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1

Is the hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields caused by a physical mechanism or is it a psychological problem?

Tatoń Grzegorz, Kacprzyk Artur, Rok Tomasz, Wasik Anna, Siwek Marcin

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2023

|

R. 99, nr 1

215--219

EN

Over the past few years, projects related to the impact of electromagnetic field (EMF) on humans have been carried out. They were aimed at estimating the prevalence of electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) in Poland and characterization of people suffering from this syndrome. Many researchers claim that EHS is not caused by the real physical impact of EMF, but is associated with a psychological mechanism. This paper summarizes the premises of three research projects that seem to confirm this thesis.

PL

W ciągu ostatnich kilku lat prowadzono projekty związane z wpływem pola elektromagnetycznego (EMF) na ludzi. Miały one na celu oszacowanie częstotliwości występowania nadwrażliwości elektromagnetycznej (EHS) w Polsce oraz scharakteryzowanie osób cierpiących na ten zespół. Wielu badaczy twierdzi, że EHS nie jest powodowana rzeczywistym fizycznym wpływem EMF, ale jest związana z mechanizmami psychologicznymi. W artykule podsumowano przesłanki płynące z trzech projektów badawczych, które zdają się potwierdzać tę tezę.

2

Architecture of positioning and tracking solutions for maritime applications

Ilcev S.D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

|

Vol. 16 No. 3

481--489

EN

This paper discusses the current and new satellite transponders for global tracking and detecting of oceangoing ships, assets, crew, passengers and any moving objects at sea for enhanced vessels traffic control and management. These transponders are able to monitor all maritime assets and to improve safety, security of movements and collision avoidance, especially during very bad weather conditions and visibility. By deployment of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in integration with Inmarsat, Iridium and other satellite systems in one unit with antenna, it is possible to provide reliable positioning and tracking solutions for civilian maritime, other mobiles and personnel at different Radio Frequency (RF) bands. The existing and forthcoming space and ground segment for positioning and tracking solutions as a modern Satellite Asset Tracking (SAT) onboard ships, and other relating systems are discussed and benefits of these new technologies and solution for improved positioning and tracking are explored.

3

An Automated Lifeboat Manifesting Embarkation System (ALMES): optimizing evacuation and passenger manifestation Via RFID/NFC

Andreadakis A., Sloane T. F., Dalaklis D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

|

Vol. 15 No. 1

215--222

EN

Today, a significant number of quite advanced technology applications support safety at sea. To the dismay of the maritime industry, the manifestation of passengers during an evacuation scenario/case has not followed a similar path of improvement, when compared to the counterpart Life Saving Appliances (LSA) Code. Embarkation and muster proceedings are still following the similar approaches that were established during the early 1900s. There have been relatively few advances in these procedures; most often, they include manually checking-in the passengers on electronic systems, along with “on the spot” completion of check-off lists and passenger counts, allowing for an influx of potential error by the concerned personnel. Furthermore, the rely and transmission of the manifest to a Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) is often associated with a considerable amount of time, or even involving secondary passenger counts, after the disembarkation event has been concluded. It is understandable that a vessel with limited people on-board (tankers, bulk carriers, container vessels, etc.) can effectively be abandoned in a matter of minutes, but what happens with vessels carrying a large number of passengers and more specifically those heavily engaged with cruising activities? This paper examines the creation of an electronic manifestation system that will be able to automatically record the passengers during lifeboat embarkation. This proposed system will employ the use of Near-Field Communication (NFC) and/or (Radio-frequency identification) RFID bracelets, that are already utilized within the cruise industry. It will record relevant passenger and crew data, upon their boarding on the designated lifeboat, through readers installed on the parallel sides of the entryway. The data will be displayed in electronic tablet devices to the lifeboat leaders, as well as to the Master of the vessel in real-time. This will allow for an accurate representation of the evacuation process in any given moment. Furthermore, a complete “snapshot” of that information can also be directly transmitted to the MRCC via an automated message and without any further human intervention, or even stored locally aboard the lifeboats used for the evacuation and the ship’s Vessel Data Recorder (VDR).

