Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Experimental studies of the carrying capacity of the drilling fluid

Chudyk Igor, Dudych Ivan, Seniushkovych Mykola, Vytvytsky Ivan, Vytiaz Andrii

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 9

584--591

EN

The main factors affecting the efficiency of the carrying capacity of drilling fluid are analysed in the paper. A description of the design of an experimental setup for modeling the well flushing process is presented, which makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of the carrying capacity of a fluid from a variety of factors under study. To conduct experimental studies of the influence of factors on the efficiency of cleaning wells from cuttings, an experimental plan was built using the Taguchi methods for six factors at three levels of their change. According to the plan, we studied the effect of such parameters on the carrying capacity of the drilling fluid at various values of its flow rate: the variability of the drill string in the well; the cuttings particle diameter; the plastic viscosity of the drilling fluid; the pulsation frequency; the rotation of the drill string and its longitudinal movement. The nature of the formation of stagnant rock zones in the annulus of directional wells has been assessed. The influence of factors according to the constructed plan of the experiment at the distance of the beginning of settlement of the cuttings was studied. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that changing the range of these factors reduces the volume of rock deposited on the lower wall of the directional wellbore. It has been established that the use of a pulsating flow of flushing fluid makes it possible to reduce the value of its consumption and improve the efficiency of cleaning the annular space of wells from cuttings.

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano główne czynniki wpływające na efektywność nośności płuczek wiertniczych. Podano opis projektu eksperymentalnej instalacji do modelowania procesu płukania otworów, która pozwala na ocenę efektywności nośności płynu od różnych badanych czynników. W celu przeprowadzenia badań eksperymentalnych wpływu czynników na efektywność oczyszczania otworów ze zwiercin zbudowano plan eksperymentu metodami Taguchi dla sześciu czynników na trzech poziomach ich zmiany. Zgodnie ze skonstruowanym planem zbadano wpływ następujących parametrów na nośność płuczki wiertniczej przy różnych wartościach jej natężenia przepływu: mimośrodowość przewodu wiertniczego w otworze, średnica cząstek zwiercin, lepkość plastyczna płuczki wiertniczej, częstotliwość pulsacji, obrót przewodu wiertniczego i jego ruch wzdłużny. Oceniono charakter powstawania stref stagnacji cząstek skalnych w przestrzeni pierścieniowej odwiertów kierunkowych. Zgodnie ze skonstruowanym planem eksperymentu badano wpływ poszczególnych czynników na długość początkowego odcinka osadzania się zwiercin. Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych badań ustalono, że zmiana zakresu tych czynników zmniejsza objętość skały, która osadziła się na dolnej ścianie odwiertu kierunkowego. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie pulsacyjnego przepływu płynu przemywającego pozwala na zmniejszenie wartości jej zużycia oraz poprawę efektywności oczyszczania przestrzeni pierścieniowej otworów ze zwiercin.

2

Effect of soil consolidation on the fractality of the filtration law

Panahov Geylani, Museibli Parviz, Sultanov Babek

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 28, no. 1

84--94

EN

In this paper, the effect of consolidation of the soil structure on the fractality of the fluid flow was evaluated. The equation of fractal law of flow in the porous medium under consolidation of two-phase, fully fluid-saturated soil was determined. Given all the simplifications, as well as the undoubted importance of the nature of the porous medium, which primarily determine the possible processes of both consolidation and fractal flow based on the results of the studies, we can conclude that a homogeneous porous reservoir at given parameters under the effect of groundwater pressure will expand its fractal structure.

3

Influence of the disturbance created in the measuring channel on the readings of the hot-wire anemometric sensor

Nitkiewicz Szymon, Al-Jumaily Ahmed

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 3

art. no. 2023315

EN

The research presents issues related to fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and statistics. In the first sections, the authors review methods and parameters of fluid measurements. The work mainly emphasizes measurements concerning the parameters of air flows during human breathing. In the following section, the test bench for the analysis is described, and the methodology of data acquisition is described. Finally, the authors present a numerical model of the measurement channel and its calculations compared to measurements from an actual test stand. The data acquirement was performed with LabVIEW, modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics®, and calculations with MATLAB software.

