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  1. 8 Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
  2. 4 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
  3. 3 Optica Applicata
  4. 2 Acta Geophysica
  5. 2 Archives of Acoustics
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  1. 8 Sawicki D.
  2. 2 Maleika W.
  3. 2 Pałczyński M.
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1
Badanie sieci Massive MIMO o architekturze zorientowanej na użytkownika
Hoffmann Marcin
Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
|
2023
|
nr 4
77--80
PL
W nowoczesnych sieciach mobilnych 6G, wykorzystujących technikę M-MIMO (ang. Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) prawdopodobne jest zastosowanie architektury zorientowanej na użytkownika, w której każdy użytkownik jest obsługiwany jednocześnie przez wszystkie stacje bazowe. W tej pracy taki system został zbadany z użyciem zaawansowanego symulatora, wykorzystującego model kanału z tzw. trójwymiarowym śledzeniem promieni. Otrzymane wyniki pokazują, że architektura zorientowana na użytkownika zwiększa przepływności osiągane przez użytkowników charakteryzujących się najsłabszymi warunkami radiowymi ponad trzykrotnie.
EN
The future 6G networks are expected to utilize large antenna arrays and follow the user-centric architecture, where the user is being served by all base stations. This work evaluates such a system within an advanced system-level simulator, which utilizes an accurate 3D Ray-Tracing radio channel model. Results show that the novel user-centric network architecture can increase the cell-edge users’ throughput by a fold of 3.
2
Content available Modulation Mechanism of Acoustic Scattering in Underwater Corner Reflectors with Acoustic Metasurfaces
Du Jiaman, Peng Zilong, Ge Lili, Lyu Shijin, Zhou Fulin, Liu Yan
Archives of Acoustics
|
2023
|
Vol. 48, No. 4
465--473
EN
Using the tunderwater corner reflector (CR) to simulate the acoustic scattering characteristics of the military target is a new technology to counter active sonar detection. Existing underwater CRs only have the ability to interfere with the acoustic field, but have limitations in acoustic wave modulation. Therefore, acoustic metasurfaces applied on CRs to enhance the ability of acoustic wave modulation has a great application prospect. A fast prediction method based on the Kirchhoff approximation (KA) and the ray tracing theory is proposed to calculate the acoustic scattering characteristics of CR with acoustic metasurfaces in grooves array type. The accuracy of the method is verified by the finite element method (FEM) simulation. The modulation effect of CR with grooves array in different gradient combinations on the structural scattering acoustic field is analyzed. The research shows that the CR with different combinations of the acoustic metasurface has an obvious modulation effect on the amplitude of the acoustic waves and the deflection of acoustic field. In particular, the grooves array in combination with positive and negative gradients has an obvious deflection impact on the scattering acoustic field.
3
Content available Design of external microtextures for efficient light outcoupling in OLEDs with different preferential orientation of emission dipoles
Kovačič Milan
Opto-Electronics Review
|
2022
|
Vol. 30, No. 2
art. no. e141542
EN
External light outcoupling structures provide a cost-effective and highly efficient solution for light extraction in organic light-emitting diodes. Among them, different microtextures, mainly optimized for devices with isotopically oriented emission dipoles, have been proposed as an efficient light extraction solution. In the paper, the outcoupling for a preferential orientation of emission dipoles is studied for the case of a red bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diode. Optical simulations are used to analyse the preferential orientation of dipoles in combination with three different textures, namely hexagonal array of sine-textures, three-sided pyramids, and random pyramids. It is shown that while there are minimal differences between the optimized textures, the highest external quantum efficiency of 51% is predicted by using the three-sided pyramid texture. Further improvements, by employing highly oriented dipole sources, are examined. In this case, the results show that the top outcoupling efficiencies can be achieved with the same texture shape and size, regardless of the preferred orientation of the emission dipoles. Using an optimized three-sided pyramid in combination with ideally parallel oriented dipoles, an efficiency of 62% is achievable. A detailed analysis of the optical situation inside the glass substrate, dominating external light outcoupling, is presented. Depicted results and their analysis offer a simplified further research and development of external light extraction for organic light-emitting devices with highly oriented dipole emission sources.
