Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Energy efficiency in rail vehicles: analysis of contemporary technologies in reducing energy consumption

Skobiej Kinga

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2023

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Nr 3-4

64--70

EN

The article focuses on the problem of energy intensity in rail vehicles and analyzes current technologies aimed at reducing it. The author discusses innovations and strategies aimed at increasing energy efficiency in rail transportation. He also outlines the challenges of reducing energy consumption in this sector and future development prospects. The main focus of the article is on the problem of energy demand in rail vehicles, with a special emphasis on railroads. The author analyzes the current challenges of high energy consumption in rail transportation and presents various technologies that have been introduced to minimize this consumption. The article includes descriptions of technological innovations such as advanced energy management systems, efficient braking systems that recover energy, and the use of low aerodynamic drag materials. The author also discusses strategies to improve the energy efficiency of rail vehicles, including both existing ones and those planned for market introduction. One of the key points of the article is also a presentation of the challenges of reducing energy consumption in the rail sector. These include the need to adapt existing infrastructure, the financial aspects of introducing new technologies, and acceptance by consumers and operators, among others.

2

Determination of dynamic parameters of a tram wheel parts in a numerical and experimental modal analysis

Milewicz Julia, Kołodziejczak Krzysztof, Nowakowski Tomasz, Szymański Grzegorz M.

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

119--137

EN

The analysis of dynamic parameters finds effective application in processes related to the assessment of the technical condition of machines. Mass transport vehicles are particularly sensitive to maintaining an appropriate level of traffic safety through relevant design and diagnostics. The combination of numerical and experimental methods increases the efficiency of modal properties investigations, which can be used as diagnostic parameters. During the research, the authors performed a numerical model of a system composed of a rim and an inner disc of a wheel fitted in a Konstal 105Na tram, widely used in many polish cities and frequently subjected to repair and renovation processes. The Time Response analysis in SOLIDWORKS (also called Modal Time History) was then conducted, resulting in obtaining information about object vibration response in time domain to the impulsive excitation at given points. These signals were then processed in MATLAB aiming at determining the frequencies of natural vibration and damping ratios. The processing parameters in MATLAB were corresponding to the analysis settings of the experimental measurement, carried out within the BK Connect environment, with an impact modal hammer and piezoelectric transducers. When analyzing the experimental measurements, the authors applied Fast Fourier Transformation, Frequency Response Function and Complex Mode Indicator Function (the theoretical basis of which and practical sense of application were also presented in the paper). Finally, the results of the experiment were compared with simulation outcomes. This comparison allowed the obtainment of frequency characteristics of the vibration response to the impact and the determination of the dynamic parameters of the actual object. Six frequencies of natural vibrations were determined in the frequency range of 0 to 3000 Hz, as well as their damping ratios and autocorrelation indicators between modes. Similarities and potential sources of differences between the numerical and the experimental results were identified and explained, followed by conclusions on the practical application of the presented research methodology in the industry.

3

Examination of selected geometrical parameters of wheelsets of electric multiple unit

Grzywna Maciej, Szkoda Maciej

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 2

161--174

EN

The aim of the work is to investigate changes in the values of selected geometrical parameters of electric multiple unit (EMU) wheelsets as a function of mileage. Based on the conducted analysis of the literature, it was found that the problem of proper diagnostics and maintenance of wheelsets, as an element that directly affects the level of safety of railway vehicle traffic, is very up-to-date and justified. This work presents the characteristics of the geometrical parameters of the wheelset that were subjected to the tests. According to the terminology of EN 13715:2020-12, the geometrical parameters of the wheelset subjected to tests were characterized. As part of the research work, data from measurements of the values of the main geometrical parameters of the outer contour of the wheelsets were collected and systematized from 204 measurement sheets of vehicles. Data were collected from specially developed registers and databases. The research and analyses confirm the existence of a correlation between changes in the values of diagnostic characteristics of flange thickness and height and flange steepness as a function of kilometrage. The intensity of wheel rim wear changes depending on the conditions under which the vehicle is operated. The wheelsets’ diagnostic characteristics were not fully predictable, which makes it difficult to forecast their future values. Based on the obtained results, actions that increase the durability of the wheels were proposed. For example, it is reasonable to assign vehicles to different routes so that the wheel rims wear evenly, eliminating the need for the subsequent accumulation of repairs and wheelset replacements before repair at the P4 level. Moreover, it is advisable to undertake work on the change of identification of basic individual primary characteristics of the wheel’s external contour into primary characteristics of a collective nature. As a result of such action, it is possible o indicate the probability of occurrence of non-uniformity of values of diagnostic characteristics on the wheel circumference could be limited and the phenomenon of occurrence of measurement errors could be minimized.