4

Numerical modelling of SS316L powder flowability for laser powder-bed fusion

Bouabbou A., Vaudreuil S.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 120, nr 1

22--29

EN

Purpose: This work aims to improve the powder-bed spreading process for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing by gaining a greater understanding of metal powder flowability through numerical modelling and in-situ experimentation. Design/methodology/approach: Using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to study the flowability of the powder and its intrinsic properties. A high-fidelity particle-scale model was developed to capture the dynamics of metal particle interactions in a virtual Hall flow meter based on a modified Beverloo law. The results are validated experimentally using the Hall flow static powder characterisation technique. Findings: For SS316L powder alloy with the hall-value of 29s/50g and with an angle of repose (AOR) of 32°, the modelled powder that exhibited the same flow behaviour was found using 0.5 for both rolling and sliding coefficients resulting in simulated Hall value of 28.55s/50g with a simulated flow rate of 0.571 g/s, which is validated by AOR of the simulated powder [31.2°- 32.6°]. However, rolling friction had minimal effect on the mass flow rate but increased the angle of repose. Sliding friction significantly decreased the mass flow rate and increased AOR. Research limitations/implications: DEM is an ideal method to study flowability. However, there are certain constraints imposed on the computational power by a number of simulated particles and simulation time-step. Future research may involve investigating other dynamic flowability characterisation techniques. Practical implications: Enabling a better understanding of powder particle flow at a micro-scale by modelling powder flowability. This leads to simulating a more realistic powder bed and improving the powder spreading process, leading to better AM parts quality. Originality/value: This paper provides a unique approach for modelling the flowability of SS316L powder using a Beverloo law-based design of the Hall flow meter. This will improve the modelling of the spreading process needed for metal 3D printing.

5

Research on sand resistance performance of comprehensive protection facilities for desert hinterland highways under strong wind environment

Yin Wenhua, Wang Xu, Wu Yongxiang, Wang Fang

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 4

683--698

EN

Based on the test and observation of the desert hinterland wind field, combined with the numerical simulation of Fluent wind-sand two-phase flow, the sand resistance performances of comprehensive protection in the desert hinterland under strong wind environment are researched. The transient wind speed and wind direction around the comprehensive protection facility are measured by two 3D ultrasonic anemometers on the highway in the desert hinterland, and the initial wind speed of the sand flow is provided for the numerical simulation boundary. The sedimentary sand particles around the comprehensive protection facility are collected for particle size analysis, and the particle size distributions of sedimentary sand particles at different locations are obtained. Numerical models of high vertical sand barriers, grass checkered sand barriers and roadbeds are established by Fluent, the wind-sand flow structures around the comprehensive protection facilities and desert hinterland highway under the strong wind environment are obtained, and the influence laws of the comprehensive protection facilities on the movement of wind-sand flow and sand deposition characteristics are obtained. The study found that the comprehensive protection facilities disturbed the wind and sand flow, and there are significant airflow partitions around the comprehensive protection facilities. The wind speed decreases rapidly after the wind-sand flows through the high vertical sand barrier; the wind-sand flow rises at the end of the high vertical sand barrier. When the wind-sand flow moves around the grass checkered sand barrier, the wind speed has dropped to the range of 0-3 m/s, and the wind speed near the ground by the grass checkered sand barrier is further reduced. Due to the existence of the concave surface of the grass grid, there are small vortices inside the grass grid sand barrier. Large sand particles are mainly deposited on the windward side and inside of high vertical sand barriers. The grass checkered sand barrier forms a stable concave surface to generate backflow, which can ensure that the sand surface does not sand itself in a strong wind environment, and can also make a small amount of sand carried in the airflow accumulate around the groove of the grass checkered sand barrier. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the measured results, and the comprehensive protection measures have achieved good sand control effects.

