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1

Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ivosidenib in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study

Chen Minle, Xu Jia, Chen Feifei, Zhou Quan, Wang Shuanghu, Han Aixia

Acta Chromatographica

|

2023

|

Vol. 35, no. 3

227--232

EN

Ivosidenib (AG-120) is an unlisted, but estimated to be valid, oral inhibitor for isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in the phase Ⅰ study of IDH1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. This paper presents the investigation and validation of a rapid, effective, qualitative and quantitative determination method of ivosidenib in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were treated using acetonitrile precipitation to remove protein influence. Then, the supernatant was extracted to analyze plasma concentration traits. In the UPLC system, acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid were selected as a cosolvent mobile phase, applying a gradient elution to isolate compounds in a C18 column. Mass detections were performed on a triple quadruple mass spectrometer in positive ion mode. Electroshock characteristic fragment ionization was used for m/z 583.95→214.53 for ivosidenib for quantitative determination, m/z 583.95→186.6 for qualitative determination, and m/z 492.06→354.55 for IS. The selectivity, linearity, stability, accuracy and precision were verified by reaching the guideline criteria from European Medicine Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 2–2,000 ng mL⁻¹ for ivosidenib in rat plasma with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of at least 2 ng mL⁻¹. Additionally, there was no distinct matrix effect or carry-over phenomenon. The method was successfully established and applied to separate ivosidenib from plasma, with the entire analytical process being performed within 3 min for each sample, which shows high-efficiency and convenience for further studies of ivosidenib.

2

Zasady i dobre praktyki miejskiej deratyzacji

Rajter Grzegorz

Zieleń Miejska

|

2022

|

Nr 7-8

36

PL

Szczury w miastach mogą sprawiać poważne problemy, stąd potrzeba przeprowadzania akcji deratyzacyjnych. Przebieg i charakterystykę tego rodzaju działań omówimy na przykładzie Wrocławia.

3

Pharmacokinetics of palmatine in rat after oral and intravenous administration by UPLC-MS/MS

Li Jianbo, Hu Yujie, Wu Yajin, Feng Tiantian, Wen Congcong, Jiang Xiajuan

Acta Chromatographica

|

2021

|

Vol. 33, no. 1

25--29

EN

Palmatine is a compound with good water solubility extracted from Coptis chinensis, Fibraurea recisa Pierre, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis. Palmatine has good antibacterial activity and mainly used for the treatment of bacterial dysentery, gynecological inflammation, surgical infection, and conjunctivitis. It has anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and cognitive-enhancing activities. In this study, we used UPLC-MS/MS to determinate palmatine in rat plasma, and investigated its pharmacokinetics. Coptisine was utilized as an internal standard (IS), and acetonitrile precipitation method was used to process the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a UPLC BEH C18 column using mobile phase of acetonitrile- 0.1% formic acid with gradient elution. Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ionization was applied. The results indicated that within the range of 1–500 ng/mL, linearity of palmatine in rat plasma was acceptable (r > 0.995), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precision RSD of palmatine in rat plasma were less than 14%. Accuracy range was between 93.7 and 107.1%, and matrix effect was between 101.6 and 109.4%. The method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics of palmatine in rats after oral and intravenous administration. The absolute bioavailability of the palmatine was 15.5% in rats.

4

Determination and pharmacokinetics of calycanthine in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS

Lu Meifei, Lu Xiaojie, Yu Zheng, Wen Congcong

Acta Chromatographica

|

2021

|

Vol. 33, no. 1

91--95

EN

Calycanthine is an important class of alkaloids extracted and isolated from the roots, leaves, flowers and fruits of Chimonanthus praecox. In this work, the UPLC-MS/MS method was used for determination of calycanthine in rat plasma, and the pharmacokinetics in rats were investigated. Midazolam was used as an internal standard (IS), and methanol precipitation method was used to pretreatment the rat plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a UPLC BEH C18 (50 3 2.1 mm, 1.7 mm) column with the mobile phase of methanol- 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution with gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ionization was applied for quantitative analysis, m/z 347.3 → 246.7 and 326.2 → 291.4 for calycanthine and IS, respectively. The results indicated that within the range of 1–200 ng/mL, linearity of calycanthine in rat plasma was good (r > 0.995), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL. Accuracy range was between 90.6 and 109.4%, precision (RSD) of calycanthine was less than 14%. The matrix effect was between 97.9% and 105.4%, the recovery was better than 85.6%. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics of calycanthine in rats after oral and intravenous administration. The absolute bioavailability of the calycanthine was 37.5% in rats.

5

Myszeida - od parteru wzwyż

Nawrot Radosław

Zieleń Miejska

|

2020

|

Nr 2

36--37

PL

Paweł i Gaweł w jednym stali domu, Paweł na górze, a Gaweł na dole. W naszych domach Gawłem są szczury, a Pawłem myszy.

6

Pharmacokinetics of ligustroflavone in rats and tissue distribution in mice by UPLC–MS/MS

Zhou Quan, Zhang Zhiguang, Geng Peiwu, Huang Bingge, Wang Xianqin, Yu Xiaomin

Acta Chromatographica

|

2020

|

Vol. 32, no. 2

102--106

EN

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantification of ligustroflavone, which was then applied in pharmacokinetics study in rat and tissue distribution in mouse. Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats were used for pharmacokinetics after intravenous (2 or 8 mg/kg) administration of ligustroflavone, six rats for each dose. Twenty-five mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (5 mice for each group, 1 group for each time point) and received 16 mg/kg ligustroflavone via intraperitoneal administration. The linear range of the calibration curve was over 2–2000 ng/mL for ligustroflavone in rat plasma and mouse tissues. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed in % RSD were less than 14%, and the accuracy was between 88.5% and 108.4%.

7

Pharmacokinetics of isocorynoxeine in rat plasma after intraperitoneal administration by UPLC–MS/MS

Zhan Haichao, Wei Zhen, Ren Ke, Tong Shuhua, Wang Xianqin, Wu Qing

Acta Chromatographica

|

2020

|

Vol. 32, no. 4

260--263

EN

Isocorynoxeine is one of the main alkaloids in Chinese medicinal herbs, and has pharmacological activities such as antihypertensive, sedative, anticonvulsant, and neuronal protection. It is an effective component of Uncaria for the treatment of hypertension. In this study, we used a fast and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) to detect isocorynoxeine in rat plasma and investigated its pharmacokinetics in rats. Six rats were given isocorynoxeine (15 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. Blood (100 μL) was withdrawn from the caudal vein at 5 and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after administration. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a UPLC BEH C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid with gradient elution. Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ionization was applied. Intra-day and inter-day precisions (relative standard deviation, %RSD) of isocorynoxeine in rat plasma were lower than 12%. The method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics of isocorynoxeine in rats after intraperitoneal administration. The t1/2 of isocorynoxeine is 4.9 ± 2.1 h, which indicates quick elimination.

8

Pharmacokinetic UPLC–MS/MS studies on byakangelicol after oral and intravenous administration to rats

Bao Xi, Huang Bingee, Mao Yiting, Zhang Zhiguang, Zhou Yunfang, Wen Congcong, Zhou Quan

Acta Chromatographica

|

2020

|

Vol. 32, no. 1

49--52

EN

Byakangelicol is one of coumarins from Baizhi and has been shown to inhibit the release of PGE2 from human lung epithelial A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. A sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and full validated for the quantification of byakangelicol in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetics of byakangelicol after both intravenous (5 mg/kg) and oral (15 mg/kg) administrations were studied. Chromatographic separation was performed on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography ethylene bridged hybrid (UPLC BEH) C18 column with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min; fargesin was used as the internal standard (IS). The following quantitative analysis of byakangelicol was utilized in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The samples were extracted from rat plasma via protein precipitation using acetonitrile. In the concentration range of 1–2000 ng/mL, the method correlated linearity (r > 0.995) with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 1 ng/mL. Intra-day precision was less than 11%, and inter-day precision was less than 12%. The accuracy was between 92.0% and 108.7%, the recovery was better than 89.6%, and the matrix effect was between 85.9% and 98.6%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of byakangelicol after intravenous and oral administration, and the absolute bioavailability was 3.6%.