4
Content available Monte Carlo simulation of SiO2 nanoparticle-coated polymer optical fiber humidity sensor by ray tracing
Kovacevic Milan S., Milosevic Marko M., Kuzmanovic Ljubica, Djordjevich Alexandar
Optica Applicata
|
2021
|
Vol. 51, nr 2
281--288
EN
A fiber optic device sensitive to humidity is detailed and modelled by ray tracing based on Monte Carlo simulation. The device is intended primarily for monitoring humidity in the microenvironment of wounds without removing the wound dressing and thus disturbing the wound-healing process. To produce the sensor, cladding is removed from a segment of its polymer-fiber and mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles are deposited in the exposed zone. This introduces an additional light-transmission loss. The extent of such loss is related to the relative humidity of the environment. Such a relationship, embodying the essence of the sensor’s modulation principle, is examined in this paper by ray tracing based on Monte Carlo simulation. The sensor is explained in detail and its performance is characterised.
5
Content available Vlasov Launcher Diagrammatic Design Using the RT Method
Francik Andrzej, Jaworski Grzegorz, Nowak Maciej, Nowak Kacper
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
|
2021
|
nr 2
57--67
EN
In this paper, a simple and fast method relied upon for designing a Vlasov launcher with a helical cut is proposed. The method is based on graphic interpretation of analytical relationships that link wave parameters (EM field mode) to the launcher’s geometrical dimensions. Using the ray tracing method, a simplified graphic analysis may be carried out. The results obtained are not significantly different from those of rigorous full-wave analyzes. The family of normalized curves that is created in the process greatly facilitates the stage of optimizing the geometrical parameters of the Vlasov launcher.
6
Modelowanie deterministyczne propagacji sygnału w paśmie 28 GHz
Mikołajewski Mateusz, Cichoń Krzysztof
Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
|
2020
|
nr 7-8
184--189, CD
PL
W pracy przedstawiono analizę tłumienia ścieżki wyznaczoną w dokładnym modelu śledzenia wiązki dla pasma 28 GHz w scenariuszu Urban Micro. W tym celu przedstawiono sposób modelowania propagacji radiowej oraz opisano parametry środowiska radiowego. Badania symulacyjne przeprowadzono na przykładzie centrum miasta Poznania w środowisku Altair WinProp. Porównano wartości mocy odbieranej dla różnych wariantów modeli deterministycznych dla LOS i NLOS. Wyniki symulacji odniesiono do wyników pomiarowych.
EN
In this work signal path loss is analysed in precise ray tracing method for 28 GHz and Urban Micro scenario. To this aim, wireless propagation modelling is described and parameters of considered environment are given. Simulations are conducted in Altair WinProp software for area of city of Poznań. In the results, received power is investigated in LOS and NLOS cases. Simulation results are then compared with measurements.
7
Content available remote 15 Years Later: A Historic Look Back at "Quake 3: Ray Traced"
Pohl Daniel, Panneer Selvakumar, Vembar Deepak S., Marshall Carl S.
Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems
|
2020
|
Vol. 21
401--412
EN
Real-time ray tracing has been a goal and a challenge in the graphics field for many decades. With recent advances in the hardware and software domains, this is becoming a reality today. In this work, we describe how we got to this point by taking a look back at one of the first fully ray traced games:``Quake 3: Ray Traced''. We provide insight into the development steps of the project with unreleased internal details and images. From a historical perspective, we look at the challenges pioneering in this area in the year 2004 and highlight the learnings in implementing the system, many of which are relevant today. We start by going from a blank screen to the full ray traced gaming experience with dynamic animations, lighting, rendered special effects and a simplistic implementation of the gameplay with basic AI enemies. We describe the challenges encountered with aliasing and the methods used to alleviate it. Lastly, we describe for the first time the unofficial continuation of the project, code named``Quake 3: Team Arena Ray Traced'', and provide an overview of the changes over the past 15 years that made it possible to generate fully ray-traced interactive gaming experiences with mass market hardware and an open software stack.