6

Experimental and numerical analyses on crushing behaviour of drawn cups of laser welded tailored blanks under axial loading

Katiyar Bhupesh Singh, Panda Sushanta Kumar, Saha Partha

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 4

art. no. e211, 2022

EN

It is imperative to characterize the crushing behaviour of deep drawn components of tailor welded blanks for their wide applications in different autobody structures. In the present work, extra deep drawing steel sheets were laser welded to produce welded blanks of similar thickness and dissimilar thickness (LWTBs), and these were deformed using a two stage deep drawing setup to fabricate geometrically similar drawn cups consisting of both hemispherical and cylindrical segments. Subsequently, these drawn cups were axially crushed between two flat platens to study collapse modes, load–displacement responses and energy absorption capabilities. The collapse of the drawn cups was found to onset with an inward dimpling of the hemispherical segment. As deformation progressed, the folding of cylindrical section occurred either axisymmetrically or unevenly based on the extent of non-uniform thickness variations across the weld zone (WZ). It was also found that the load–displacement response and energy absorption of the cups were enhanced because of the presence of WZ and thickness difference in LWTBs. Also, finite element-based numerical models were developed to collate the prediction capabilities of three different anisotropic material models viz. Hill48, YLD89, and Stoughton non-associated flow rule (S-NAFR)-based model. All these material models were successfully calibrated to predict the collapse modes, but the S-NAFR model was found to closely predict the load–displacement curves and energy absorption. Furthermore, the assessment of specific energy absorption and crushing force efficiency suggested that lightweight LWTB components can be fabricated with improved crashworthiness performance using sheet materials of different thickness.

7

Szkło przyjazne dla urządzeń mobilnych – porównanie rozwiązań z punktu widzenia użytkownika końcowego

Lilja Juha

Świat Szkła

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2021

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R. 26, nr 1

43--48

8

Wavelet-based numerical solution for MHD boundary-layer flow due to stretching sheet

Karkera Harinakshi, Katagi Nagaraj N.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 26, no. 3

84--103

EN

In this paper, a two-dimensional steady flow of a viscous fluid due to a stretching sheet in the presence of a magnetic field is considered. We proposed two new numerical schemes based on the Haar wavelet coupled with a collocation approach and quasi-linearization process for solving the Falkner-Skan equation representing the governing problem. The important derived quantities representing the fluid velocity and wall shear stress for various values of flow parameters Mand βare calculated. The proposed methods enable us to obtain the solutions even for negative β, nonlinear stretching parameter, and smaller values of the magnetic parameter ()M1< which was missing in the earlier findings. Numerical and graphical results obtained show an excellent agreement with the available findings and demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the developed schemes. Another significant advantage of the present method is that it does not depends on small parameters and initial presumptions unlike in traditional semi-analytical and numerical methods.

9

Effects of rotation on transient fluid flow and heat transfer through a curved square duct: the case of negative rotation

Hasan Mohammad Sanjeed, Mollah Md. Tusher, Kumar Dipankar, Mondal Rabindra Nath, Lorenzini Giulio

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 26, no. 4

29--50

EN

The fluid flow and heat transfer through a rotating curved duct has received much attention in recent years because of vast applications in mechanical devices. It is noticed that there occur two different types of rotations in a rotating curved duct such as positive and negative rotation. The positive rotation through the curved duct is widely investigated while the investigation on the negative rotation is rarely available. The paper investigates the influence of negative rotation for a wide range of Taylor number [...] when the duct itself rotates about the center of curvature. Due to the rotation, three types of forces including Coriolis, centrifugal, and buoyancy forces are generated. The study focuses and explains the combined effect of these forces on the fluid flow in details. First, the linear stability of the steady solution is performed. An unsteady solution is then obtained by time-evolution calculation and flow transition is determined by calculating phase space and power spectrum. When Tr is raised in the negative direction, the flow behavior shows different flow instabilities including steady-state, periodic, multi-periodic, and chaotic oscillations. Furthermore, the pattern variations of axial and secondary flow velocity and isotherms are obtained, and it is found that there is a strong interaction between the flow velocities and the isotherms. Then temperature gradients are calculated which show that the fluid mixing and the acts of secondary flow have a strong influence on heat transfer in the fluid. Diagrams of unsteady flow and vortex structure are further sketched and precisely elucidate the curvature effects on unsteady fluid flow. Finally, a comparison between the numerical and experimental data is discussed which demonstrates that both data coincide with each other.