9

Determination of diosmetin-7-o-β-d-glucoside in rat plasma by UPLC–MS/MS

Li Jianbo, Yu Zheng, Han Cheng, Wang Zhening, Hu Yujie, Wen Congcong, Lin Chongliang

Acta Chromatographica

|

2020

|

Vol. 32, no. 4

264--268

EN

In this study, we used UPLC–MS/MS to determine diosmetin-7-o-β-d-glucoside in rat plasma and investigated its pharmacokinetics in rats. Six rats were given diosmetin-7-o-β-d-glucoside (5 mg/kg) by intravenous (i.v.) administration. The blood (150 μL) was withdrawn from the caudal vein after administration. Diazepam was used as an internal standard (IS), and a one-step acetonitrile precipitation method was used to process the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a UPLC BEH C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid with gradient elution. Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ionization was applied, 463.1 → 301.0 for diosmetin-7-o-β-d-glucoside, m/z 285.1 → 193.0 for diazepam (IS). Intra-day and inter-day precision of diosmetin-7-o-β-d-glucoside in rat plasma were less than 14%. The method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics of diosmetin-7-o-β-d-glucoside in rats after intravenous administration. The t1/2 of diosmetin-7-o-β-d-glucoside is 1.4 ± 0.4 h, which indicates the quick elimination.

10

Pharmacokinetics of panasenoside in rats and tissue distribution in mice by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Chen Ruijie, Lu Mengrou, Tu Xiaoting, Sun Wei, Ye Weijian, Ma Jianshe, Wen Congcong, Wang Xianqin, Geng Peiwu

Acta Chromatographica

|

2019

|

Vol. 31, no. 2

146--150

EN

We developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for quantification of panasenoside pharmacokinetics in rat plasma and tissue distribution in mouse. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for pharmacokinetics after intravenous (2 or 10 mg/kg) administration of panasenoside, six rats for each dose. Thirty mice were randomly divided into six groups (five mice for each group, one group for each time point) and received 20 mg/kg of panasenoside by intraperitoneal administration. Calibration plots were in the range of 2–2000 ng/mL for panasenoside in rat plasma and 2–3000 ng/mL in mouse tissues. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of inter-day and intra-day precision was less than 14%. The accuracy was between 89.6% and 110.0%. The AUC(0-t) was 160.8 ± 13.0 and 404.9 ± 78.0 ng/mL*h, and t1/2 of 3.2 ± 1.2 and 4.6 ± 1.7 h, CL (clearance) of 10.0 ± 2.0, and 21.4 ± 2.0 L/h/kg after intravenous administration 2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of panasenoside, respectively. The tissue distribution results indicated that the panasenoside diffuses rapidly and widely into major organs. The level of panasenoside was highest in mouse liver, followed by kidney, lung, and spleen. The overwhelming accumulation in liver indicated that liver was responsible for the extensive metabolism.