8
Zależność między gęstością siatki referencyjnych map RSSI a dokładnością lokalizacji teminali mobilnych w budynkach
Kawecki Robert, Korbel Piotr, Hausman Sławomir
Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
|
2019
|
nr 6
445--448, CD
PL
W prezentowanym artykule omówiono elementy wpływające na wydajność systemu lokalizacji w budynkach wykorzystującego technikę Bluetooth do nawigacji. Przedstawiono wyniki badania wpływu rozdzielczości map referencyjnych rozkładu mocy odebranej na dokładność wyznaczania lokalizacji. Przedstawiono zależność między rozdzielczością map, czasem przetwarzania i dokładnością algorytmów pozycjonowania. Wyniki wskazują, że staranny dobór rozdzielczości mapy może spowodować znaczne skrócenie czasu obliczeń przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu dokładności systemu pozycjonowania.
EN
The presented article discusses the elements affecting the efficiency of the location system in buildings using Bluetooth technology for indoor navigation. The results of the research on the impact of the resolution of received reference RSSI maps on the accuracy of the location determination are presented. The relationship between map resolution, processing time and the accuracy of positioning algorithms is showed. The results indicate that adequate selection of the map resolution can achieve a significant reduction of computation time while maintaining the accuracy of the positioning system.
9
Content available Radary SuperDARN : narzędzie do badania i monitorowania atmosfery Ziemi i przestrzeni wokółziemskiej
Góral Grzegorz
Przegląd Geofizyczny
|
2019
|
Z. 3-4
253--265
PL
Radary SuperDARN powstały jako narzędzie do badań górnych warstw atmosfery i ich związków z magnetosferą i wiatrem słonecznym (Greenwald i in. 1995; Chisham i in. 2007; Lester 2008, 2013). Pracują w zakresie częstotliwości HF, pomiędzy 8 a 20 MHz. Ich zasada działania opiera się na wykorzystaniu rozpraszania Bragga na periodycznych strukturach przestrzennych o skalach odległości porównywalnych z długością fali sondującej. Radary te umożliwiają obserwacje formacji jonosferycznych zorientowanych wzdłuż linii pola geomagnetycznego. W artykule opisano podstawowe bloki funkcjonalne przykładowego radaru SuperDARN: tor nadawczy, odbiorczy oraz system antenowy. Omówiony został sposób modelowania wiązki sondującej. Jedną z kluczowych kwestii przy wyborze lokalizacji dla nowopowstającej stacji SuperDARN jest określenie jej potencjalnych możliwości obserwacyjnych. Można wykorzystać do tego oprogramowanie dokonujące śledzenia dróg propagacji impulsu emitowanego przez radar i określania punktów, w których wektor fali jest prostopadły do lokalnego pola magnetycznego Ziemi. Warunek taki pozwoli na uzyskanie rozproszenia wyemitowanej przez antenę radaru fali z powrotem, w kierunku nadawania. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji dla hipotetycznej stacji SuperDARN, zlokalizowanej w południowo-zachodniej Polsce. W obliczeniach użyto programu do ray tracingu, bazującego na algorytmie Jones i Stephenson (1975) oraz modelu jonosfery IRI-2012.
EN
SuperDARN radars were developed as a tool for testing the upper atmosphere regions and their coupling with the magnetosphere and solar wind (Greenwald et al. 1995; Chisham et al. 2007; Lester 2008, 2013). They work in the HF frequency range, between 8 and 20MHz. Their principle of operation is based on the use of Bragg scattering on periodic spatial structures with scales of distance comparable to the length of the sounding wave. These radars allow observation of ionospheric formations oriented along the geomagnetic field lines. The article describes basic functional SuperDARN radar blocks: transmitting path, receiving path, and the antenna system as well. The method of modeling the sounding beam is also presented. One of the key issues when choosing a location for a new SuperDARN station is to determine its potential for observation. You can use a special software to track the propagation paths of the pulse emitted by the radar and determining points in which the wave vector is perpendicular to the local geomagnetic field. Such a condition will allow to obtain the scatter of the wave emitted by the radar antenna back into the direc¬tion of transmission. The article presents simulation results for a hypothetical SuperDARN station, located in south-western Poland. The calculation were based on a ray tracing program based on the Jones and Stephenson algorithm (Jones, Stephenson 1975) and the IRI-2012 ionosphere model.