4

Energy flow analysis based on a simulated drive of a hybrid locomotive powered by fuel cells

Pielecha Ireneusz, Dimitrov Radostin, Mihaylov Veselin

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2022

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Nr 1-2

68--76

EN

Implementation of hybrid drives in rail vehicles is a solution aimed at limiting the negative environmental impact of transport. The use of fuel cell systems is a contemporary trend in the development of locomotives. The paper presents an energy flow analysis in a hybrid locomotive powered using fuel cells. The parallel hybrid drive system consisted of fuel cells, batteries and an electric motor. The simulations and analyzes were performed with the use of AVL Cruise M software. A simulated route, with a length of approximately 300 km, was used as basis for the analysis, taking into account a typical speed profile of a locomotive in passenger traffic. The energy flow and consumption values were estimated, and mean hydrogen consumption values were determined.

5

Modern combustion-electric PowerPack drive system design solutions for a hybrid two-unit rail vehicle

Far Mariusz, Gallas Dawid, Urbański Patryk, Woch Aleksandra, Mieżowiec Kuba

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 3

80--87

EN

The article presents an innovative solution of a two-unit rail vehicle system for passanger transport with a dual-drive, diesel engine and electric motor. The vehicle was designed as a combination of two units, one dedicated to each of the two drive systems, where one unit provides electric drive while the other a combustion engine. The selection of engine and drive components was presented along with the aftertreatment systems used in the design. The provided solution was created in response to the dynamic needs of rail vehicle operators in the European Union who aim to reduce exhaust emissions without compomising the reach of the existing rail networks.

6

Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions

Kamińska Michalina, Kołodziejek Daniel, Szymlet Natalia, Fuć Paweł, Grzeszczyk Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 2

10--17

EN

The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamometers. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for assessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates. Additionally, the paper presents examples of locomotive exhaust emission tests in real operating conditions. The aim of the measurements was to assess the emission of toxic compounds against the relevant standards. The subject of the research was a diesel locomotive type T448.P equipped with a modernized internal combustion engine.

7

An evaluation method of preventive renewal strategies of railway vehicles selected parts

Lewandowski Jakub, Młynarski Stanisław, Pilch Robert, Smolnik Maksymilian, Szybka Jan, Wiązania Grzegorz

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 4

678--684

EN

The aim of the work was to develop a method of verification of the preventive renewal strategies, which enables a simulation evaluation of the effects of the application of a specific schedule of inspections of parts that are important in the operation of complex renewable technical objects. Using it requires having an already established schedule of inspections, and the result of applying the method is determined by indicators that assess the usefulness of the strategy, even before implementation. The developed computational tool was used to evaluate the renewal strategy of the current collector contact plates. Based on the real operational data, several renewal intervals were considered, determining the frequency of events involving the plate covering a specific mileage, from exceeding the wear control limit value to the next inspection (replacement). The proposed verification method is an important tool for testing and planning technical inspections for systems and elements with planned wear, and parts are periodically replaced.

8

Application of the FMEA method for the risk assessment in raliway transport according to the requirements of PN-EN IEC 60812:2018-12 standard

Szkoda Maciej, Kaczor Grzegorz

Journal of KONBiN

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2020

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Vol. 50, iss. 2

1--17

EN

The paper presents the procedure of performing the safety assessment using the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) method, according to the latest version of the PN-EN IEC 60812:2018 standard. The attention was paid to the application of the method for the assemblies and subassemblies of rail vehicles, for which it is increasingly used. The example used in the following paper refers to the fire protection system of a rail vehicle that meets the requirements of the PN-EN IEC 60812:2018 standard. Performing the risk assessment at the design stage of railway products is a part of the customer’s requirements and is a key factor in the certification and placing them in service.

PL

W artykule opisano procedurę postępowania podczas oceny ryzyka z zastosowaniem analizy przyczyn i skutków uszkodzeń FMEA, zgodnie z najnowszym wydaniem normy PN-EN IEC 60812:2018. W pracy zwrócono uwagę na zastosowanie analizy dla zespołów i podzespołów pojazdów szynowych, w przypadku których jest ona coraz częściej wykorzystywana. Przykład zastosowania metody FMEA przedstawiono dla systemu kontroli i ograniczenia rozprzestrzeniania się pożaru pojazdu szynowego, spełniającego wymagania normy PN-EN IEC 60812:2018. Wykonywanie oceny ryzyka na etapie projektowania podzespołów pojazdów kolejowych jest kluczowym czynnikiem w procesie certyfikacji i wprowadzenia do eksploatacji.