11

Determination of RKI-1447 in rat plasma by UPLC–MS/MS and investigation on its pharmacokinetics, an effective ROCK1 and ROCK2 inhibitor

Luo Yue, Li Liyi, Cai Jinzhang, Ma Jianshe, Liu Le, Wang Xianqin, Jin Chun

Acta Chromatographica

|

2019

|

Vol. 31, no. 3

211--215

EN

RKI-1447 is an effective ROCK1 and ROCK2 inhibitor, having anti-invasion and anti-tumor activity. In this study, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) to detect RKI-1447 in rat plasma and investigated its pharmacokinetics in rats. Diazepam was utilized as an internal standard, and an acetonitrile precipitation method was used to process the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with a gradient acetonitrile–water mobile phase (containing 0.1% formic acid). Flow rate was set at 0.4 mL/min. Electrospray ionization (ESI)–tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ionization was applied: m/z 327.1 → 204.0 and 285.1 → 193.3 for RKI-1447 and internal standard, respectively. The results indicated that within the range of 10–2000 ng/mL, the linearity of RKI-1447 in rat plasma was acceptable (r > 0.995), and the lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 10 ng/mL. Intra-day precision RSD of RKI-1447 in rat plasma was lower than 8%, and inter-day precision RSD was lower than 11%. Accuracy range was between 91.6% and 107.1%, and the matrix effect was between 85.1% and 87.0%. The analysis method was sensitive and fast with suitable selectivity, and was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics of RKI-1447 in rats. The bioavailability of the RKI-1447 was 7.3%.

12

Effect of curcumin and pirfenidone on toxicokinetics of paraquat in rat by UPLC–MS/MS

Wang S., Lin Z., Su K., Zhang J., Zhang L., Gao Z., Ma J., Wang X.

Acta Chromatographica

|

2018

|

Vol. 30, no. 1

26--30

EN

The rats were randomly divided into paraquat group, curcumin treatment group, and pirfenidone treatment group. The concentration of paraquat in rat plasma was determined by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method over the range of 10–2000 ng mL−1. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a BEH HILIC (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium formate buffer (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution pumped at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1. Protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used as sample preparation. Compared with the paraquat group, there is statistical toxicokinetic difference for curcumin treatment group and pirfenidone treatment group, AUC(0 − t) decreased (P < 0.05), clearance (CL) increased (P < 0.05) for curcumin or pirfenidone treatment group, and Cmax decreased (P < 0.05) for curcumin treatment group. The results showed that treatment by curcumin and pirfenidone could relieve acute paraquat poisoning in rats.

13

Effect of activated carbon on methomyl poisoning by urine metabolomics base on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Li L., Hu L., Chen B., Dong Y., Lin Z., Wang Z., Wen C., Wang X., Wang S.

Acta Chromatographica

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2018

|

Vol. 30, no. 1

21--25

EN

In this study, we developed a urine metabolomic method by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) combination with biomedical results to evaluate the effect of activated carbon on methomyl poisoning rats. The rats were divided into four groups, methomyl group, two activated carbon treatment group, and control group. According to the biochemical results, it indicated that activated carbon treated rats could cause liver and kidney function changes. According to the urine metabolomics results, activated carbon treatment group (10 min) and activated carbon treatment group (30 min) could be distinguished from methomyl group, and activated carbon treatment group (10 min) could be separated from activated carbon treatment group (30 min) rats, which indicated that the treatment of rats by activated carbon in different time had a different effect. The results indicate that metabolomic method by GC–MS may be useful to elucidate activated carbon treated on methomyl poisoning rats.

14

Determination and pharmacokinetic study of dauricine in rat plasma by UPLC–MS/MS

Geng P., Zhang J., Chen B., Wang Q., Wang S., Wen C.

Acta Chromatographica

|

2018

|

Vol. 30, no. 2

136--140

EN

Dauricine is the major bioactive component isolated from the roots of Menispermum dauricum D.C., a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivative, and has shown multiple pharmacological properties. In this work, a sensitive and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed for determination of dauricine in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of dauricine after intravenous and oral administration in rats. After addition of daurisoline as an internal standard (IS), protein precipitation by acetonitrile was used to prepare samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with gradient elution. An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion mode; multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantification. Calibration plots were linear throughout the range 2–600 ng mL−1 for dauricine in rat plasma. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 13%. The accuracy of the method was between 95.8% and 105.9%. Matrix effect of dauricine in rat plasma ranged from 88.0% to 90.3%. Mean recoveries of dauricine in rat plasma ranged from 91.5% to 95.1%. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of dauricine after intravenous and oral administration in rats. The bioavailability of dauricine was found to be 55.4% for the first time.

