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1

First implementation of quality control procedures on selected X-ray machines in South of Benin

Soglo Tino Romeo, Inkoom Stephen, Hasford Francis, Sosu Edem K., Biaou Olivier

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 30, Iss.1

36--43

EN

Introduction: The use of X-ray equipment for medical diagnostic radiography procedures has increased due to advances and complexity of radiological procedures. Achieving good image quality while keeping exposure of workers, public and patient exposure to an acceptable level has become a prerequisite for the radiology department in order to comply with best international practices. The aim of this study was to undertake quality control measurement of seven (7) diagnostic radiography equipment in the south of Benin, the first of its kind. Material and methods: Multifunction detector (Piranha) and beam alignment test tool were used to perform quality control tests on seven (7) X-ray units. The method used as well as the interpretation of the results was based on the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Healing Arts Radiation Protection (HARP), Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Canadian Safety code 35 (S.C 35) recommendations. Results: The quality control results showed that all X-ray equipment investigated were within standard limits for accuracy of exposure time below 10 ms; reproducibility of kVp, exposure time and dose output; specific dose-kVp2 linearity; and specific dose-mAs linearity. Five (5) out of seven (7) diagnostic X-ray machines passed quality control tests such as X- ray beam alignment, exposure time above 10 ms and kVp accuracy. One (1) X-ray machine failed the quality control test of beam filtration at 70 kVp and above. Conclusions: The findings of this study have provided baseline data for other radiology departments to embark on similar QA/QC activities, and also explore options for optimization of patient dose. However, there is a need to extend the study to cover more diagnostic X-ray machines throughout the country. It is anticipated that this would ultimately assist in improving radiation protection and safety during medical diagnostic radiological procedures.

2

Optimized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for detecting compositional changes in Eucommia ulmoides and Achyranthes bidentata paired decoctions in vitro and in vivo

Chen Chun, Lv Lei, Huang Yueying, Gao Mingzhu, Jiang Xue, Ge Xiaoying, Zheng Dan, Bao Leilei

Acta Chromatographica

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2024

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Vol. 36, no. 1

31--44

EN

Rationale: The bark of Eucommia ulmoides and the roots of Achyranthes bidentata are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, and their pairing appears in many traditional Chinese medicine formulas as a recognized compatible unit. However, the changes and interactions of the main components of these two formulas when paired remain unclear, and there is currently no standard or method for their quality control and assessment of pharmacological effects. Methods: An optimized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous identification of 10 components in E. ulmoides and A. bidentata using in vitro and in vivo models. Tributyltin methacrylate was the internal standard solution, and the blood samples were treated by an organic solvent precipitation method. Gradient elution was conducted on a C₁₈ column at 25 °C with 0.1% formic acid water:acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min⁻¹. Dynamic multiple response monitoring was performed in negative-ion mode using an Agilent Jet Stream electrospray ionization ion source. Results: In negative-ion detection mode, eucommiol exhibited a good response, and the isomers ginsenoside Ro and achyranthoside C could also be well separated. The developed method accurately detected the five components with a low blood content. Compared to controls, the levels of ginsenoside Ro, chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa, and achyranthoside C increased; the contents of geniposidic acid and pinoresinol diglucoside were unchanged; and the levels of eucommiol, geniposide, β-ecdysterone, genipin, and achyranthoside D decreased in vitro. In vivo, the contents of geniposidic acid, geniposide, pinoresinol diglucoside, and β-ecdysterone were reduced; the contents of eucommiol and ginsenoside Ro were unchanged; and those of achyranthoside D, chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa, and achyranthoside C increased compared to the corresponding levels in the internal control. Conclusions: A method for the quality control of the E. ulmoides-A. bidentata drug pair was established for the first time and the main components in 10 drug pairs could be determined simultaneously in vitro and in vivo. These findings show that the E. ulmoides and A. bidentata drug pair cause a compositional change, providing new ideas for the development of this combination to improve clinical efficacy.