4

Design and numerical simulation of a RF coil using the COMSOL Multiphysics software

Mańko Monika, Styła Sebastian

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2019

|

R. 95, nr 12

168--171

EN

The main purpose of numerical modelling of coils is the influence of a specific RF coil model (radio frequency) on medical imaging diagnostics system, resonance modes, currents and magnetic field distribution in resonance conditions, as well as identification of dielectric losses or noise sources. The article presents individual stages of RF coil design based on the example of a birdcage type volumetric coil with the use of COMSOL Multiph.

PL

Głównym celem modelowania numerycznego cewek jest wpływ określonego modelu cewki RF (o częstotliwości radiowej) na system medycznej diagnostyki obrazowej, tryby rezonansowe, prądy i rozkład pola magnetycznego w warunkach rezonansowych, a także identyfikacja strat dielektrycznych czy źródeł szumów. W artykule przedstawiono poszczególne etapy projektowania cewki RF na przykładzie cewki objętościowej typu birdcage przy użyciu oprogramowania COMSOL Multiphysics. Artykuł zawiera także proste symulacje elektromagnetyczne uwzględniając parametry materiałowe ośrodka przewodzącego.

5

A novel method for separability of signal components to estimate radiation from a high-frequency subsystem

Daneshvar Milad, Parhizgar Naser, Oraizi Homayoon

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 68, nr 3

497--510

EN

Specific requirements are designed and implemented in electronic and telecommunication systems for received signals, especially high-frequency ones, to examine and control the signal radiation. However, as a serious drawback, no special requirements are considered for the transmitted signals from a subsystem. Different industries have always been struggling with electromagnetic interferences affecting their electronic and telecommunication systems and imposing significant costs. It is thus necessary to specifically investigate this problem as every device is continuously exposed to interferences. Signal processing allows for the decomposition of a signal to its different components to simulate each component. Radiation control has its specific complexities in systems, requiring necessary measures from the very beginning of the design. This study attempted to determine the highest radiation from a subsystem by estimating the radiation fields. The study goal was to investigate the level of radiations received and transmitted from the adjacent systems, respectively, and present methods for control and eliminate the existing radiations. The proposed approach employs an algorithm which is based on multi-component signals, defect, and the radiation shield used in the subsystem. The algorithm flowchart focuses on the separation and of signal components and electromagnetic interference reduction. In this algorithm, the detection process is carried out at the bounds of each component, after which the separation process is performed in the vicinity of the different bounds. The proposed method works based on the Fourier transform of impulse functions for signal components decomposition that was employed to develop an algorithm for separation of the components of the signals input to the subsystem.

6

Modeling glow discharge at atmospheric pressure in argon

Zach T. N., Kraloua B., Hennad A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

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R. 94, nr 7

191--194

EN

This paper presents the characteristics of radio frequency atmospheric pressure discharge in argon based on numerical modeling. A fluid model with one-dimensional based on the first three moments of Boltzmann equation, coupled with Poisson’s equations used in this work. The discharge usually consists of several locally filaments. The Radio-Frequency generator with an appropriate width and period, it was found possible to control the filament to glow transition in order to obtain diffused and stable plasma. The model allows us to obtain the axial distributions parameters of the discharge at different times of Radio-Frequency cycle (RF). The principal parameters are the electronic density, ionic density, electric potential, electric field and electronic temperature.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę wyładowań atmosferycznych o częstotliwościach radiowych w argonie na podstawie modelowania numerycznego. Model płynny z jednowymiarowym na podstawie pierwszych trzech momentów równania Boltzmanna, w połączeniu z równaniami Poissona użytymi w tej pracy. Wyładowanie zwykle składa się z kilku lokalnych włókien. Stosując generator częstotliwości radiowej o odpowiedniej szerokości i okresie, okazało się możliwe kontrolowanie żarzenia do przejścia poświatowego w celu uzyskania rozproszonej i stabilnej plazmy. Model pozwala nam uzyskać parametry rozkładu osiowego wyładowania w różnych okresach cyklu częstotliwości radiowych (RF).