10

Experimental Investigation of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Coir Fibres

Lakhiar Muhammad Tarque, Lakhiar Muhammad Tahir, Abdullah Abd Halid, Mohamad Noridah

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2021

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Vol. 31, no. 2

163--177

EN

Many researchers have investigated alternative sources to overcome the problem of conventional building material polluting the environment by the development of green self-compacting concrete in the construction industry. The best alternative solution is to utilise non-conventional construction materials like agricultural wastes. Meanwhile, self-compacting concrete (SCC) is considered as high strength as well as high-performance concrete. The demerits, which include tensile and flexural strength, can be improved by incorporating coir fibres. The utilisation of coir fibres also modifies self-compacting concrete performance after cracking and improves the toughness. This study defines an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete containing coir fibres (CF) with different percentages being 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% at 7- and 28-days water curing. The mechanical properties include the slump flow and compressive and tensile strength were examined. The outcomes demonstrated that a required slump flow for self-compacting concrete was achieved using coir fibres up to 1%, beyond which it reduced the slump significantly. The length of fibre and proportion of fibres directly affected the workability. The compressive strength was 10% to 15% enhanced with the incorporation of coir fibres up to 0.5%; after that, the strength was slightly reduced, and tensile strength was 30% to 50% improved compared to conventional self-compacting concrete up to 1% of coir fibres incorporation in the SCC mix, after which it rapidly reduced.

11

Rozwój retencji nie zawsze idzie w dobrym kierunku

Szklarek Sebastian

Wodociągi - Kanalizacja

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2020

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nr 6

12--14

12

Assessment of Security of Water Supply for Benissa Municipality, Spain Employing the Shannon-Weaver Model

Miazga Maciej, Królikowska Jadwiga

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 2

593--604

EN

This publication is a presentation of the methodology to determine the degree of diversification and allocation of water resources in water supply systems; with a differentiated level of need based on the example of the municipality of Benissa Spain. The article shows a frequency of the changes and factors that affect the functioning of the water supply system. Moreover, its presents the calculation of the diversification indices for the selected water supply system while the methodology offers the possibility of evaluating the diversification of water resources in two parameters according to an adapted form of the Shannon-Weaver index.

PL

Publikacja przedstawia metody wyznaczenia współczynnika dywersyfikacji i alokacji zasobów wodnych dla systemu zbiorowego zapotrzebowania wody cechującego się zróżnicowanym jej zapotrzebowaniem na przykładzie miasta Benissa w Hiszpanii. W pracy przedstawiono obliczenia stopnia dywersyfikacji zasobów wodnych, metodą dwu-parametryczną, wg zaadaptowanego wskaźnika Shannona-Weavera.

13

The four-sided lid driven square cavity using stream function-vorticity formulation

Bagai Shobha, Kumar Manoj, Patel Arvind

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

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2020

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Vol. 19, nr 2

17--30

EN

In this paper, an unsteady 2-D incompressible fluid flow with heat and mass transfer in a four-sided lid driven square cavity is investigated numerically. The top, bottom, left, and right walls of the square cavity move to the right, left, downward and upward respectively. All four sides of the cavity move with a uniform velocity. The flow variables are simulated below the critical Reynolds numbers with isothermal and mass-transfer conditions in the square cavity. We have used a streamfunction-vorticity (ψ - ξ) formulation to investigate the fluid flow in terms of flow variables ψ, ξ, T and C at low Reynolds numbers (Re). The Prandtl number (Pr) and Schmidt number (Sc) have been chosen as 6:62 and 10, 50, 100, 150 respectively, in order to calculate the numerical solutions of T and C. The matrix method has been used to evaluate the stability and convergence of the numerical scheme. The conditions obtained from the matrix method have been used to arrive at the numerical solutions with desired accuracy.