10
Content available Formation of Scattering Characteristics for Acoustical Ray Tracing Simulation
Bojičić S., Šumarac-Pavlović D., Mijić M.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2018
|
Vol. 43, No. 4
657--667
EN
Ray tracing simulation of sound field in rooms is a common tool in room acoustic design for predicting impulse response. There are numerous commercial engineering tools utilising ray tracing simulation. A specific problem in the simulation is the modelling of diffuse reflections when contribution of individual surface is prevailing. The paper introduces modelling of scattering which is interesting when the whole impulse response of a room is not a goal but contribution of certain surface. The main goal of the Project is to shape directivity characteristics of scattered reflection. Also, an innovative approach is suggested for converting the energy histogram information obtained by ray tracing into an “equivalent impulse response”. The proposed algorithm is tested by comparing the results with measurements in a real sound field, realised in a scaled model where a diffusing surface is hardware-implemented.
11
Content available remote Point cloud based viewshed generation in AutoCad Civil 3D
Orlof J.
Technical Transactions
|
2017
|
Vol. 12(114)
143--155
EN
We propose a new method for a point cloud based viewshed generation. We start with a brief summary of existing methods for viewshed generation and then present ours based on point clouds. The method is implemented in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Moreover, we present an idea of how to deal with huge point clouds using AutoCAD Civil 3D and how to automatize this process.
PL
W artykule została przedstawiona metoda tworzenia wykresu widoczności na podstawie chmury punktów. Zaprezentowano zarówno znane dotychczas metody wyznaczania wykresów widoczności jak i metodę bazującą na chmurze punktów zaimplementowaną w oprogramowaniu AutoCAD Civil 3D. Omówiono również nowe rozwiązanie problemu przetwarzania dużej chmury punktów za pomocą programu AutoCAD Civil 3D oraz propozycję automatyzacji tego procesu.
12
Lokalizacja pasywna w oparciu o systemy ultra szerokopasomowe w środowisku wewnątrz budynków
Kmiecik J., Kułakowski P.
Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
|
2016
|
nr 6
377--380, CD
PL
W artykule przedstawiono algorytm lokalizacji pasywnej oparty o system ultra szerokopasmowy. Proponowany algorytm na podstawie zmian w transmitancji kanału radiowego wprowadzonych przez lokalizowany obiekt zwraca położenie obiektu. Dla poruszającego się obiektu zaimplementowano filtr Kalmana. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań pokazano, że za pomocą proponowanego algorytmu można osiągnąć dokładność lokalizacji pojedynczego obiektu wynoszącą ok 0,4 m.
EN
In this paper a passive localization algorithm based on ultra-wideband system has been introduced. Proposed algorithm based on changes in channel impulse response introduced by localized object returns its position. For moving object Kalman filter has been implemented. Results of conducted measurements show that by using proposed algorithm localization error of 0,4 m. for single object tracking is achievable.
13
Content available Research on a square Cassegrain-type solar concentrating reflector with a double pyramid
Zhang Y., Yang H., Jiang P., Mao S., Yu M.
Optica Applicata
|
2016
|
Vol. 46, nr 3
461--471
EN
A structure of a solar concentrating reflector is designed in this paper to improve the usage of solar energy. For the dark image which is the result of the secondary mirror in the new type of the Cassegrain solar concentrating system, a double pyramid system is used to improve this phenomenon. By eliminating the dark image, the system enhanced the concentration ratio and the working efficiency. Meanwhile, both the primary and secondary mirrors are shaped into a square section in order to get a better match with a square photovoltaic receiver. While the length of the primary mirror is 89m and the block ratio is 20%, the concentration ratio is equal to 118.86.