3

Data processing for oil spill domain movement models

Dąbrowska Ewa, Dąbrowski Maciej

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2023

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023

47--57

EN

This chapter reviews various data processing techniques for modelling the movement of oil spills, including data acquisition, quality control, and pre-processing. It highlights the importance of incorporating both physical and environmental factors such as wind, currents, and water temperature, in oil spill trajectory prediction models. It also discusses the challenges associated with data processing, including data availability and uncertainty. It emphasizes the significance of sound data processing practices to ensure effective response planning and mitigation efforts. Finally, by discussing the potential areas of improvement, and model assumptions and limitations, the chapter aims to inspire further research and development in the field, which can lead to constructing more accurate and reliable oil spill movement models.

4

Automation of optical quality control in the example of the furniture industry

Maj Michał, Pliszczuk Damian, Cieplak Tomasz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 1

245--248

EN

A prototype of a quality control system based on optical detection algorithms will be presented here. In its functionality, it will include an exemplary web application used by the customer to place an order - in this case, a wardrobe, based on which an employee will be able to control the quality of the order and, more precisely - to check whether the components of a given order in the warehouse have not undergone the ageing process, e.g. paintwork.

PL

Przedstawiony został prototyp systemu kontroli jakości opartego na algorytmach detekcji optycznej. W swojej funkcjonalności zawiera przykładową aplikację webową, za pomocą której klient może złożyć zamówienie – w tym przypadku szafę, na podstawie której pracownik będzie mógł kontrolować jakość zamówienia, a dokładniej – sprawdzać, czy poszczególne elementy danego zamówienia, jak np. lakier, nie zostały poddane procesowi starzenia się.

5

Optical system for precise isocenter measurement

Kukołowicz Paweł, Szalkowski Dariusz, Jackowska-Zduniak Beata, Tarchalski Mikołaj

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 4

178--184

EN

Introduction: The geometrical precision of the machines is essential for effective and safe radiotherapy. Methods currently used for the measurement of the mechanical isocenter have many limitations. In this work, the optical system NaviRation for very precise measurement of mechanical accelerator isocenter is described. The results of the measurement of the isocenter for linear accelerator are also presented. Materials and methods: An optical system for measuring the accelerator isocenter was designed and built. The optical system consists of two cameras recording the target position made according to a patented Zeiss technology. About 1,200 pairs of images are recorded during the rotation of the gantry, collimator and treatment table. Mathematical analysis of these images makes it possible to determine the location of the target center during rotation. In order to verify the accuracy of the measurements, a device simulating rotational motion was designed. The measurement results were also verified at the Central Office of Measures. The system must be calibrated each time before taking measurements. In this article, we present the results of measurements for the Versa HD accelerator. Results: The accuracy of determining the current position of the axis of rotation was 0.15 mm. The time of taking measurements of all rotations does not exceed 20 minutes. Measurement results for the Versa HD accelerator showed that this accelerator met the criteria described by TG142 of the AAPM. The diameter of the gantry, collimator and table isocenter spheres were 1.5 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The system enables precise, fast and simple mechanical isocenter measurement of the gantry, collimator and treatment table. It is also possible to perform all tests related to the measurements of distances, e.g. quality control of distance indicator, and distance of the table movement. The isocenter is measured independently of the accelerator for which measurements are made.

6

Quality control of material supplies used in the operation of underground mining plants

Malurdy Tomasz, Mocek Mirosław, Moskal Grzegorz, Gajda Lesław

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2023

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nr 11

358--360

EN

This article presents issues relating to the quality control of materials supplied and used in the operation of underground mines. The analysis considers the legal aspects resulting from national and EU regulations. The above-mentioned legal requirements are reviewed and the characteristics of organisational and technical solutions in the quality control of materials, machinery and equipment are presented. Finally, the fundamental practical problems related to the most common quality control procedures in purchasing processes are characterised.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z kontrolą jakości dostaw materiałów stosowanych w ruchu podziemnych zakładów górniczych. W analizie uwzględniono aspekty prawne, zarówno z zakresu prawa krajowego, jak i unijnego. Dokonano przeglądu wymagań prawnych oraz przedstawiono rozwiązania organizacyjne i techniczne stosowane w procesach kontroli jakości materiałów, maszyn i urządzeń. Omówiono najczęściej występujące w procesach zakupowych podstawowe problemy praktyczne związane z procedurami kontroli jakości.