7

Wpływ pól elektromagnetycznych o częstotliwości sieciowej i radiowej na strukturę jądra szczura

Sieroń K., Kawczyk-Krupka A., Cieślar G., Sieroń A., Wojnicz R., Cholewka A., Stanek A.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2016

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Vol. 22, nr 3

105--112

PL

W pracy poddano ocenie na zwierzęcym modelu eksperymentalnym wpływ długotrwałej ekspozycji na oddziaływanie pola elektromagnetycznego o częstotliwości sieciowej, generowanego przez linie przesyłowe prądu zmiennego wysokiego napięcia oraz pola elektromagnetycznego o częstotliwości radiowej, emitowanego przez systemy telefonii komórkowej, a także łącznego ich oddziaływania na strukturę histologiczną jąder dojrzałych samców szczurów, ocenianą w mikroskopie świetlnym. Grupę kontrolną stanowiły zwierzęta poddane ekspozycji pozorowanej. Po 28-dniowej ekspozycji żadna z badanych form pola elektromagnetycznego nie spowodowała zmian struktury histologicznej jąder, widocznej w mikroskopie świetlnym.

EN

The impact of long-term exposure to the electromagnetic field of industrial frequency generated by high-voltage alternating-current transmission lines and radio-frequency electromagnetic field emitted by mobile telephony system, as well as simultaneous action of both forms of electromagnetic fields on histological structure of adult male rats testes, was studied. As a control group sham-exposed animals were examined. It was stated by means of light microscopic examination that 28-day exposure of animals to examined electromagnetic fields did not cause any changes of histological structure of testes.

8

The influence of the RF PACVD MS process parameters on the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite coatings

Niedzielska A., Skwierczyński P., Czerniak-Reczulska M., Szymański W.

Advances in Materials Science

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2015

|

Vol. 15, nr 4(46)

52--58

EN

Hydroksyapatite (HAp) as the coating, is produced using different methods of deposition, among others: laser ablation method, sol-gel, electrophoresis, thermal sputtering or magnetron spraying with the usage of high frequency. Attempts to benefit from such a wide spectrum of existing methods are related to the fact that this material possesses many advantages. We have to distinguish, among others, proper biological properties, i.e. both - high bio-tolerance and high osteo-inductivity [1,2]. However, it is worth mentioning that the material also presents disadvantages, i.e. it indicates too quick resorption within the biological environment, depending on its obtained form. In case when HAp is in the amorphous form, it undergoes a very rapid process of dissolving in the tissue environment. [3] In order to prevent the above, it is important to produce the coatings with a regulative level of cristallinity. In the presented research the hydroxyapatite coating produced using RF PACVD MS plasma method (Radio Frequency Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Magnetron Sputtering) possesses the above mentioned amorphous form. Nevertheless, due to the usage of ‘bubbler’, allowing for delivery of hydroxyl groups into the operating chamber, it was possible to receive the Hap coatings in a crystalline form. Changing the operating pressure (the amount of bonds - OH), during sputtering, it was checked what is the influence of that parameter on the physicochemical properties of obtained coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the founding research as well as the Roentgen Apparatus Analyser (EDS). The Phase composition of a created coating was researched using the Roentgen diffract-meter (XRD). The measures of thickness were conducted using contact-profilometry. Nano-indentation technique was used to assess the mechanical properties. Obtained results of research encourage for further researches related to the influence of hydroxyl groups on the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatat coatings.

9

Środowiskowe pola elektromagnetyczne częstotliwości radiowych w placówkach ochrony zdrowia : badania pilotażowe

Gryz K., Karpowicz J.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2014

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Vol. 3, nr 3

156--160

PL

Na przykładzie przeprowadzonych badań pilotażowych w dwóch placówkach ochrony zdrowia scharakteryzowano środowiskowe pola elektromagnetyczne będące skutkiem eksploatacji różnych systemów telekomunikacyjnych, a także nową, selektywną częstotliwościowo technikę badań ekspozymetrycznych takich pól. Omówiono również podstawowe zagadnienia odporności aparatury medycznej na zakłócenia spowodowane oddziaływaniem pól elektromagnetycznych, w kontekście prezentowanych wyników badań pilotażowych i wymagań dokumentów normatywnych