14
Content available remote Various Approaches to Forward and Inverse Wide-Angle Seismic Modelling Tested on Data from DOBRE-4 Experiment
Janik T., Środa P., Czuba W., Lysynchuk D.
Acta Geophysica
|
2016
|
Vol. 64, no. 6
1989--2019
EN
The interpretation of seismic refraction and wide angle reflection data usually involves the creation of a velocity model based on an inverse or forward modelling of the travel times of crustal and mantle phases using the ray theory approach. The modelling codes differ in terms of model parameterization, data used for modelling, regularization of the result, etc. It is helpful to know the capabilities, advantages and limitations of the code used compared to others. This work compares some popular 2D seismic modelling codes using the dataset collected along the seismic wide-angle profile DOBRE-4, where quite peculiar/uncommon reflected phases were observed in the wavefield. The ~505 km long profile was realized in southern Ukraine in 2009, using 13 shot points and 230 recording stations. Double PMP phases with a different reduced time (7.5-11 s) and a different apparent velocity, intersecting each other, are observed in the seismic wavefield. This is the most striking feature of the data. They are interpreted as reflections from strongly dipping Moho segments with an opposite dip. Two steps were used for the modelling. In the previous work by Starostenko et al. (2013), the trial-and-error forward model based on refracted and reflected phases (SEIS83 code) was published. The interesting feature is the high-amplitude (8-17 km) variability of the Moho depth in the form of downward and upward bends. This model is compared with results from other seismic inversion methods: the first arrivals tomography package FAST based on first arrivals; the JIVE3D code, which can also use later refracted arrivals and reflections; and the forward and inversion code RAYINVR using both refracted and reflected phases. Modelling with all the codes tested showed substantial variability of the Moho depth along the DOBRE-4 profile. However, SEIS83 and RAYINVR packages seem to give the most coincident results.
15
Content available Novel Tracing Algorithm vs Remcom Wireless InSite
Gotszald Ł.
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
|
2015
|
Vol. 61, No. 3
273–279
EN
Results of comparison between a popular commercial software for radio wave propagation modeling versus prototype implementation of a novel algorithm proposed by the author of this paper is discussed. It is shown that both algorithms lead to very similar results while the new one is faster by a few orders of magnitude.
16
Content available remote Modelowanie propagacji fal elektromagnetycznych metodą ray-tracingu
Nowosielski L., Wnuk M., Siłaczuk M.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
|
2014
|
R. 90, nr 7
218--221
PL
Artykuł dotyczy problemów związanych z modelowaniem propagacji fal elektromagnetycznych w komorach bezodbiciowych. Omówiono modelowanie propagacji fal elektromagnetycznych przy pomocy metody śledzenia promieni. Przedstawiono zależności analityczne wykorzystywane w metodzie śledzenia promieni oraz algorytm programu komputerowego bazujący na powyższych zależnościach. Opisano program komputerowy bazujący na opisanym algorytmie. Przedstawiono wyniki walidacji opracowanego oprogramowania.
EN
The article concerns problems of electromagnetic wave propagation in semi-anechoic chambers. Electromagnetic wave propagation modelling using ray-tracing methodology is described. The analytical equations which are used in ray-tracing methodology are presented. The elaborated program algorithm basing on presented analytical equations is described. The worked out software application basing on the described algorithm is presented. The validation results of elaborated software are presented too.
17
Content available Radiation heat transfer model using Monte Carlo ray tracing method on hierarchical ortho-Cartesian meshes and non-uniform rational basis spline surfaces for description of boundaries
Kuczyński P., Białecki R.