7

Vision-based Online Defect Detection of Polymeric Film via Structural Quality Metrics

Rawashdeh Nathir, Hazaveh Paniz, Altarazi Safwan

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2023

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Vol. 14, No. 1

61--71

EN

Nondestructive and contactless online approaches for detecting defects in polymer films are of significant interest in manufacturing. This paper develops vision-based quality metrics for detecting the defects of width consistency, film edge straightness, and specks in a polymeric film production process. The three metrics are calculated from an online low-cost grayscale camera positioned over the moving film before the final collection roller and can be imple mented in real-time to monitor the film manufacturing for process and quality control. The objective metrics are calibrated to correlate with an expert ranking of test samples, and results show that they can be used to detect defects and measure the quality of polymer films with satisfactory accuracy.

8

Assessment of the Possibility of Imitating Experts’ Aesthetic Judgments about the Impact of Knots on the Beauty of Furniture Fronts Made of Pine Wood

Gajowniczek Krzysztof, Bator Marcin, Śmietańska Katarzyna, Górski Jarosław

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2023

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Vol. 32, No. 2

67--88

EN

Our research aims to reconstruct expert preferences regarding the visual attractiveness of furniture fronts made of pine wood using machine learning algorithms. A numerical experiment was performed using five machine learning algorithms of various paradigms. To find the answer to the question of what determines the expert’s decision, we determined the importance of variables for some machine learning models. For random forest and classification trees, it involves the overall reduction in node impurities resulting from variable splitting, while for neural networks it uses the Garson algorithm. Based on the numerical experiments we can conclude that the best results of expert decision reconstruction are provided by a neural network model. The expert’s decision is better reconstructed for more beautiful images. The decision for nice images is made based on the best 4 or 5 variables, while for ugly images many more features are important. Prettier images and those for which the expert’s decision is better reconstructed have fewer knots.

9

Features of the implementation of computer vision in the problems of automated product quality contro

Stelmakh Nataliia, Mastenko Ihor, Sulima Olga, Rudyk Tetiana

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2023

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T. 13, nr 1

38--41

EN

The article analyzes the fields of application of machine vision. Special attention is focused on the application of Machine Vision in intelligent technological systems for product quality control. An important aspect is a quick and effective analysis of product quality directly at the stage of the technological process with high accuracy in determining product defects. The appropriateness and perspective of using the mathematical apparatus of artificial neural networks for the development of an intelligent technological system for monitoring the geometric state of products have been demonstrated. The purpose of this study is focused on the identification and classification of reed tuber quality parameters. For this purpose, new methods of identification and classification of quality control of various types of defects using computer vision and machine learning algorithms were proposed.

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy obszarów zastosowań widzenia maszynowego. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zastosowanie widzenia maszynowego w inteligentnych systemach technologicznych kontroli jakości wyrobów. Ważnym aspektem jest szybka i skuteczna analiza jakości produktu bezpośrednio na etapie procesu technologicznego z dużą dokładnością w określaniu wad produktu. Pokazano celowość i perspektywę wykorzystania aparatu matematycznego sztucznych sieci neuronowych do budowy inteligentnego systemu technologicznego do monitorowania stanu geometrycznego wyrobów. Celem badań jest identyfikacja i klasyfikacja parametrów jakościowych rurek trzcinowych. W tym celu zaproponowano nowe metody identyfikacji i klasyfikacji kontroli jakości różnego rodzaju defektów z wykorzystaniem wizji komputerowej i algorytmów uczenia maszynowego.

10

Quality Control in Improving Product and Service Quality

Ahmad Muhammad Nuzul

Archiwum Wiedzy Inżynierskiej

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2023

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T. 8, Nr 1

18--21

EN

Quality control is a system that facilitates companies make certain that their products or services meet specific first-rate requirements. Quality is defined as the diploma of excellence or superiority that a products or services possesses, whilst control is the method of tracking, inspecting, and comparing products and services to ensure they meet unique necessities. Quality control is the system of mixing these two standards to make sure that products and services meet the preferred level of quality. This article examines the role of quality control in improving service or product quality. It provides definitions of quality, control, and quality control and explains the different types of control and quality control that organizations can use to improve the quality of their products or services. There are various sorts of control, which includes direct control, technical control, and bureautical control, and every kind focuses on different aspects of the quality control technique. Also, there are different types of quality control, which include internal and external quality control. By implementing quality control measures, organizations can perceive and deal with quality issues earlier than they come to be primary issues. This article also high- lights the benefit of quality control, including increased customer satisfaction, improved efficiency and reduced cost. It also addresses the challenges and limitations of quality control, and the need for continuous evaluation and improvement. At the end, quality control is an important tool for organizations looking to improve the quality of their products or services, increase customer satisfaction, and maintain a competitive advantage in the market.

