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1
Content available Investigations of the Thickness of Protective Coatings Deposited on Moulds and Cores
Jamrozowicz Ł., Kolczyk-Tylka J., Siatko A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2018
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Vol. 18, iss. 4
131--136
EN
This article presents measurements of the thickness of alcohol-based coatings on sand foundry cores and moulds. These coatings were applied using two methods, the dipping method and the painting method. For the purposes of the study, a zircon alcohol-based coating was prepared with three different levels of nominal viscosity; very thin at 10s, average at 20s, and thick at 30s. The coating was applied to a core made of quartz sand and furan resin. The cores were made of sand with three different grain sizes; dL = 0.22 mm – fine sand, dL = 0.33 mm medium sand, and dL = 0.47 mm coarse sand. In the study, the thickness of the coating obtained to the core was measured immediately after application as well as after drying. Additionally, the extent of penetration into the intergranular spaces of the core matrix was measured. On the basis of this study, the impact of the grain size of the core matrix on the thickness of the coating and its penetration into the core was assessed. The thickness of coatings obtained using different application methods was also assessed.
2
Content available Compaction of Cores Made by Blowing Methods – Model Investigations
Dańko R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2018
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Vol. 18, iss. 2
191--197
EN
The results of model investigations of the influence of the blowing process selected parameters on the distribution of the compaction of the core made by the blowing method, are presented in the hereby paper. These parameters were: shooting pressure, shooting hole diameter, amount and distribution of deaerating holes. Investigations were performed using the horizontal core box of the cuboidal cavity and the same core box into which inner inserts were introduced. These inserts were dividing the primary volume into three sectors differing in their direction, introduction conditions and the character of the core sand flow. As the compaction measure the apparent sand density was assumed. The density was determined in five measuring points in case of uniform cores, and in three measuring points in case of cores obtained in the core box with three separated sectors. The apparent density of the compacted core sand in the core box cavity was determined on the basis of the measurements of masses and volumes of samples cut-out from the determined core places by means of the measuring probe. Investigations were performed at three values of the working pressure equal 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6MPa for two diameters of the shooting hole: 10 and 20 mm. During tests the core box deaeration, controlled by an activisation of the determined number of deaerating vents placed in the core box, was also subjected to changes.
3
Content available Assessment of Core Sands Properties in Blowing Process
Dańko R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2015
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Vol. 15, iss. 2 spec.
13--16
EN
The effects of filling the core box cavity and sand compaction in processes of core production by blowing methods (blowing, shooting) depend on several main factors. The most important are: geometrical parameters of cavity and complexity of its shape, number, distribution and shape of blowing holes feeding sands as well as the venting of a technological cavity. Values of individual parameters are selected according to various criteria, but mostly they should be adjusted to properties of the applied core sand. Various methods developed by several researchers, including the authors own attempts, allow to assess core sands properties on the basis of special technological tests projecting the process into a laboratory scale. The developed criteria defining a degree or a filling ability factor provide a better possibility of assessing the core sand behaviour during flowing and core box filling, which indicate the value and structure of the obtained compacting decisive – after hardening – for strength and permeability. The mentioned above aspects are analysed – on the basis of authors’ own examinations - in the hereby paper.
4
Content available Conceptual Design of a Core Making System
Asłanowicz M., Dańko J., Dańko R., Fedoryszyn A., Fulko T.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2013
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Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.
13--16
EN
The paper presents the topics related with the production of small and medium-sized cores by means of blowing methods. The basic information concerning the manufacturers of the blowing machines and the general characteristics of machines offered by them are presented. The basic design of blowing machines are presented with discussions of the theoretical works of Boenisch, Axionov and J. Dańko determining important from the technology point of view sand and air flow parameters including different methods of core box filling factors and the factor eV representing the sand ability to evacuate from the shooting chamber.
