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  1. 6 Polish Maritime Research
  2. 3 Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
  3. 2 Logistyka
  4. 2 Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering
  5. 2 Transactions on Aerospace Research
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  1. 2 Abramowicz-Gerigk T.
  2. 2 Burciu Z.
  3. 2 Bzura Piotr
  4. 2 Jóźwik K.
  5. 2 Karczewski M.
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  1. 1 2023
  2. 1 2022
  3. 3 2021
  4. 3 2020
  5. 3 2019
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1
Content available Test Stand for Propellers and Rotors in VTOL Drone Systems
Wojtas Małgorzata, Wyszkowski Przemysław, Mądro Mirosław, Osiewicz Maciej, Kmita Paweł
Transactions on Aerospace Research
|
2023
|
Nr 1 (270)
67--85
EN
The paper proposes a stand that can be used for the testing of propellers and rotors with diameters up to 2.4 m, whose areas of application encompass, inter alia, vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) type multi-rotor drone systems. The presented solution allows for testing propellers in systems with electric motors. To a certain extent, it is possible to achieve an increase in the measuring range by changing electric motors, power supply systems and measuring sensors. The paper presents several solutions for test stands that can be applied in the testing of propeller parameters, and commercially available propellers have also been deployed in the testing routines. The paper briefly presents the concept of the stand and its design, as well as the principle of operation and structural calculations underlying its functioning, after which the numerical model of the test stand is explained. The article then demonstrates the particular results of the test stand model’s functioning using the EMRAX 188 electric motor and two propellers, namely a commercial Aerobat propeller and a composite propeller designed and manufactured at the Łukasiewicz - Institute of Aviation. Thus, the paper presents both the theoretical results that follow from the model and the results of experimental research.
2
Content available Effects of rudder and blade pitch on hydrodynamic performance of marine propeller using CFD
Quang Pham Ky, Hung Phan Van, Cong Nguyen Chi, Tung Trinh Xuan
Polish Maritime Research
|
2022
|
nr 2
55--63
EN
The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict internal and external flows has risen dramatically in the past decade. This research aims to use the commercial software, ANSYS Fluent V.14.5, to illustrate the effects of the rudder and blade pitch on the hydrodynamic performance of the marine propeller by experimenting with propellers and rudders of the M/V Tan Cang Foundation ship, which has designed conditions as follows: diameter of 3.65 m; speed of 200 rpm; average pitch of 2.459 m; boss ratio of 0.1730. Using CFD, the characteristic curves of the marine propeller and some important results showed that the maximum efficiency of the propeller is 0.66 with the open water propeller and 0.689 with the rudder‒propeller system at the advance ratio of 0.6. The obtained outcomes of this research are a significant foundation to calculate and design an innovative kind of propulsion for ships with high performance.
3
Content available Determining the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Propeller-Driven Anti-UAV Fighter While Designing Air Propellers
Loginov Vasyl, Ukrainets Yevgen, Popov Viktor, Spirkin Yevgen
Transactions on Aerospace Research
|
2021
|
Nr 4 (265)
53--67
EN
Given the rising importance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), this article addresses the urgent scientific problem of determining the aerodynamic characteristics of a UAV while laying out the propellers for the wings. We discuss the methodology for experimental wind-tunnel studies of aircraft configurations with propellers. It is shown that a characteristic feature of the configuration small-elongation wing with propellers is the absence of elements that are not affected by propellers. This feature makes it difficult to implement and automate a wind tunnel experiment, since there are problems with providing similar criteria for a working propeller; it is difficult to achieve perfect balancing for solid drive propellers, which causes vibration, the level of which depends on uncontrolled factors; the inability to neglect the presence of the body elements influence to the blades of propellers; the difficulty of direct measuring propeller thrust and torque. The presented methodology involves the integrated usage of experimental and numerical methods to eliminate the difficulties in conducting physical experiments in a wind tunnel. This approach makes it possible to combine the high credibility of experimental data in the study of the physical essence of phenomena with high efficiency and accuracy in determining aerodynamic characteristics by numerical methods. Using this approach, we established dependences of the aerodynamic characteristics of the small-elongation wing configuration with counter-rotating propellers on the geometric and kinematic parameters of the configuration for other extensions and constrictions of the wings. These data can serve as the basis for the development of recommendations for the selection of sensible geometric parameters of the aerodynamic configuration of a small-elongation wing with counter-rotating propellers.