10

A Precise and High Speed Charge-Pump PLL Model Based on SystemC/SystemC-AMS

Ma K., Van Leuken R., Vidojkovic M., Romme J., Rampu S., Pflug H., Huang L., Dolmans G.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2012

|

Vol. 58, No. 3

225-232

EN

The Phase Locked Loop (PLL) has become an important part of electrical systems. When designing a PLL, an efficient and reliable simulation platform for system evaluation is needed. However, the closed loop simulation of a PLL is time consuming. To address this problem, in this paper, a new PLL model containing both digital and analog parts based on SystemC/SystemC-AMS (BETA version) is presented. Many imperfections such as Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) noise or reference jitter are included in this model. By comparing with the Matlab model, the SystemC/SystemC-AMS model can dramatically reduce simulation time. Also, by comparing with Analog Devices ADI SimPLL simulation results, Cadence simulation results and real measurement results, the accuracy of the SystemC/SystemC-AMS model is demonstrated. The paper shows the feasibility of a unified design environment for mixed-signal modelling based on SystemC/SystemC-AMS in order to reduce the cost and design time of electrical systems.

11

Influence of tissue parameters on deep body RF hyperthermia

Kurgan E., Gas P.

Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering

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2010

|

No. 63

63-68

EN

Hyperthermia has become a useful form of cancer therapy. In this paper some numerical results based on a two-dimensional homogeneous model of human body are presented. First distribution of the electromagnetic field components are calculated and next bioheat equation is solved. At the end temperature distribution in the body from different model parameters are calculated.

12

Large-Signal RF Modeling with the EKV3 MOSFET Model

Chalkiadaki M. A., Buchar M.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

|

2010

|

nr 1

29-33

EN

This paper presents a validation of the EKV3 MOSFET model under load-pull conditions with high input power at 5.8 GHz, as well as S-parameter measurements with low input power up to 20 GHz. The EKV3 model is able to represent coherently the large- and small-signal RF characteristics in advanced 90 nm CMOS technology. Multifinger devices with nominal drawn gate length of 70 nm are used.

13

Urządzenie do utrwalania substancji spożywczych falami elektromagnetycznymi o częstotliwości radiowej

Konopko H.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2008

|

Nr 6

107-108

PL

Opracowano instalację w skali laboratoryjnej do badania procesu utrwalania (pasteryzacji) ciekłych surowców spożywczych falami elektromagnetycznymi o częstotliwości radiowej. W oparciu o przeprowadzone obliczenia procesu zaprojektowano lub dobrano podstawowe urządzenia oraz niezbędną aparaturę pomiarową i armaturę.

EN

An installation in laboratory scale was elaborated for analysis of pasteurization process of liquid food substances using radio frequency electromagnetic waves. On the basis of conducted calculations the basic apparatus and necessary measurement devices and fittings were designed or selected. ,

14

Development of accelerator technology in Poland Impact of European CARE and EuCARD programs

Romaniuk R. S.

Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly

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2008

|

Vol. 54, No 3

239-251

EN

The development of accelerator technology in Poland is strictly combined with the cooperation with specialist accelerator centers of global character, where the relevant knowledge is generated, allowing to build big and modern machines. These are relatively costly undertakings of interdisciplinary character. Most of them are financed from the local resources. Only the biggest machines are financed commonly by many nations like: LHC in CERN, ILC in Fermi Lab, E-XFEL in DESY. A similar financing solution has to be implemented in Poland, where a scientific and political campaign is underway on behalf of building two big machines, a Polish Synchrotron in Kraków and a Polish FEL in Świerk. Around these two projects, there are realized a dozen or so smaller ones.

15

Magnetic field influence on cereals and peas germination

Gorodecka H., Spiridovich E. V., Filatova I., Azharonok V. V., Nekrashevich Ya. I.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2007

|

Nr 1

53-54

EN

In the paper a response of seed germination characteristics of some important agricultural plants to radio frequency (r/) electromagnetic field has been studied. The goal of these investigations was to determine if an alternate seed treatment approach based on microwave methods would offer a more effective and environmentally sound alternative compare to traditional seed processing technologies.

PL

W artykule badano wpływ pola magnetycznego o częstotliwości radiowej na charakterystyki kiełkowania nasion ważnych roślin uprawnych. Celem pracy było stwierdzenie, czy obróbka ziaren, oparta na metodach mikrofalowych może być skuteczną: środowiskowo zdrową alternatywą dla tradycyjnych technologii obróbki ziaren.