14

Optimization of heat transfer properties of nanofluid flow over a shrinking surface through mathematical modeling

Bhandari A., Pavan Kumar Pannala R. K.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 25, no. 2

40--56

EN

In the current study, a three dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow over a shrinking surface with associated thermal buoyancy, thermal radiation, and heating absorption effects, as well as viscous dissipation have been investigated. The model has been represented in a set of partial differential equations and is transformed using suitable similarity transformations which are then solved by using the finite element method through COMSOL. The results for velocity and temperature profiles are provided for various values of the shrinking parameter, Biot’s number, heat generation/absorption parameter, thermal Grashof number, nanoparticle volume fraction, permeability parameter, magnetic parameter and radiation parameter.

15

Numerical computation of low Reynolds number viscous flow past bluff bodies

Tarafder Md. Shahjada, Mursaline Miad Al

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 25, no. 3

133--157

EN

This article presents a two-dimensional steady viscous flow simulation past circular and square cylinders at low Reynolds numbers (based on the diameter) by the finite volume method with a non-orthogonal body-fitted grid. Diffusive fluxes are discretized using central differencing scheme, and for convective fluxes upwind and central differencing schemes are blended using a ‘deferred correction’ approach. A simplified pressure correction equation is derived, and proper under-relaxation factors are used so that computational cost is reduced without adversely affecting the convergence rate. The governing equations are expressed in Cartesian velocity components and solution is carried out using the SIMPLE algorithm for collocated arrangement of variables. The mesh yielding grid-independent solution is then utilized to study, for the very first time, the effect of the Reynolds number on the separation bubble length, separation angle, and drag coefficients for both circular and square cylinders. Finally, functional relationships between the computed quantities and Reynolds number (Re) are proposed up to Re = 40. It is found that circular cylinder separation commences between Re= 6.5-6.6, and the bubble length, separation angle, total drag vary as Re, Re-0.5, Re-0.5 respectively. Extrapolated results obtained from the empirical relations for the circular cylinder show an excellent agreement with established data from the literature. For a square cylinder, the bubble length and total drag are found to vary as Re and Re-0.666, and are greater than these for a circular cylinder at a given Reynolds number. The numerical results substantiate that a square shaped cylinder is more bluff than a circular one.

16

Determination of spreading and flow behavior of brazing fillers

Uhlig Thomas, Sattler Benjamin, Wagner Guntram, Weis Sebastian

Welding Technology Review

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2019

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R. 91, nr 10

43--49

EN

The development of new brazing fillers requires knowledge about their properties in comparison to well established fillers. Therefore, the determination of the spreading and flow behavior is necessary. By now, different measuring techniques are combined in order to reach a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms. Especially in case of flux brazing, conventional measuring techniques cannot be used. Due to the industrial demand of application-related experiments, the intended setup should be simple and easily to arrange. This paper deals with the development of a new procedure to determine the spreading and flow behavior of brazing fillers employing flux. The experimental setup, which consists of a commercially available induction heater, equipped with a temperature controller, is mounted inside a gas and vacuum tight chamber. A CCD camera system is used to record the spreading and flow behavior on surfaces as well as inside narrow gaps. The results of experiments using different fillers and base materials are presented. The measurements of the spreading area and the flow velocity under defined conditions allow a quantitative evaluation of the properties of the fillers. Thus, the comparison of different fillers among each other is possible.