9

Medcom: nowoczesne rozwiązania dla transportu szynowego

Kozłowska Małgorzata

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2019

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R. 26, nr 7-8

37--38

PL

Podczas kolejowych targów Trako w Gdańsku, firma Medcom zaprezentuje innowacyjne rozwiązania energoelektroniczne dla transportu szynowego oraz rynku autobusów elektrycznych. Dodatkowo na torach wystawienniczych będzie można zobaczyć aż 4 pojazdy wyposażone w energoelektronikę Medcomu.

EN

During the Trako railway fair in Gdańsk, Medcom will present innovative power electronics solutions for rail transport and the electric bus market. In addition, as many as 4 vehicles equipped with Medcom power electronics will be presented on the exhibition tracks.

10

Kierunki rozwoju elektrycznych zespołów trakcyjnych

Grzywna Maciej

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2019

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nr 5

21--28

PL

Na przestrzeni lat wykształcił się wyraźny podział kolejowych przewozów pasażerskich na trzy segmenty, które warunkują zastosowanie odpowiednich rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych spełniających warunki eksploatacyjne, zmienne w zależności od hierarchii danego segmentu przewozowego. Współczesne pojazdy charakteryzują się wysokim bezpieczeństwem, napędem rozproszonym na całej długości pojazdu, modułową budową, niewielką masą własną, małą energochłonnością, odpowiednią dostępnością dla osób o ograniczonej możliwości poruszania się oraz zgodnością z odpowiednimi podsystemami TSI. Widoczna jest tendencja do wytwarzania rodzin pojazdów w jak największym stopniu uniwersalnych, wyposażonych w standaryzowane podzespoły, które przy niewielkich nakładach finansowych można dostosować do wymagań konkretnego zamówienia. Pomimo dostępnych na rynku rozwiązań, część podmiotów, zamawiając elektryczne zespoły trakcyjne, niepoprawnie formułuje SIWZ, w wyniku czego dostarczane pojazdy wyposażone są w niewłaściwe podzespoły, aranżacja ich wnętrza utrudnia wymianę pasażerów w trakcie postojów handlowych, a samo rozmieszczenie aparatury wpływa na wydłużenie czasu obsługiwania i przez to powoduje wzrost wysokości kosztów, w tym utrzymania kosztownej rezerwy taborowej. Niewystarczające badania popytu na usługi transportowe skutkują zakupem jednostek o niewłaściwej pojemności, przez co w późniejszych latach konieczne jest ich zestawianie w trakcji wielokrotnej.

EN

Over the years, a clear division of rail passenger transport into three segments has developed, which condition the application of appropriate construction solutions that meet the variable operating conditions depending on the hierarchy of transport segment. Modern vehicles are characterized by high safety, distributed drive along the entire length of the vehicle, modular construction, low own weight, low energy consumption, adequate accessibility for people with reduced mobility and compliance with the relevant TSI subsystems. There is a tendency to produce vehicle families as universal as possible, equipped with standardized components, which can be adapted to the requirements of a specific order with a small financial outlay. Despite the solutions available on the market, some entities ordering electric multiple units incorrectly formulate the TOR, as a result of which delivered vehicles are equipped with wrong components, an arrangement of their interior makes it difficult to exchange passengers during commercial stops, and the same arrangement of the equipment affects the length of service and thus causes increase in costs, including maintenance of an expensive rolling stock reserve. Insufficient research on the demand for transport services results in the purchase of units with improper capacity, which means that in next years it is necessary to combine them in multiple traction.

11

Prediction of thickness of pantograph contact strips using Artificial Neural Networks

Kuźnar Małgorzata

Technical Transactions

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2019

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Vol. 116, iss. 12

173--180

EN

The sliding strip of the current collector (pantograph) of a rail vehicle is an element directly cooperating with the catenary and is exposed to abrasion, electric discharge and various types of damage. It is therefore the most frequently replaced element. However, often sliding strips are exchanged before exceeding the limit thickness value, which increases the costs related to technical maintenance. Because the wear process is dependent on many factors, heuristic methods are necessary to predict the thickness of the sliding strip. Knowing the predicted thickness value, it will be possible to adapt the maintenance cycle. In the article, the results of simulations carried out based on the developed structure of the artificial neural network are also presented.