16

High quality analog mixer in reconfigurable system

Olech B., Kapruziak M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

|

2007

|

Vol. 48, nr 7

28-31

EN

Digital configurable logic is much more advanced and ubiquitous when compared to possible analog configurable world - now supported mainly with relatively low frequency FPAA and marginally with some FPMA concepts. The problem is how to achieve configurable functionality on high frequency analog path with reasonable system integration and cost. Presented paper deals with this issue considering an analog mixer example and discussing some observations appeared when RF signal acquisition circuits have been developed. Authors argue that using a hybrid approach when building high frequency analog path, by complementing the configurable digital logic with dedicated radio-frequency components, high quality applications with configuration features may be expected.

PL

Rekonfigurowalne układy cyfrowe są dużo bardziej zaawansowane technologicznie i metodycznie oraz rozpowszechnione w porównaniu z rekonfigurowalnymi rozwiązaniami typu analogowego - wspomaganymi obecnie głównie przez układy FPAA o ograniczonej częstotliwości pracy oraz przez pewne koncepcje typu FPMA. Problem sprowadza się do możliwości uzyskania modyfikowalnej funkcjonalności w analogowym torze wysokiej częstotliwości zachowując odpowiednią integrację systemu przy akceptowalnych kosztach. Prezentowany artykuł podejmuje ten problem opierając się na przykładzie miksera analogowego oraz pewnych obserwacjach poczynionych podczas realizacji toru radiowego pozyskiwania danych. Autorzy proponują zastosowanie podejścia hybrydowego dla realizacji analogowego toru wysokiej częstotliwości, poprzez uzupełnienie rekonfigurowalnych elementów o charakterze cyfrowym specjalizowanymi elementami częstotliwości radiowych.

17

Odporność mostkowych systemów pomiarowych na zakłócenia przewodzone, indukowane przez pola elektromagnetyczne o częstotliwości radiowej

Ober G.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska

|

2006

|

z. 274

265-273

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań odporności mostkowego systemu pomiarowego na zakłócenia przewodzone, indukowane przez pola elektromagnetyczne o częstotliwości radiowej od strony zasilania oraz przez analogowe sygnały, przekazywane od sensora pomiarowego do układu mikroprocesorowego. Badaniom poddano zestaw pomiarowy, składający się z sensorów pomiarowych przemieszczeń, ciśnienia, przyśpieszenia wraz z przetwornikiem pomiarowym Spider8 firmy HBM. Wyniki badań zawarte w artykule wskazują na bardzo ograniczoną odporność systemu pomiarowego na zakłócenia przewodzone, indukowane przez pola elektromagnetyczne o częstotliwości radiowej. Po zaniku zakłoceń system pomiarowy powraca samoczynnie do własności pomiarowych zgodnych ze specyfiką techniczną producenta.The paper presents the results of research on electromagnetic resistance of bridge measure systems conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields to disturbances coming from the power supply and through the analog signals from a measure sensor to a microprocessor system. A measure system - consisting of a displacement measure

EN

The paper presents the results of research on eletromagnetic resistance of bridge measure systems conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields to disturbances coming from the power supply and through the analog signals from a measure sensor to a microprocessor system. A measure system - consisting of a displacement measure sensor, pressure and acceleration sensors with a measure converter Spider8 by HBM - has been tested. The results presented in this paper show that the measure system resistance to electromagnetic disturbances caused by conducted disturbances inducted by radio-frequency fields very limited. When the disturbances are terminated the measure qualities described in a technical specification of the system return.

18

Metodyka badania obrazu monitorów komputerowych w czasie narażania ich polem elektromagnetycznym o częstotliwościach radiowych oraz badania pilotowe

Sieczkarek K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Łódzka

|

1999

|

z. 93

35--44

PL

Referat przedstawia metodykę oceny poprawności pracy monitorów komputerowych mogących funkcjonować w polu elektromagnetycznym o częstotliwościach radiowych. Przedstawia wyniki wykonanych badań pilotowych kilku monitorów komputerowych z zastosowaniem unikatowej aparatury do generowania jednorodnego pola elektromagnetycznego, przy dobranych kryteriach oceny, natężeniu i parametrach modulacji pola.

EN

The paper presents methodology of computer monitors performance evaluation operating in RF electromagnetic field. Pilotage test results of few computer monitors with a use of unique test equipment for uniform electromagnetic field generating are also presented. In the paper performance criteria, field strength and modulation parameters are proposed.