PL

Opracowanie nowych lutów twardych wymaga wiedzy o ich właściwościach w porównaniu do dobrze znanych wypełniaczy. Dlatego konieczne jest określenie rozpływności i przepływu. Do tej pory łączone są różne techniki pomiarowe, aby uzyskać kompleksowe zrozumienie mechanizmów. Zwłaszcza w przypadku lutowania topnikiem, gdzie nie można zastosować konwencjonalnych technik pomiarowych. Ze względu na przemysłowe zapotrzebowanie na eksperymenty związane z aplikacją, planowana konfiguracja powinna być prosta i łatwa do zorganizowania. Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy opracowania nowej procedury określania sposobu rozpływności i płynięcia lutów wypełniających wykorzystujących topnik. Układ eksperymentalny, który składa się z dostępnej w handlu nagrzewnicy indukcyjnej, wyposażonej w kontroler temperatury, jest zamontowany wewnątrz szczelnej komory gazowej i próżniowej. System kamer CCD służy do rejestrowania rozpływności i płynięcia na powierzchniach oraz w wąskich szczelinach. Przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentów z różnymi wypełniaczami i materiałami podstawowymi. Pomiary obszaru rozpływności i prędkości przepływu w określonych warunkach pozwalają na ilościową ocenę właściwości wypełniaczy. Możliwe jest zatem porównanie różnych wypełniaczy między sobą.

17

The Use of a Standardized Runoff Indicator for Hydrological Characterization of Selected Rivers of Poland and Slovakia

Kubiak-Wojcicka Katarzyna, Zeleňáková Martina, Purcz Pavol, Simovova Dorota

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2019

|

Tom 21, cz. 1

167--183

EN

This study compares river discharge of two catchments in Central Europe. The catchments' areas are similar while their geological structure differs significantly. The River Laborec (Slovakia) is an example of a mountain river, draining hardly permeable land. The River Gwda (Poland) is a lowland river, draining mainly sandy formations. The study used average monthly flows in the period of 1980-2010 measured on water gauges Humenne and Izkovce on the river Laborec and water gauges Piła and Ptusza on the river Gwda. The aim of the study is a review of hydrological drought course in two catchments that differ in their structure. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the SRI (Standardized Runoff Index), which was calculated in various time scales, i.e. 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. It is a dimensionless index, which allows determination and comparison of dry and wet periods for rivers in various regions. The analysis of duration and intensity of the SRI in short time periods revealed that hydrological droughts on the river Gwda lasted longer and were less intense than in case of river Laborec. The duration of the wet periods (SRI > 1.0) was similar on both rivers, however the phenomenon intensity was higher on the mountain river. The analysis of longer accumulation periods revealed that on the river Gwda wet periods got longer, while hydrological drought periods were shortened. In case of the river Laborec, wet periods were slightly shortened, while drought periods have extended significantly.

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu porównano odpływ rzeczny w 2 zlewniach centralnej Europy o podobnej powierzchni zlewni i zróżnicowanej budowie geologicznej. Rzeka Laborec (Słowacja) jest przykładem rzeki górskiej, odwadniającej tereny trudno przepuszczalne, natomiast rzeka Gwda (Polska) reprezentuje zlewnie pojezierną, zbudowaną głównie z utworów piaszczystych. W opracowaniu wykorzystano średnie miesięczne wartości przepływów w okresie 1980-2010 na posterunkach wodowskazowych Humenne i Izkovce na rzece Laborec oraz Piła i Ptusza na rzece Gwdzie. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest ocena przebiegu suszy hydrologicznej w dwóch zlewniach o zróżnicowanej budowie. Analizę przeprowadzono w oparciu o wskaźnik SRI (Standardized Runoff Index), który obliczono w różnych skalach czasowych tj. 1, 3, 6, 9 i 12 miesięcy. Jest to bezwymiarowy wskaźnik, który umożliwia wyznaczenie i porównanie okresów suchych i mokrych dla rzek z różnych regionów. Analiza czasu trwania i intensywności wskaźnika SRI w krótkich skalach czasowych wykazała, że susze hydrologiczne (SRI < -1.0) na rzece Gwdzie trwały dłużej i charakteryzowały się mniejszą intensywnością niż w przypadku rzeki Laborec. Czas trwania okresów wilgotnych (SRI > 1.0) był podobny w obu rzekach, jednak większą intensywność zjawiska notowano w rzece górskiej. Analiza dłuższych okresów kumulowania wykazała, że dla Gwdy okresy wilgotne uległy wydłużeniu, natomiast skróceniu uległy okresy suszy hydrologicznej. W przypadku rzeki Laborec okresy wilgotne uległy niewielkiemu skróceniu, natomiast okresy suszy zdecydowanie uległy wydłużeniu.