PL

Nakładka ślizgowa odbieraka prądu pojazdu szynowego jest elementem bezpośrednio współpracującym z siecią trakcyjną w związku, z czym narażona jest na zużycie ścierne, elektroerozyjne oraz różnego rodzaju uszkodzenia. Jest, zatem elementem najczęściej wymienianym. Często jednak nakładki wymieniane są przed przekroczeniem granicznej wartości grubości, co zwiększa koszty związane z obsługą techniczną. Ponieważ proces zużycia jest zależny od wielu czynników, dlatego do predykcji grubości nakładki ślizgowej niezbędne jest zastosowanie metod heurystycznych. Znając prognozowaną wartość grubości, możliwe będzie odpowiednie dostosowanie cyklu utrzymania. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji przeprowadzonych na podstawie opracowanej struktury sztucznej sieci neuronowej.

12

Correlation between the main diagnostic features of rail vehicles’ wheel profiles in the operational period

Brzeźny Andrzej, Potępa Piotr, Sowa Andrzej

Problemy Kolejnictwa

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2019

|

Z. 183

99--105

EN

The paper is dedicated to correlations between the main diagnostic features utilised for assessing the wear of wheel tyre running treads and the wear of wheel flanges. The paper focuses on analysis of the correlations between these features in the period between the mounting of new wheel tyres or new monoblock wheels in a given wheelset up to their replacement. The wheels of Electric Multiple Units and shunting locomotives were the objects of the research. The measurement data obtained from a domestic railway undertaking contain, however, many errors. It was noted that in some cases the measured values were put in the wrong places on the measurement cards. It is also possible that in some cases the wheel surfaces were not prepared properly for measurements. For those reasons, only some data, for which there were no doubts regarding credibility, were chosen. Those data were appropriate for determining the trend line equations, which depict an overview of how the values of the diagnostic features are correlated with each other. The obtained functions of the characteristics of the changes in the diagnostic features as well as calculated Pearson correlation coefficients show that there is a significant correlation between those features. This is not dependent on the significantly different operational conditions of the groups of tested rail vehicles. Conclusions on the existence of significant correlations between the tested features can be used for the creation of innovative solutions dedicated for wheel diagnostics of rail vehicles. This especially applies to the design of analytical functions, which could be used for real time verification of the correctness of the measurement results.

13

Modelling of the Noise Propagation During the Passage of a Railway Vehicle

Szymański Grzegorz Marek, Borwin Marta

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 71, No 2

45--57

EN

The paper presents the process of modeling the phenomenon of noise propagation generated during the passage of a railway vehicle as a function of distance from the sound source. The basis for the development of models of sound propagation was experimental research. The experiment was conducted in the so-called "zero point", i.e. the location on a section of the route, where a railway road transforms from a embankment into a ditch and vice versa. For the cross-section at the location at the "zero" location, a model was developed which most faithfully reproduces the analysed phenomenon in real conditions.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proces modelowania zjawiska propagacji hałasu generowanego podczas przejazdu pojazdu kolejowego w funkcji odległości od źródła dźwięku. Podstawą do opracowania modeli proragacji dźwięku były badania eksperymentalne. Eksperyment przeprowadzono w tak zwanym miejscu „zerowym”, czyli usytuowaniu na odcinku szlaku, gdzie droga kolejowa przechodzi z nasypu w przekop i na odwrót. Dla przekroju w lokalizacji w miejscu „zerowym”, opracowano model, który najwierniej odwzorowuje analizowane zjawisko w rzeczywistych warunkach.

14

The problem of reliability allocation in the subassemblies of rail vehicles

Szkoda Maciej, Kaczor Grzegorz, Satora Magdalena

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 2

199--218

EN

The following paper concerns an application of reliability allocation as a method for achieving the desired level of reliability for a selected subassembly of a type 6Dg diesel locomotive. On the basis of real operational data for the investigated vehicle, a decision model was developed to solve the allocation problem. It was demonstrated that the locomotive’s reliability may be improved by replacing the individual components in the braking and pneumatic system with components of higher reliability or by using additional equivalent parallel components in the reliability-wise configuration.