5
Content available Characteristic of core manufacturing process with use of sand, bonded by ecological friendly nonorganic binders
Fedoryszyn A., Dańko J., Dańko R., Asłanowicz M., Fulko T., Ościłowski A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2013
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Vol. 13, iss. 3
19--24
EN
Mechanization of the process of core making with the use of inorganic and organic binders is based, almost solely, on core blowing machines. Presently the core blowing machines are equipped with tools and devices that allow for application of different technologies of core making. Cold-box, hot-box and warm-air technologies require that core blowing machines shall be additionally equipped with either core-box pre-heating system or gas purging and neutralization system, or hot air purging systems. Considering the possibility of using varied, the most advantageous technologies of core making, the production of universal core blowing machines equipped with replaceable devices has been undertaken in Poland. The universal core blowing systems allow for mechanization of core making process also with the use of sand, bonded by modern, eco-friendly binder systems. The paper presents selected results-based evaluation of core blowing process showing the scope of conducted design and implementation works.
6
Content available Parameters of the two-phase sand-air stream in the blowing process
Dańko J., Dańko R., Burbelko A. A., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2012
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Vol. 12, iss. 4
25-30
EN
Theoretical problems concerning the determination of work parameters of the two-phase sand-air stream in the cores making process by blowing methods as well as experimental methods of determination of the main and auxiliary parameters of this process decisive on the cores quality assessed by the value and distribution of their apparent density are presented in the paper. In addition the results of visualisations of the core-box filling with the sand-air stream, from the blowing chamber, obtained by the process filming by means of the quick-action camera are presented in the paper and compared with the results of simulation calculations with the application of the ProCast software.
7
Content available remote Diagnostic methods of technological properties and casting cores quality
Dańko J., Zych J., Dańko R.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2009
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Vol. 54, iss. 2
382-392
EN
The presentation of the developed diagnostic methods of technological properties and qualities of casting cores produced by shooting method is the aim of the hereby paper. Special attention was directed towards parameters decisive for the obtained apparent density of casting core sand, its porosity and permeability in cores made of various kinds of core sands. Those factors, of a significant influence for the effectiveness and quality of produced castings, force laboratories to apply simple, fast and simultaneously reliable quality assessment methods, allowing to determine optimal operation conditions of a blowing machine for the given core sand. To determine quality of a core compaction performed by blowing and shooting method, Boenisch and Knauf proposed a complex analysis of several factors. The technological tests, together with the special method for assessing the core box filling ratio FG as well as the equipment suitable for the realisation of this method, were developed. The physical meaning of coefficient denoted as filling ratio FG is useful at assessing of an apparent compactability of various sands in the same core box. Proposed own method of assessment of a core compaction quality is based on the analysis of the filling ability factor of sands, determined by the value of coefficient Kzr which is simplier and better exhibits the influence of a complicated shape of the core box cavity on a sand core compaction. Experiments presented in the article encompass an operational pressure range pr=0.4-0.7 MPa and diameters of shooting nozzles d1=15-25 mm. The examination results obtained by the approximation, of various measurements data from the examined range of variables, done by means of the arbitrarily selected analytical curve of an extended structure similar to the one applied in Aksionov’s works, take into account, for the given shooting machine and kind of core sand, an initial apparent density of loosely poured sands, a shooting pressure pr , and also a diameter of a shooting head outlet d1. The analysis of ultrasound examinations of classic sands and sands with chemical binding agents confirmed the possibility of utilising the ultrasound technique for the development of non-destructive investigation methods of cores assessing the compaction distribution uniformity, strength and permeability. In this aspect the examination results performed for a broad range of working parameters constitute the reference basis allowing for a practical application of an ultrasound technique as a modern alternative diagnostic method assessing the quality and correctness of the employed core production technology.