PL

Kontrola jakości to system, który umożliwia firmom upewnienie się, że ich produkty lub usługi spełniają określone wymagania jakościowe. Jakość definiuje się jako stopień doskonałości lub wyższości, jaką produkt lub usługa posiada, podczas gdy kontrola to metoda monitorowania, badania i porównywania produktów i usług w celu zapewnienia, że spełniają one określone wymagania. Kontrola jakości to proces łączenia tych dwóch kryteriów w celu zapewnienia, że produkty i usługi spełniają pożądany poziom jakości. W tym artykule omówiono rolę kontroli jakości w poprawie jakości usług lub produktów. Przedstawiono definicje jakości, kontroli i kontroli jakości oraz wyjaśniono różne rodzaje kontroli i kontroli jakości, których organizacje mogą użyć do poprawy jakości swoich produktów lub usług. Istnieją różne rodzaje kontroli, w tym bezpośrednia kontrola, kontrola techniczna i kontrola biurokratyczna, a każdy rodzaj skupia się na innych aspektach procesu kontroli jakości. Istnieją również różne rodzaje kontroli jakości, w tym wewnętrzna i zewnętrzna kontrola jakości. Dzięki wdrożeniu działań kontroli jakości organizacje mogą wykryć i rozwiązać problemy jakościowe, zanim staną się one poważnymi kwestiami. Artykuł ten podkreśla korzyści wynikające z kontroli jakości, w tym zwiększoną satysfakcję klientów, poprawę efektywności i zmniejszenie kosztów. Przedstawia również wyzwania i ograniczenia kontroli jakości oraz potrzebę ciągłej oceny i poprawy. W końcu, kontrola jakości jest ważnym narzędziem dla organizacji, które szukają sposobów na poprawę jakości swoich produktów lub usług, zwiększenie satysfakcji klientów i utrzymanie konkurencyjnej pozycji na rynku.

11

Quantitative evaluation and chromatographic fingerprinting for the quality assessment of Pudilan tablet

Lu Mengya, Tang Qianqian, Zhou Chenyu, Fang Zhizheng, Fan Zheng, Li Xiangyu, Han Rongchun, Tong Xiaohui

Acta Chromatographica

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2023

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Vol. 35, no. 4

338--346

EN

An easy, quick, and sensitive approach adopting ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) equipped with diode array detector was used to analyze and systematically evaluate the quality of Pudilan tablets manufactured by 12 distinct pharmaceutical companies. In this research, 15 peaks were chosen as the common peaks to assess the similarities for different batches (S1–S43) of Pudilan tablet samples. In comparison with the control fingerprint, similarity values for 43 batches of samples exceeded 0.922. In addition, by analyzing the reference substances of epigoitrin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, acetylcorynoline, baicalin and baicanshialein, the chromatogram of the 6 reference substances was established. The recoveries for the reference substances which demonstrated good regression in the linear range (r2 > 0.999) were in the range of 98.3–101.1%. The results demonstrated that the established method was highly accurate, efficient and reliable. This study provides a valid, dependable and pragmatic method to evaluate the quality of Pudilan tablet.

12

The identification of quality control methods used in the packaging production process

Górna Justyna, Wójcicki Krzysztof, Biegańska Marta, Paliwoda Beata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 162