15

Wpływ hiperbarii tlenowej na poziom nadtlenków lipidów mózgu szczura

Doboszyński T., Łokucijewski B.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

|

2017

|

nr 1(58)

63--68

PL

Problem toksyczności tlenu i jego wpływu na układ nerwowy jest zagadnieniem ważnym wobec stosowania tlenu i mieszanin oddechowych w praktyce nurkowej., oraz w świetle uderzającego synergizmu działania tlenu i promieniowania jonizującego. Badania poziomu nadtlenków lipidów wykonywano w mózgu szczurów. Zwierzęta poddawano wyczerpującemu wysiłkowi w komorze ciśnieniowej pod działaniem tlenu przy ciśnieniu od 0-3 atn w okresie 2560 minut. Równolegle przeprowadzano badania na zwierzętach znajdujących się w spoczynku. Po wypreparowaniu mózg homogenizowano i oznaczono nadtlenki lipidów metodą Wollmana z TBA. U zwierząt obciążonych wysiłkiem fizycznym w podanych przedziałach czasu, nie stwierdzono odchyleń w poziomie nadtlenków lipidów, w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Wzrost poziomu nadtlenków lipidów stwierdzono u szczurów u których wystąpiły objawy zatrucia tlenowego. Na podstawie powyższych wyników autorzy przypuszczają, że wzrost nadtlenków lipidów mózgu w przypadkach hiperbarii tlenowej należy uznać za daleko posunięty szkodliwy efekt działania tlenu, następujący po uszkodzeniu enzymatycznym oraz zachwianiu obrony antyoksydatywnej komórek. Przy niskich nadciśnieniach tlenu nie stwierdzono odchyleń w poziomie nadtlenków lipidów, w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną.

EN

The problem of oxygen toxicity, and its effect on the nervous system, is an important topic with regard to the application of oxygen and breathing mixes in the pursuit of diving, as well as in the light of the striking synergy between the effects of oxygen and ionising radiation. Studies on the level of lipid peroxides were performed on rat brains. The animals were subjected to exhaustive physical strain in a pressure chamber and oxygen at the pressure between 0-3 atm for the period of 25-60 minutes. Parallel research was conducted on rested animals. Following the dissection, the brain was homogenised and the levels of lipid peroxides were determined using the Wollman method with TBA. In animals subjected to physical effort over the specified time, no deviations in the levels of lipid peroxides were observed in comparison to the control group. An increase in lipid peroxide level was noted in rats manifesting oxygen toxicity symptoms. On the basis of the above findings, the authors presume that the growth of lipid peroxides in the brain in cases subjected to hyperbaric oxygenation should be recognised as a far-reaching harmful effect of oxygen, occurring after enzymatic damage and the violation of cellular antioxidant protection. At low oxygen overpressures, no deviations in the levels of lipid peroxides were noted as compared to the control group.

16

Influence of magnesium on the carcass retention of cadmium in rats

Grosicki A.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2013

|

Vol. 7, No. 2

491--496

EN

The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the bioavailability of cadmium in rats supplemented with magnesium via drinking water. Male Wistar rats divided into 2 groups (25 individuals each) were exposed intragastrically to water solution of cadmium chloride (labelled with 109 Cd) daily at a dose resembling 10 ppm of cadmium in diet. Rats in group I and II were maintained in plastic cages (4 rats per cage) at 22 to 24°C with free access to commercial rodent chow and tap water. Rats in group II were additionally supplemented with magnesium via drinking water (500 mg Mg/dm3). Carcass counting techniques were used to estimate cadmium absorption. The carcass retention of cadmium 109 was counted in a semiconductor german detector (Camberra Packard) with a multichannel analyzer after 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week administration. The rats in the two groups revealed a steady state decline with time in the percentage of cadmium 109 in the carcass. However, rats in group II demonstrated a lower cadmium retention throughout the whole experimental period in comparison to that in rats not supplemented with magnesium. The differences were statistically significant after a 4-week exposure. Unlike the percentage content, the total amount of cadmium in the carcass increased with time of exposure. Results indicate that supplements of magnesium reduce gastrointestinal uptake of cadmium. It may be suggested that the beneficial action of magnesium on cadmium reduction in the body increases with the length of time of the two metal co-administration.