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja opracowanych metod diagnozowania właściwości technologicznych i jakości rdzeni odlewniczych wykonywanych metodą wstrzeliwania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na czynniki i parametry procesu decydujące o uzyskanej wartości gęstości pozornej masy rdzeniowej, jej porowatości oraz przepuszczalnosci w rdzeniach wykonywanych z różnych rodzajów masy rdzeniowej. Czynniki te, mające istotne, a czasami nawet decydujące znaczenie dla efektywności i jakości produkowanych odlewów wymuszają w laboratoriach stosowanie prostych i szybkich, a zarazem miarodajnych metod oceny jakości rdzenia, pozwalających na określenie optymalnych warunków pracy maszyny dmuchowej dla konkretnej masy rdzeniowej. W celu określenia jakości zagęszczenia rdzeni metoda nadmuchiwania i wstrzeliwania Boenisch i Knauf zaproponowali kompleksową analizę szeregu czynników. Opracowana została próba technologiczna i specjalna metoda oceny stopnia napełnienia FG rdzennicy masa oraz aparat służący do realizacji tej metody. Sens fizyczny współczynnika FG wyraża względna ocene skłonności do zagęszczania się w danej rdzennicy różnych rodzajów masy. Zaproponowany, własny sposób oceny realizacji procesu zagęszczania i jakości zagęszczenia masy polegający na analizie wartości współczynnika zapełnialności rdzennicy Kzr , jest prostszy i lepiej eksponuje wpływ skomplikowania wnęki rdzennicy na efekt zagęszczania w niej masy rdzeniowej. Zamieszczone w artykule badania gęstosci pozornej średniej i/lub gęstosci w wybranych rejonach rdzenia, przepuszczalności i porowatości obejmują zakresy ciśnienia roboczego pr=0,4-0,7 MPa oraz zakresy średnic dysz strzałowych d1= 15-25 mm. Wyniki badań opracowane przez aproksymacje licznych danych pomiarowych za pomocą arbitralnie wybranej krzywej analitycznej, o strukturze rozszerzonej w stosunku do stosowanej w pracach Aksionova uwzględniają, dla określonej strzelarki i rodzaju masy rdzeniowej, początkowa gęstość pozorna masy luźno usypanej, ciśnienie strzału pr , a także średnice otworu wylotowego z głowicy strzałowej d1. Przeprowadzona analiza wyników badań ultradźwiękowych mas klasycznych i mas ze spoiwami chemicznymi potwierdza mozliwość wykorzystania techniki ultradźwiękowej między innymi do opracowania nieniszczącej metody badania rdzeni w aspekcie oceny równomierności rozkładu zagęszczenia, struktury wytrzymałości i przepuszczalności. W tym sensie wyniki badań przeprowadzonych dla szerokiego zakresu parametrów roboczych procesu stanowią bazę odniesienia pozwalająca na zastosowanie w praktyce również techniki ultradźwiękowej jako nowoczesnej alternatywnej metody diagnozowania jakości i prawidłowości stosowanej technologii rdzeni.
8
Content available remote Dobór geometrii i materiału rdzenia odlewu szkieletowego o komórkach otwartych
Dziuba M., Cholewa M.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2006
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R. 6, nr 19
95-102
PL
Celem pracy był dobór geometrii szkieletu i materiału rdzenia do wytwarzania metalowych materiałów szkieletowych o regularnych komórkach otwartych. Plan zaprojektowania rdzenia odlewu szkieletowego obejmował: podział rdzenia na najmniejsze powtarzalne elementy, wyznaczenie geometrycznych cech komórek szkieletu metalowego, wytypowanie modelu kształtowego odlewu próbnego. Zaproponowano trzy koncepcje kształtu pojedynczych komórek. Na podstawie analizy geometrii pojedynczej komórki wyznaczono kształt rdzenia. Przedstawiono krystabalitowo - gipsową masę formierską.
EN
The main aim of this work was cell geometry and material selection for skeleton castings. The core design plan enclosed core division into smallest repeateble elements, metal cell geometry determination and idetification of shape model for example casting. Three concepts for elementary cells were presented. On base of elementary cell geometrical analysis the core shape was determined.
9
Content available remote The influence of the protective coating type on thermal deformation of casting cores
Jakubski J., Dobosz S. M., Jelinek P.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2005
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R. 5, nr 15
164--169
EN
The influence of coating type and thickness on sample behavior in high temperature was qualified. The received results of investigations show, that the type of coatings has influence on cores behavior during thermal destruction. The coating thickness has not an effect on changes of cores behavior, during the thermal destruction.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych dotyczące wpływu rodzaju i grubości powłoki na zachowanie się rdzeni odlewniczych w czasie destrukcji cieplnej. Stwierdzono, że rodzaj powłoki wpływa na wielkość odkształcenia cieplnego. Widoczny jest również wpływ rodzaju powłoki na szybkość destrukcji spoiwa. Otrzymane wyniki nie pokazują jednoznacznego wpływu grubości naniesionej powłoki na zachowanie rdzeni w czasie odkształcania cieplnego.
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