PL

Tematem artykułu jest zastosowanie alokacji niezawodności jako metody umożliwiającej osiągnięcie wymaganego poziomu niezawodności wybranego podzespołu pojazdu szynowego. Na podstawie rzeczywistych danych eksploatacyjnych zgromadzonych dla lokomotywy spalinowej typu 6Dg opracowano model decyzyjny do rozwiązania zagadnienia alokacji. Wykazano, że zwiększenie niezawodności układu hamulcowego i pneumatycznego może nastąpić poprzez zastąpienie poszczególnych elementów o wyższej niezawodności lub poprzez zastosowanie dodatkowych elementów rezerwowych w strukturze tego układu.

15

Reliability as an element of process in managing a fleet of railway vehicles

Graboń-Chałupczak Marzena

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 4

265--280

EN

Safe and economical devices, which are constantly growing in demand, lead to improvement of operational strategies applied in railway enterprises. Economic analysis and safety, and hence reliability and readiness, are the most important parameters in the operation of railway vehicles. The article presents a strategy for maintaining railway vehicles based on reliability indicators. The strategy was verified based on empirical research in a transport company.

PL

Bezpieczne i ekonomiczne urządzenia, na które wciąż rośnie zapotrzebowanie, prowadzą do doskonalenia strategii eksploatacyjnych stosowanych w przedsiębiorstwach kolejowych. Analiza ekonomiczna i bezpieczeństwo, a co za tym idzie niezawodność i gotowość, to najważniejsze parametry w procesie eksploatacji pojazdów kolejowych. W artykule przedstawiono strategię utrzymania pojazdów kolejowych opartą na wskaźnikach niezawodnościowych. Strategię zweryfikowano w oparciu o badania empiryczne w przedsiębiorstwie transportowym.

16

Modern drive systems of rail vehicles

Andrzejewski Maciej, Pielecha Ireneusz, Merkisz Jerzy, Świechowicz Robert, Nowak Mateusz

Combustion Engines

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2019

|

R. 58, nr 3

76--81

EN

Rail vehicles are one of the sources of environmental pollution in the transport sector. Therefore, it is necessary to equip these vehicles with modern drive systems. This article concerns the issues of contemporary and future-oriented solutions of drive systems used in rail vehicles. The article analyzes energy storage possibilities including: electrochemical, mechanical and hydraulic accumulators. The conducted analyzes have taken into account the importance of how frequently they charge up, which dictates their possible applications. Characteristics of hybrid drive systems were presented, with particular emphasis on parallel systems of: hydrostatic, flywheels and electrochemical batteries. The analysis of energy flow control strategies in hybrid drive systems of railway vehicles has been made. In the summary, a solution was chosen that resulted in high conversion efficiency of the energy extracted from the vehicle's wheels.

17

Legal conditions in the aspect of pollutant emissions from exhaust systems of rail vehicles engines

Merkisz J., Pielecha I., Andrzejewski M., Daszkiewicz P., Stawecki W.

Journal of KONES

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2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 1

257--264

EN

One of the main objectives of the European transport policy is to increase the share of alternative modes of transport – revitalization of rail transport, promotion of water transport and development of intermodal transport, which will help to reduce the dominance of road transport. The adverse impact of transport can be felt both in the natural environment and in society, where the dynamic development of this sector has enabled significant civilization development, with the effects varying depending on the level of economic development, the degree of advancement and use of the various transport sectors, geographical location (including climate), and also the sensitivity of the elements of the environment. Considering contemporary transport hazards, it is important to prevent them from occurring, and when that is not possible – limiting their impact on the environment and reducing the scale and extent of negative impacts. The impact of rail transport on the environment and safety is much lower compared to road transport. The impact of rail transport on the environment mainly comes from the emission of noise and vibration, pollution (from diesel locomotives) and land occupation. The article presents information on the current legal conditions regarding the emission of pollutants from rail vehicles. Information with reference to research tests and emission limit values was included. The subject of tests in real traffic conditions was also mentioned as the direction of changes in vehicle homologation tests.