197--211

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the quality control methods used in companies producing packaging and to obtain knowledge of the scope of the use of optical sensors. Design/methodology/approach: Enterprises located in Poland in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, producing paper, board, corrugated and plastic packaging. The triangulation strategy was used in the study in which Computer Assisted Web Interview (CATI), Individual In-depth Interviews (IDIs), and Case Study were applied. The subject of research was the identification of quality control methods at individual stages of packaging production and the responsibility for carrying it out, as well as the method of presenting the control results. In addition, the use of optical sensors for quality control was assessed. Findings: Digitalization of manufacturing leading to the Industry 4.0 concept provides novel tools for quality control and data storing. It enables real-time data collection and processing for even better even better management of the production process and quality control. However, the concept of Industry 4.0 (including Big Data Analysis, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks) is not new, still many companies find it difficult to implement it and benefit from its capabilities. The surveyed packaging companies are characterized by low use of the possibilities related to the use of more advanced methods of product quality control at individual stages of the production process. The potential for improvement is the area of process and product control through the use of optical sensors/actuators, etc., and the form of keeping records of the product quality checks carried out. Research limitations/implications: The results of this research are not representative, but they encourage the authors to carry out a broader and more in-depth analysis of the research subject on a national scale. Practical implications: Research indicates the need to improve the quality control process in the production of packaging and a wider use of modern solutions with the use of optical sensors. Originality/value: An article can be an element influencing the management to better select quality control methods at various stages of the production process.

13

Niezawodność kabli elektroenergetycznych kluczowa dla bezpieczeństwa technicznego morskich farm wiatrowych w Polsce

Gulski Edward, Parciak Jarosław, Jongen Rogier, Popławski Jarosław

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2022

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R. 90, nr 9

3--12

PL

Doświadczenia międzynarodowe morskich farm wiatrowych pokazują, że w porównaniu z innymi komponentami elektrycznymi dotkliwość i częstotliwość awarii kabli eksportowych i międzyturbinowych są najwyższe. Ponieważ obecny stan norm międzynarodowych opiera się na doświadczeniach kabli lądowych, nadal problematyczne jest uwzględnienie rzeczywistych poważnych problemów awarii związanych z kablami dla morskich farm wiatrowych. W rezultacie systematyczne testowanie i diagnozowanie podczas: produkcji, transportu, instalacji i eksploatacji może wykluczyć lub przynajmniej zmniejszyć potencjalne ryzyko awarii podczas eksploatacji. W artykule podjęto dyskusję na temat zapewnienia jakości kabli elektroenergetycznych dla bezpieczeństwa technologicznego morskich farm wiatrowych. Przedstawione zostały różne praktyczne przykłady badania długich połączeń kabli elektroenergetycznych, a wspomniana powyżej problematyka zostanie omówiona z perspektywy kontroli jakości nowo zainstalowanych linii, jak również konserwacji linii w eksploatacji. Diagnostyka oparta na technologii tłumionego napięcia przemiennego (DAC) z monitorowaniem wyładowań niezupełnych w tym przypadku jest specjalnie omawiana w połączeniu z rzeczywistymi przykładami testów, które pokazują wyniki dotyczące badań kabli eksportowych i międzyturbinowych w farmach wiatrowych.

EN

The international experience of offshore wind farms shows that compared to other electrical components, the severity and frequency of failure of export and inter-array cables is the highest. As the current state of international standards is based on the experience of onshore cables, it is still problematic to address the real serious problems associated with cable accidents for offshore wind farms. As a result, systematic testing and diagnosis during production, transportation, installation and operation can exclude or at least reduce the potential risk of failure during operation. This article discusses the quality assurance of power cables for the technological safety of offshore wind farms. Various practical examples of testing long power cable connections will be presented, and the above-mentioned issues will be discussed from the perspective of quality control of newly installed lines as well as line maintenance in operation. The damped alternating voltage (DAC) diagnostics with PD monitoring in this case are specifically discussed in conjunction with real-world test examples that show the test results for export and inter-array cables in offshore wind farms.

14

Implementation of the integrated lean six sigma philosophy in an angolan manufacturing company - a case study

Mkaka Afonso, Burduk Anna

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2022

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nr 1

58--66

EN

Today, manufacturing companies strive to find the stability between satisfying their customers by producing in accordance with their expectations (quantity and quality) and keeping leading positions when it comes to competitiveness on their markets. This paper aims to compare two very well-known philosophies in the manufacturing industry: Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Six Sigma (6S). The integration of these two philosophies solves the insufficiency that the absence of one of them causes, considering that Six Sigma is based on statistical tools that focus on measuring and reducing variations in processes and achieving goals set by the customers' requirements. Lean Manufacturing focuses mainly on the value added for a client, for example,by eliminating all kinds of waste from processes what leads to the reduction of time and cost of the process. Lean Six Sigma combines the features of both methods, which means that it meets the client's requirements based on statistical knowledge and the process flow control, but simultaneously in addition to that, it reduces the time and cost of the processes. As a result, it gives manufacturing companies the possibility of having loyal and satisfied customers and who provide companies with new customers. This paper has a greater goal of persuading the Angolan manufacturing industries to implement the Integrated Lean Six Sigma (IL6S) into their production and management processes.

