwa oraz ocena zależności właściwości mikrobiologicznych od wybranych właściwości chemicznych i fizykochemicznych gleb. W próbkach gleb zmierzono biomasę mikrobiologiczną, respirację podstawową, aktywność dehydrogenazy, fosfatazy kwaśnej i ureazy oraz właściwości fizjologiczne zespołów mikroorganizmów glebowych, które oznaczono metodą BiologŽ. Ponadto oznaczono zawartość C, N oraz pH w KCl. Do analizy współzależności pomiędzy badanymi właściwościami zastosowano metodę korelacji Spearmana. Większość badanych właściwości mikrobiologicznych była ze sobą skorelowana. Jednakże wskaźniki mikrobiologiczne uzyskane metodą BiologŽ słabo korelowały z biomasą mikrobiologiczną i aktywnościami enzymów glebowych, co oznacza, że dostarczały komplementarnych informacji o zespołach mikroorganizmów glebowych. Aktywności fosfatazy kwaśnej i ureazy zależały, przede wszystkim od biomasy mikroorganizmów glebowych. Pozytywna korelacja pomiędzy indeksem Shannona obliczonym na podstawie wyników analizy metodą BiologŽ a biomasą mikroorganizmów glebowych wykazała wzrost zdolności fizjologicznych zespołów mikroorganizmów glebowych wraz ze wzrostem biomasy mikrobiologicznej w glebach pogórniczych.

17

Komputerowe wspomaganie diagnostyki układu oddechowego człowieka

Kalicka R., Słomiński W., Kuziemski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

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2007

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Nr 23

61-64

PL

Celem pracy jest weryfikacja praktycznej przydatności parametrów modelu procesu respiracji w diagnostyce układu oddechowego. Modelowanie oparto o wyniki badania układu oddechowego techniką oscylacji wymuszonych. Zaprezentowano dwa modele wymiany gazowej: czteroparametrowy i sześcioparametrowy. Porównano estymatę parametrów charakteryzujące osoby zdrowe i osoby, u których stwierdzono zaburzenia układu oddechowego. Wyniki badań porównawczych upoważniają do stwierdzenia, że otrzymane w wyniku wspomaganego komputerowo modelowania parametry respiracji, oraz ich dokładności, pozwalają na wykorzystanie ich do celów diagnostycznych w badaniach dysfunkcji układu oddechowego.

EN

The aim of this study is to verify the usefulness of the forced oscillation technique modelling in respiratory system diagnosing. Two models of FOT measurements have been considered: the four-parameter model and six-parameter model. The parameter estimates for patients with lung diseases were confronted with the parameter values in population of healthy patients. The results obtained showed that the precision and accuracy of the parameter estimates are sufficiently good that the FOT measurements and modelling could be applied for diagnostic purposes.

18

Emisja CO2 z gleb torfowo-murszowych położonych w zasięgu leja depresji wody gruntowej

Turbiak J.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2006

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Vol. 15, No. 2

199--208

EN

The aim of the paper was to determine a CO2 emission rate from peat-muck soils depending on moisture conditions of sites. The studies of CO2 emission were carried out at four experimental sites located in the region of the “Bełchatów” brown coal mine in 2002-2005. In the study period the highest CO2 emission was found at the site supplied with ground water - 851 mg m-2·h-1. At the sites deprived of ground water supply CO2 emission was 4,5, 22,3 and 30,2% lower. It was also found that in the growing season average in respect of precipitation sum CO2 emission at the sites lying within the ground water dezpression cone was higher than at the site supplied with ground water, whereas in dry and very dry years this relationship was reverse. A reduction in a CO2 emission rate at the sites lying within the ground water depression cone resulted from a reduction in respiration intensity of plant roots caused by water deficiency.

19

Mineralization of phycodetritus in water column of the submountain dam reservoir (southern Poland) : simulated experiments

Starzecka A., Bednarz T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 3

247-259

EN

The mineralization (expressed as O2 consumption and CO2 release) of Scenedesmus quadricauda detritus was investigated in homothermal (spring, autumn) and stratified (summer, winter) conditions, using the Micro- Oxymax respirometer. In experiments, the rate of O2 consumption and CO2 release, sedimentation rate and time of mineralization of phycodetritus in water from 2.5, 7.5 and > 17 m depth were determined. It was found that 41% and 100% of detritus carbon (31.4 mg C dm^-3) added to the water could be mineralized in whole water column in time 28 days during spring and 37 days during autumn homothermal conditions. In summer stratification periods 61% of the detritus carbon during 29 days, and in winter 100% during 35 days, could be mineralised down to the depth 18 m. The rate of mineralization of phycodetritus depends on temperature and activity of microflora. The differences in the rate of O2 consumption and CO2 release between particular layers of water and seasons were statistically significant in the majority of cases.

20

Upper Vistula River : response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. 5, Photosynthetic and respiratory activity of seston

Starzecka A., Bednarz T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 2

157-166

EN

From March 1997 to March 1998 the photosynthesis (PhS) and respiration of seston (Rs) and bacteria fraction (Rb) in the water of the Upper Vistula River on the section from 10.9 to 336.7 km of the river course were investigated. Methods applied: PhS - light and dark bottles, Rs - dark bottles, Rb - respiration of bacterial fraction, which was isolated by water filtration. The smallest mean yearly value of PhS (2.1-8.6 J dm^-3 24 h^-1) was found at 10.9 - 36.6 km of the river course and the greatest ones (40.4-42.7 J dm^-3 24 h^-1) at 248.2-336.7 km, in accordance with the size of the river. Rs was the smallest (23.9-28.7 J dm^-3 24 h^-1) between 10.9-45.7 km of the river course (on the rather clean sector) and decisively greater 51.6 J dm^-3 24 h^-1) at 115.6 km, at the most polluted sites. Along longitudinal profile of the Upper Vistula River Rb was equalized and ranged from 20.7 24.1 J dm^-3 24 h^-1, with the exception at 10.9 (spring clean part of the river, poor in seston) and 336.7 km of the river course, where it was 10-20% smaller. The last value might indicated the presence of organic matter easily avaiable to bacteria at this site. Rb constituted from 45 to 78% of seston Rs with the minimal value at 115.6 km of the river course (the most polluted) and its maximal participation at 10.9 km - clean part of the river, rather poor in seston.