18

Złożoność półgrup charakterystycznych iloczynów prostych „AG ” automatów asynchronicznych silnie spójnych ustalonych analogów rozszerzeń związanych z izomorfizmami DFASC2

Bocian S.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

|

R. 19, nr 6

1007--1011, CD

PL

W artykule przedstawiono i przeprowadzono dowód na wyznaczenie złożoności półgrup charakterystycznych iloczynów prostych „AG” automatów asynchronicznych silnie spójnych ustalonych analogów rozszerzeń związanych z izomorfizmami DFASC2(deterministic finite asynchronous strongly connected). Półgrupa charakterystyczna automatu ingeruje w algorytm obliczeniowy uogólnionych homomorfizmów automatów, zatem wyznaczanie złożoności półgrupy charakterystycznej pozwala na oszacowanie złożoności obliczeniowej uogólnionych homomorfizmów dla innych klas automatów. W zakresie modelu matematycznego koncepcja ustalonego analogu rozszerzania automatu AG związanego z izomorfizmami g0, g1,..., gq-1 gdzie q stopień rozszerzenia, przy odpowiednich założeniach symuluje automat zmienny w czasie. Automat zmienny w czasie jest adekwatnym modelem matematycznym dla wielu procesów technicznych i obliczeniowych czasu rzeczywiste. Iloczyn prosty automatów można uważać odpowiednio za realizację równoległych obliczeń.

EN

The paper presents the assumption and the evidence is carried out of the direct product complexity of characteristic semi-groups of any number (“G”) of deterministic, finite, asynchronous, highly consistent DFASC2. automata. The characteristic semi-group of the automaton interferes in the computational algorithm of the generalized homoeomorphism of the automatons. Then determination the complexity of the characteristic semi-group enables to estimate the complexity of the computational generalized homoeomorphism for the other classes of automatons. In the range of the mathematical model the conception of the determined analog of the extension of the automaton associated with the isomorphism g0, g1,..., gq-1 where q is the grade of the extensions, with the suitable assumptions it simulates the automaton variable in time. The variable automaton in time is the adequate mathematical model for the many technical and computational processes of the real time. The direct product of automatons can be considered as the realization-parallel calculations accordingly.

19

Out-of-round tram wheels – current state and measurements

Staśkiewicz T., Firlik B.

Archives of Transport

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2018

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Vol. 45, iss. 1

93--103

EN

Railway or tram wheel is never perfectly round and its surface is not ideally smooth, even at the very moment after manufacturing. This induces dynamic interaction between wheel and rail while rolling, which may result in accelerated wear, fatigue cracking, corrugation formation (both on wheels and rails) and intensified vibroacoustic emission. This paper is an attempt of summarising the current scientific achievements concerning out-of-round (OOR) tram wheels. The gathered research may provide an introduction to the broader analysis of this issue in tram technology. However there is still very little scientific works dedicated directly to light rail vehicles such as trams. The measuring methodology of out-of-round tram wheels is also described in this article. Appropriate measurements were made on the wheels of selected vehicles operated by municipal tram company in Poznań. The obtained results allowed to learn the characteristic forms of out-of-round tram wheels, among which, several forms of polygonization (ovalization, triangularization, etc.) were observed. Therefore we confirmed the thesis, that the method of fixing tram wheel rims in the lathe has a significant effect on formation of the unevenness of its rolling surface, both when new (just after turning) and, after some mileage of use, when even small irregularities become amplified. We observed also that the amplitude values from 5th up to 10th harmonic orders were increased during the operation. The initial out-of-round shape of the wheel should be likely present on the worn wheel, but with increased amplitudes of irregularities. Wheel out-of-roundness should be identified and removed at the soonest possible state to prevent its development and generating issues in the future operation, that are for example: rolling stock and infrastructure damage, impaired comfort of passengers and city inhabitants. It makes out-of-round wheels a serious problem to cope with for the vehicle operators, which can lead even to a catastrophe.

20

Analiza dynamiczna wybranych podzespołów przyłączonych do pudeł pojazdów szynowych

Sanecki H.

Symulacja w Badaniach i Rozwoju

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2017

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Vol. 8, nr 3-4

115--123

PL

Praca prezentuje metodykę badań symulacyjnych dotyczących zamocowań wybranych podzespołów przyłączonych do elementów nośnych pojazdów szynowych. Opisano metodykę obliczeń dotyczących mocowań, która może być przydatna między innymi do takich podzespołów jak zbiorniki, elementy wyposażenia zwiększającego komfort podróżowania, układy hamulcowe, a także urządzenia elektryczne. Duża liczba podłączonych urządzeń o trudnej do zamodelowania strukturze wewnętrznej może być łatwo zaimplementowana do ogólnego modelu jako układ z wieloma masami skupionymi.

EN

The paper presents a methodology of simulation studies concerning the fastening of components connected to the load-bearing elements of rail vehicles. This methodology of calculations may be useful to strength verifications of fixing of components such as tanks, travel enhancements, braking systems, and electrical equipment. A large number of atached devices, mostly with a difficult to model internal structure, can easily be implemented in the general model as a system with multiple masses.