Archives of Thermodynamics
|
2014
|
Vol. 35, no. 2
65--92
EN
The paper deals with a solution of radiation heat transfer problems in enclosures filled with nonparticipating medium using ray tracing on hierarchical ortho-Cartesian meshes. The idea behind the approach is that radiative heat transfer problems can be solved on much coarser grids than their counterparts from computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The resulting code is designed as an add-on to OpenFOAM, an open-source CFD program. Ortho-Cartesian mesh involving boundary elements is created based upon CFD mesh. Parametric non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) surfaces are used to define boundaries of the enclosure, allowing for dealing with domains of complex shapes. Algorithm for determining random, uniformly distributed locations of rays leaving NURBS surfaces is described. The paper presents results of test cases assuming gray diffusive walls. In the current version of the model the radiation is not absorbed within gases. However, the ultimate aim of the work is to upgrade the functionality of the model, to problems in absorbing, emitting and scattering medium projecting iteratively the results of radiative analysis on CFD mesh and CFD solution on radiative mesh.
18
Content available remote Parallel Implementation of Ray Tracing Procedure in Anisotropic Medium
Pieta A., Dwornik M.
TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
|
2012
|
Vol. 16, No 1-2
135-143
EN
This article describes a parallel implementation of a ray tracing algorithm in a heterogeneous anisotropic geological medium. The shortest path method, which was used for calculations, can give ray path and travel time of seismic wave propagation even for a random and discontinuous velocity field. The high precision required in such calculations was obtained by employing a dense computational grid. This led to a significant increase in the computational effort of the algorithm. The procedure was parallelized using domain decomposition. The results show that the parallel performance of the ray tracing procedure strongly depends on the assumed geological method and differs between media with and without anisotropy of seismic wave propagation.
19
Content available Opracowanie symulatora echosondy wielowiązkowej
Maleika W., Pałczyński M.
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
|
2011
|
Vol. 60, nr 3
215-225
PL
W artykule uzasadniono potrzebę stworzenia programowego symulatora echosondy wielowiązkowej oraz symulowania wirtualnych sondaży morskich. Przedstawiono opracowany algorytm działania symulatora oraz wirtualnych pomiarów uwzględniających parametry ruchu jednostki oraz przetwornika. Zaproponowana metoda może być wartościowym narzędziem badawczym w obszarze metod tworzenia DTM oraz w optymalizacji rzeczywistych prac hydrograficznych.
EN
The paper deals with the process of building digital terrain model (DTM) of a seabed basing on multibeam echosounder data. One of the most difficult problems in this area is verification of existing interpolation methods using real data, since the exact shape of the bottom is uncertain. Authors propose introducing the simulation of the hydrographic survey over the high resolution DTM in order to obtain a set of virtual points which can be the source for creating terrain models using different interpolation methods. Such a procedure gives a powerful research tool due to the possibility of simple comparison of the resulting and source terrain models. The algorithm of virtual survey is based on the ray tracing method. Input data consist of the source DTM, description of vessel movement and the echosounder parameters. During each virtual ping, every beam is represented as a ray, which is traced according to sound wave propagation trajectory in order to find an intersection with the terrain model. The coordinates of intersection points are stored as the output of the method. Described algorithm was implemented and the first attempt of its verification is described in the paper. The basis of the research was the set of real data aquired by multibeam echosounder. The high resolution DTM was calculated, the vessel movement and echosounder parameters were obtained as well, then virtual survey was performed. The matter of the research was the spatial distribition of virtual survey points. The results show a similarity of distributions of real and simulated points, including the number of points, distances between them and a beam width. The method introduced in the paper can be powerful verification tool in the area of DTM calculation methods. It will be also useful for the research of the impact of hydrographic survey parameters on the accuracy of resulting digital terrain model.
20
Possibilities of applying the backward ray tracing method for investigations and simulations of radiative heat transfer in systems with optically active media
Gawroński M.
Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering
|
2010
|
No. 61
189-196
EN
In the article the selected methods of modeling radiative energy transfer in participating media were compared. Calculations were performed for furnace chamber filled an absorbing-emmiting gas. Accuracy and duration of calculations using different methods were compared.
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