PL

Dziś firmy produkcyjne dążą do znalezienia stabilności pomiędzy satysfakcją swoich klientów poprzez produkcję zgodną z ich oczekiwaniami (ilość i jakość) a utrzymaniem czołowej pozycji, jeśli chodzi o konkurencyjność na swoich rynkach. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu porównanie dwóch bardzo dobrze znanych filozofii w przemyśle wytwórczym: Lean Manufacturing (LM) i Six Sigma (6S). Integracja tych dwóch filozofii rozwiązuje problem braku jednej z nich, biorąc pod uwagę, że Six Sigma opiera się na narzędziach statystycznych, które koncentrują się na pomiarze i redukcji zmienności procesów oraz osiąganiu celów wyznaczonych przez wymagania klientów. Lean Manufacturing skupia się głównie na wartości dodanej dla klienta, na przykład poprzez eliminację wszelkiego rodzaju marnotrawstwa z procesów, co prowadzi do skrócenia czasu i kosztów procesu. Lean Six Sigma łączy w sobie cechy obu metod, co oznacza, że spełnia wymagania klienta w oparciu o wiedzę statystyczną i kontrolę przebiegu procesów, ale jednocześnie dodatkowo skraca czas i koszt procesów. W efekcie daje to firmom produkcyjnym możliwość posiadania lojalnych i zadowolonych klientów oraz zapewnia firmom nowych klientów. Większym celem tego artykułu jest przekonanie angolskiego przemysłu wytwórczego do wdrożenia zintegrowanej metody Lean Six Sigma (IL6S) w procesach produkcji i zarządzania.

15

Kontrola jakości opakowań

Lenartowicz-Klik Marta, Gajlewicz Izabela

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2022

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T. 76, nr 12

39--44

PL

Obecnie około 98% wszystkich produktów oferowanych na rynku wymaga opakowania. Zarówno w przypadku materiałów, jak i wyrobów, które są finalnie przeznaczone do kontaktu z żywnością, w tym wszelkiego typu opakowań i materiałów opakowaniowych, to na producencie spoczywa obowiązek i odpowiedzialność za przestrzeganie właściwych przepisów w zakresie badania opakowań przeznaczonych do kontaktu z żywnością. Omówiono niektóre z najważniejszych zagadnień dotyczących kontroli jakości opakowania w tym wymagania jakie determinują między innymi Rozporządzenia UE, Rozporządzenia krajowe, Dyrektywy oraz normy międzynarodowe i standardy. Przedstawiono także procesy kontroli jakości opakowań w branży spożywczej na przykładzie opakowania z tworzywa sztucznego, szkła, metalu i papieru.

EN

Currently, about 98% of all types of products offered on the market require packaging. Both in the case of materials and articles that are ultimately intended to come into contact with food, including all types of packaging and packaging materials, it is the manufacturer’s duty and responsibility to comply with the relevant provisions on testing packaging intended for contact with food. The article discusses some of the most important things that should be taken into account during packaging quality control, including the requirements that are determined by EU Regulations, National Regulations, Directives and international norms and standards. This publication also presents packaging quality control processes in the food industry on the example of plastic, glass, metal and paper packaging.

16

The use of combined quality management instruments to analyze the causes of non-conformities in the castings of the cover of the rail vehicle bearing housing

Czerwińska Karolina, Piwowarczyk Adam

Production Engineering Archives

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2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 3

289--294

EN

The most critical activities influencing the success of each company are continuous improvement of the quality of manufactured products and monitoring of the production process. Skillful use of available technologies and quality management tools allows for eliminating casting non-conformities and preventing their repetition in the future. The research aimed to analyze the types of defects occurring in castings, the location of their most frequent occurrence areas, and to identify the causes of defects in castings of bearing housings used in rail vehicles. The benefits of a combination of quality management tools for diagnosing material discontinuities in the analyzed castings are presented in this article.