PL

Celem badań była ocena przyswajania kadmu (radiokadm 109) u szczurów eksponowanych na wodę pitną zawierającą dodatkowe ilości magnezu. Szczurom samcom szczepu Wistar podzielonych na 2 grupy zawierające po 25 zwierząt podawano codziennie dożołądkowo za pomocą stalowej sondy wodny roztwór chlorku kadmu (znakowany kadmem 109) przez 1, 2, 3 i 4 tygodnie w dawce odpowiadającej 10 mg Cd/kg diety. W grupie I zwierzęta pojone były wodą z kranu, zaś w grupie II wodę z kranu wzbogacano w chlorek magnezu (500 mg Mg/dm3). Podczas doświadczenia określano spożycie karmy i wody oraz przyrosty masy ciała. Po 1, 2, 3 i 4 tyg. zwierzęta usypiano w atmosferze dwutlenku węgla, a następnie określano masy względne narządów. W tym samym czasie oznaczano także zawartość kadmu 109 w korpusie, z którego uprzednio usunięto przewód pokarmowy z treścią. Pomiary radiometryczne korpusu wykonano za pomocą półprzewodnikowego detektora germanowego (Camberra Packard) wyposażonego w wielokanałowy analizator. Rozmieszczenie kadmu w korpusie wyrażone w postaci procentu aplikowanych dawek wykazywało tendencję spadkową przez cały okres badań w obu grupach zwierząt. W grupie zwierząt pojonych wodą z dodatkiem magnezu procentowa zawartość kadmu w korpusie była wyraźnie mniejsza w porównaniu z zawartością u zwierząt nieeksponowanych na magnez. Po 4 tygodniach różnice były statystycznie istotne. W odróżnieniu od procentowej zawartości całkowita ilość kadmu w korpusie wzrastała wraz z długością czasu ekspozycji. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że dodatek magnezu do diety szczurów zmniejszał przyswajanie kadmu podawanego drogą pokarmową. Warto również zasugerować, że skuteczność oddziaływania magnezu na zmniejszenie przyswajanego kadmu zwiększała się wraz z upływem czasu ekspozycji na oba te metale.

17

Morphological changes in pulmonary parenchyma following ventilation with 20% heliox at an overpressure of 0.5 MPa

Siermontowski P., Pleskacz K., Pedrycz A., Olszański R., Kulig M.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

|

2013

|

nr 4(45)

37--52

EN

Breathing mixes, used both in normobaria in medicine as well as in hyperbaric oxygenation in the course of diving, affect the morphological image of pulmonary parenchyma. The changes are commonly associated with the impact of hyperbaric oxygen. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of factors other than hyperbaric oxygenation in hyperbaric exposure with the use of heliox. The study was performed on rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygenation at an overpressure of 0.5MPa with heliox possessing a 20% oxygen content. The control group consisted of rats subjected to the same air exposures. The exposure times were 1, 2 and 4 hours. After the experiment the animals were put to death and microscopic specimens were produced from their lungs, followed by quantitative examination. Only slight deviations from regular pulmonary histology were observed after a one-hour exposure in both groups. Exposure extension to 2 hours resulted in an increased aeration of lungs in the control group and in parenchymal oedema, as well as an occurrence of intra-alveolar oedema in the group breathing with heliox. These changes were not significantly intensified through an exposure extended to 4 hours with the exception of a growing pulmonary oedema.