18

Wpływ oczyszczenia danych pomiarowych na wyznaczenie wartości przepływu masowego za pomocą kryzy

Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk Anna, Hanus Robert, Zych Marcin, Mrowiec Andrzej

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2019

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R. 95, nr 11

56--58

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę oczyszczenia eksperymentalnych wyników pomiaru przepływu masowego za pomocą kryzy z systematycznych oddziaływań. Zaprezentowano także wpływ przeprowadzenia takiej procedury na zmianę wartości estymaty menzurandu przepływu oraz wartości niepewności typu A. Wyniki uzyskanych analiz pozwalają potwierdzić zasadność kontrolowania składowych systematycznych w wynikach pomiaru przepływu cieczy i ich eliminacji przed przeprowadzeniem procedury szacowania niepewności pomiaru.

EN

The article presents an analysis of the purification of experimental mass flow measurement results from systematic interactions. The influence of performing such a procedure on changing the value of the flow estimation and the uncertainty of type A is presented. The results of the obtained analyzes allow to confirm the validity of controlling the systematic components in the results of liquid flow measurement and their elimination before conducting the procedure of estimating the uncertainty of measurement.

19

Badania przepływu płynu nieściśliwego przez wybraną kryzę segmentową

Mrowiec Andrzej, Heronimczak Marcin

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2019

|

R. 95, nr 11

63--65

PL

Kryzy segmentowe ze względu na swoją budowę zapewniają wiarygodne pomiary dla przepływu płynów zanieczyszczonych ciałami stałymi tworzącymi zawiesiny, które mogą wytrącać się w układach przesyłowych w postaci osadów i zaburzać przez to przepływ. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji numerycznych oraz eksperymentalnych badań przepływowych przez kryzę segmentową o przewężeniu β = 0,5. Wyznaczono za jej pomocą minimalną wartość liczby ReD, dla której można już uznać, że współczynnik przepływu ma stałą wartość.

EN

The segmented flanges , due to its structure, allow to take reliable measurements for flow of fluids polluted with solid bodies forming the suspensions that can precipitate in the transmission systems in the form of deposits and disturb the flow. The results of numerical simulations and experimental flow research through segmented flange of necking β = 0,5 were presented in the article. The minimum value of Re number was determined for it, of which flow coefficient has constant value.

20

Visualization and flow velocity determination of molten polymers

Sterzyński Tomasz, Bula Karol

Polimery

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2019

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T. 64, nr 9

569--576

EN

The determination of flow vectors of molten polymer by dies and mold cavities filling is a topic of many investigations, realized by various measurement techniques. The non-direct measurements are based on temperature or pressure fields determination along the flow channels, where the sensors are usually positioned in the streaming polymers, leading to flow field disturbance. The Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is an efficient touchless measurement technique of streaming gases and liquids velocity, delivering directly values of the flow velocity and its direction. Principle and examples of LDV determined flow velocity distribution, are presented. The direct flow lines determination maybe done by using markers with a plate-like form, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fractured product surface.

PL

Pomiar wektorów prędkości przepływu stopionych polimerów przez dysze i kanały form wtryskowych stanowi przedmiot badań prowadzonych z zastosowaniem różnych technik. Pośrednie pomiary są oparte na ocenie pola wartości temperatury lub/i ciśnienia na długości kanału, przy czym czujniki z reguły są umieszczane bezpośrednio w przepływającym polimerze, co może prowadzić do zakłóceń przepływu. Laserowa ocena przepływu z wykorzystaniem efektu Dopplera w optyce (LDV) to bardzo efektywna bezstykowa metoda pomiaru przepływu gazów i cieczy, pozwalająca na określenie prędkości i kierunku przepływu. Opisano zasady dokonywania pomiarów oraz przykłady zastosowania LDV. Bezpośrednią ocenę charakteru przepływu umożliwia wykorzystanie markerów w postaci napełniaczy płytkowych w polimerze i następnie obserwacja przełomów wyrobu za pomocą skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej (SEM).