17

Development of a standard phantom for diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging quality control studies: A review

Manson Eric Naab, Mumuni Abdul Nashirudeen, Shirazu Issahaku, Hasford Francis, Inkoom Stephen, Sosu Edem, Aikins Mark Pokoo, Mohammed Gedel Ahmed

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 4

169--179

EN

Various materials and compounds have been used in the design of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) phantoms to mimic biological tissue properties, including diffusion. This review thus provides an overview of the preparations of the various DW-MRI phantoms available in relation to the limitations and strengths of materials/solutions used to fill them. The narrative review conducted from relevant databases shows that synthesizing all relevant compounds from individual liquids, gels, and solutions based on their identified strengths could contribute to the development of a novel multifunctional DW-MRI phantom. The proposed multifunctional material at varied concentrations, when filled into a multi-compartment Perspex container of cylindrical or spherical geometry, could serve as a standard DW-MRI phantom. The standard multifunctional phantom could potentially provide DW-MRI quality control test parameters in one study session.

18

Analyzing Process Quality Control Variables Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

Cogollo-Florez Juan, Valencia-Mena Orfani

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2022

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Vol. 13, No. 3

94--101

EN

Abstract Meeting quality characteristics of products and processes is an important issue for customer satisfaction and business competitiveness. It is necessary to integrate new techniques and tools that improve and complement traditional process variables analysis. This paper proposes a new methodological approach to analyze process quality control variables using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. Application of the methodology in the production process of carbonated beverages allowed identifying process variables with the greatest influence on finished product quality. The process variables with the greatest impact on carbon dioxide content in the beverage were the beverage temperature in the filler, the carbo-cooler pressure, and the filler pressure.

19

Zastosowanie analizy termograwimetrycznej w recyklingu odpadów gumowych

Rodak Agata, Formela Krzysztof

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2022

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nr 4

20--24

PL

Rozdrabnianie odpadów gumowych stanowi podstawową metodę ich recyklingu, a otrzymane granulaty gumowe znajdują zastosowanie w modyfikacji polimerów, asfaltów czy cementów. Komercyjnie dostępne granulaty gumowe charakteryzowane są głównie przez analizę sitową informującą o rozkładzie i średniej wielkości cząstek gumy. Brakuje natomiast informacji na temat składu przetwarzanych odpadów gumowych, co znacząco ogranicza dalszy rozwój technologii ich recyklingu oraz upcyklingu gumy. W artykule omówiono możliwości zastosowania analizy termograwimetrycznej w kontroli jakości odpadów gumowych, która dostarcza informacji na temat składu oraz stabilności termicznej przetwarzanych odpadów gumowych. Ponadto w pracy przedstawiono również wyniki badań własnych z wykorzystaniem omawianej techniki w ocenie właściwości produktów recyklingu zużytych opon samochodowych.

EN

Shredding of rubber waste is the main method of its recycling, and the obtained rubber granules are used to modify polymers, asphalts or cements. Commercially available rubber granules are mainly characterised by sieve analysis, which provides information on the distribution and average size of rubber particles. However, there is no information on the composition of processed rubber waste, which significantly limits the further development of rubber recycling and upcycling technologies. The article discusses the possibility of using thermogravimetric analysis in rubber waste quality control, which provides information on the composition and thermal stability of processed rubber waste. In addition, we presents the results of our own research, in which we used the discussed technique to evaluate the properties of products made from recycled waste tyres.

20

Study of process stability in injection molding based on product weight

Chaciński Tomasz, Jaskólski Piotr, Pałubicki Michał

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 6, No 1

21--25

EN

This paper describes a stability study of a plastic injection molding process. There is a need - underpinned by economic considerations - to continuously improve and lead to a maximum reduction in the level of deficiencies in production processes. One of the methods that can help to improve the process is SPC (Statistical Process Control). One of the SPC tools are proces capability indicators (Cp, Cpk) or performance indicators, such as Pp, Ppk. In this paper, on a mass measuring station, a study was conducted on three types of products manufactured in a company, and the measurements concerned each piece of the product manufactured during one work shift. The data collected were used to calculate the process capability and to evaluate these processes.