PL

Stosowane zarówno w normobarii w medycynie, jak i w hiperbarii w nurkowaniu mieszaniny oddechowe wpływają na obraz morfologiczny miąższu płucnego. Zmiany przypisywane są na ogół działaniu tlenu hiperbarycznego. Celem badań było określenie wpływu innych czynników niż hiperbaria tlenowa podczas ekspozycji hiperbarycznej z zastosowaniem helioksu. Badanie wykonano na szczurach, które poddawano działaniu hiperbarii w nadciśnieniu 0,5MPa z helioksem zawierającym 20% tlenu. Grupę kontrolną stanowiły szczury poddane takim samym ekspozycjom powietrznym. Czas ekspozycji 1, 2 i 4 godziny. Szczury po doświadczeniu uśmiercono, wykonano preparaty mikroskopowe z płuc, które poddano badaniom ilościowym. Stwierdzono niewielkie jedynie odchylenia od prawidłowej histologii płuca po jednogodzinnej ekspozycji w obu grupach. Przedłużenie ekspozycji do 2 godzin spowodowało zwiększenie powietrzności płuc w grupie kontrolnej i obrzęk śródmiąższowy, a także pojawienie się obrzęku śródpęcherzykowego w grupie oddychającej helioksem. Zmiany te nie wzrosły znamiennie po przedłużeniu ekspozycji do 4 godzin, za wyjątkiem narastania obrzęku płuc.

18

Influence of copper on superoxidase dysmutase activities in rats exposed to cadmium

Grosicki A., Kozaczyński W.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2012

|

Vol. 6, No. 1

72--75

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of copper supplements on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the kidneys and liver of rats exposed to moderate doses of cadmium chloride. SOD activities were measured weekly for a period of 28 days. The examinations involved male Wistar rats divided into three groups. Rats in group I were considered the controls whereas rats in group II and III were administered intragastrically for 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d a water solution of cadmium chloride corresponding to 10 mg Cd/kg diet. All rats fed a standard laboratory chow LSM (Agros Motycz, Poland) containing 5 mg Cu/kg except for the rats in group III in which animals were fed an LSM diet supplemented up to 50 mg Cu/kg. The experimental procedure included evaluation of water and feed intake, body weight gains, liver, kidneys, testicles, heart and spleen to body ratio, and hepatic and renal SOD activities measured after 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d exposure to cadmium or cadmium plus copper. Results indicated that SOD activity in cadmium or cadmium plus copper groups changed in comparison with the control values. Supplements of copper increased significantly hepatic and renal SOD activities after 21 and 28 d of exposure when compared to those found in the controls and cadmium exposed rats. Moreover, rats fed the copper supplement diet improved body weight gain in comparison with that in the cadmium exposed rats. Results suggest that copper may stimulate a protective activity against toxic action of cadmium given at doses resembling its concentrations in the areas contaminated with this metal.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu diety wzbogaconej w miedź na aktywność dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (SOD) w wątrobie i nerkach szczurów szczepu Wistar eksponowanych na umiarkowane dawki chlorku kadmu. W badaniach uwzględniono 3 grupy zwierząt: grupę I stanowiły zwierzęta kontrolne, grupę II zwierzęta eksponowane na kadm podawany dożołądkowo w ilościach odpowiadających 10 mg Cd/ kg paszy oraz grupę III, w której kadm podawano tak jak w grupie II, a ponadto zwierzęta eksponowane były na chlorek miedzi podawany w paszy LSM (Agros Motycz, Polska) w stężeniu 50 mg Cu/kg. Stężenie miedzi w standardowej paszy LSM podawanej zwierzętom w grupach I i II wynosiło 5 mg Cu/kg. W doświadczeniu określano spożycie paszy i wody, przyrosty masy ciała, masy względne wątroby, nerek, serca, śledziony i jąder oraz aktywność SOD po 7, 14, 21 i 28 d podawania kadmu. Wyniki badań wskazują, że zatruwanie szczurów chlorkiem kadmu zmieniało aktywność SOD w wątrobie i nerkach w porównaniu z danymi w grupie kontrolnej. Dodatek miedzi do paszy zwiększył statystycznie istotnie aktywność SOD po 21 i 28 dniach ekspozycji na kadm w porównaniu z danymi w grupie kontrolnej i grupie eksponowanej tylko na kadm. Warto także podkreślić, że dodatek miedzi do paszy szczurów zatruwanych kadmem powodował zwiększone przyrosty masy ciała w porównaniu z danymi uzyskanymi od zwierząt karmionych standardową paszą i eksponowanych na kadm. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że miedź może mieć ochronne działanie u zwierząt eksponowanych na kadm drogą pokarmową w ilościach, które mogą być obecne w paszy na terenach skażonych tym metalem.

19

Histologiczna ocena wpływu tlenku azotu na nerki szczura

Pedrycz A., Siermontowski P., Kaczerska D.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2012

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nr 1(38)

211-223

PL

Celem pracy była histologiczna ocena nerek szczura poddanego działaniu egzogennego tlenku azotu. Szczury użyte w niniejszej pracy zostały podzielone na 2 równe grupy. Zwierzęta z grupy doświadczalnej otrzymywały L-argininę - 40mg/kg masy ciała per os, co drugi dzień przez 2 tygodnie i zostały dekapitowane po 3 tygodniach doświadczenia. Szczury z grupy kontrolnej dostawały 2ml wody destylowanej per os co drugi dzień i zostały dekapitowane po 3 tygodniach doświadczenia. Z wycinków nerek pobranych do analizy robiono preparaty, które barwiono Hematoksyliną i Eozyną. Preparaty oglądano pod mikroskopem świetlnym i opisano. Obliczono również indeks apopotozy, a wyniki badań poddano ocenie statystycznej Badania wykazały, że L-arginina jako prekursor egzogennego tlenku azotu podana samicom szczura w dawce uważanej za bezpieczną dla matki i płodu, wywołuje nasiloną apoptozę komórek nabłonka nerek, obserwowaną pod mikroskopem świetlnym i potwierdzoną istotnym statystycznie wzrostem indeksu apoptozy.

EN

The aim of the study was to prepare histological evaluation of rat’s kidneys exposed to exogenous nitric oxide. Rats used in the research were divided into 2 even groups. The animals in the experimental group received L-Arginine --40mg/kg of the body weight, per os, every other day for 2 weeks and were decapitated after 3 weeks of the experiment. The rats in the control groups received 2ml of distilled water, per os, every other day and were decapitated after 3 weeks following the experiment commencement. The preparations for analysis were made on the basis of kidney segments stained with haematoxylin and eosin. They were then studied with an optic microscope and characterised. Also, an apoptosis index was calculated and the research results were subjected to statistical evaluation. The study results showed that L-arginine served to rat females as a precursor to exogenous nitric oxide, in a dosage thought to be safe for the mother and foetus, induced intensified apoptosis of the renal epithelial cells, as it was observed with the use of an optic microscope and confirmed by a statistically significant increase in the apoptosis index value.

20

Motor unit contractions evoked by stimulation with variable interpulse intervals

Krutki P., Celichowski J., Raikova R.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 32, no. 3

29-42

EN

During natural contractions motor units (MUs) are activated by variable frequency discharge patterns of motoneurones. The aim of this review was (1) to discuss differences between tetanic contractions developed at constant and random frequencies of pulses; (2) to show results of mathematical decomposition of these tetani into series of twitch-shaped responses to individual pulses; (3) to indicate that it is possible to predict the tetanic force of a MU with high accuracy by using regression equations derived on a basis of the relationships between the parameters of the decomposed twitches and the force level at which the next response begins.