PL
W artykule podjęto problem wyznaczania charakterystyk aerodynamicznych podczas projektowania śmigieł do skrzydeł małych bezzałogowych statków powietrznych (UAV). Omówiono metodykę eksperymentalnych badań nad różnymi konfiguracjami statków ze śmigłami w tunelu aerodynamicznym. Wykazano, że konfiguracje skrzydła o małym wydłużeniu ze śmigłami charakteryzują się brakiem elementów, na które śmigła nie mają wpływu. Cecha ta utrudnia realizację i automatyzację eksperymentów w tunelu aerodynamicznym, powodując problemy z zapewnieniem podobnych warunków do pracy śmigła, trudność w uzyskaniu idealnego wyważenia dla śmigieł z napędem stałym, drgania, których intensywność zależy od niekontrolowanych czynników, niemożność pominięcia obecności elementów nadwozia oddziałujących na łopaty śmigieł oraz trudność bezpośredniego pomiaru ciągu i momentu obrotowego śmigła. Przedstawiona metodyka polega na zintegrowanym wykorzystaniu metod eksperymentalnych i numerycznych w celu wyeliminowania trudności w przeprowadzaniu eksperymentów w tunelu aerodynamicznym. Takie podejście pozwala na połączenie wysokiej wiarygodności danych doświadczalnych w badaniu fizycznej istoty zjawisk z wysoką efektywnością i dokładnością wyznaczania charakterystyk aerodynamicznych metodami numerycznymi. Ustalono zależności charakterystyk aerodynamicznych konfiguracji skrzydła o małym wydłużeniu ze śmigłami przeciwbieżnymi od parametrów geometrycznych i kinematycznych konfiguracji dla innych wydłużeń i zwężeń skrzydeł. Wyniki te mogą stanowić podstawę do opracowania zaleceń dotyczących doboru racjonalnych parametrów geometrycznych konfiguracji aerodynamicznej skrzydła o małym wydłużeniu ze śmigłami przeciwbieżnymi.
4
Content available Modernizacja dydaktycznego stanowiska laboratoryjnego umożliwiającego analizę porównawczą sprawności śrub napędowych jachtu motorowego
Bzura Piotr
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2021
|
Vol. 16, no 1
13--19
PL
W artykule przedstawiono autorską metodę wyznaczania sprawności działania różnych śrub napędowych jachtu motorowego na podstawie wyników badań wykonanych na zmodernizowanym stanowisku laboratoryjnym. Modernizacja stanowiska składającego się ze źródła mocy w postaci silnika elektrycznego, części pośredniczącej i pędnika polegała na dodaniu przetwornika częstotliwości umożliwiającego starowanie silnikiem elektrycznym, czujnika do pomiaru prędkości wody względem pędnika i zanurzenia pędnika (śruby napędowej) w kanale przepływowym. Na podstawie analizy przeprowadzonych badań został przedstawiony algorytm, według którego porównano dwie różne śruby napędowe.
5
Content available Wind tunnel tests of hovering propellers in the transition state of Quad-Plane
Pobikrowska Katarzyna, Goetzendorf-Grabowski Tomasz
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2021
|
Vol. 69, nr 6
art. no. e138821
EN
The following paper presents wind tunnel investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of hovering propellers. This propulsion system may be applied on a lightweight Quad Plane VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). A Quad Plane is a configuration consisting of a quadcopter design combined with a conventional twin-boom airplane. This kind of design should therefore incorporate the advantages of both types of vehicles in terms of agility and long endurance. However, those benefits may come with a cost of worse performance and higher energy consumption. The characteristics of a fixed-wing aircraft and propellers in axial inflow are well documented, less attention is put to non-axial flow cases. VTOL propellers of a hybrid UAV are subject to a multitude of conditions – various inflow speeds and angles, changing RPMs, interference between propellers and between nearby aerodynamic structures. The tested system presented in this article consists of four electric motors with two coaxial pairs of propellers mounted on one of the fuselage beams. Such a configuration is often chosen by designers of small and medium hybrid UAVs. There is a need for studies of clean, efficient ways of transporting, and this article can aid future designers of a new type of electric UAVs.
6
Content available Numerical simulations of the flows past rotating geometries
Simon Jakub, Stankiewicz Witold
Vibrations in Physical Systems
|
2020
|
Vol. 31, nr 3
art. no. 2020318
EN
In the present paper the numerical approach for the modeling of the flow past rotating geometries is presented. Practical methods for two cases are described: the one where whole domain is moving with uniform angular velocity, where the rotation might be included in the governing equations only (in the terms related to Coriolis and centrifugal forces), and the one where part of the domain is rotating, whereas another one is stationary. The second case is illustrated by examples describing the steady and transient flow around a rotating propeller and by a centrifugal pump. Simulations are performed using OpenFOAM CFD solver, with the models covering flow rotation: MRF (multiple reference frame) and AMI (arbitrary mesh interface).
7
Content available Experimental study on dynamic structure of propeller tip vortex
Li Guangnian, Chen Qingren, Liu Yue
Polish Maritime Research
|
2020
|
nr 2
11--18
EN
Propeller cavitation is a main source of fluctuating pressure and noise induced by propellers, and the tip vortex cavitation is the principal source. The present study measures the flow fields near the blade tip using the 2D-PIV technique. The experimental setup and scheme are introduced. We monitor the process of generation and shedding of the propeller tip vortex in real time and analyse the dynamic structure of the tip vortex by testing the propeller wake field under different phases of the axial plane. The distribution characteristics of radial and axial velocity are also analysed. The influence range and the vorticity of the tip vortex and trailing vortex are obtained. All of the measured quantitative data are useful for future propeller design.
8
Content available Porównanie sprawności śrub napędowych jachtu motorowego na stanowisku dydaktycznym
Bzura Piotr
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2020
|
Vol. 15, no 1
18--23
PL
W artykule przedstawiono autorską metodę wyznaczania sprawności działania różnych śrub napędowych jachtu motorowego na podstawie wyników badań wykonanych na stanowisku laboratoryjnym. Zastosowanie takiej metody porównawczej wymagało zbudowania prostego w użytkowaniu stanowiska dydaktycznego odwzorowującego możliwe warunki działania układu napędowego jachtu motorowego, składającego się ze źródła mocy w postaci silnika elektrycznego, części pośredniczącej i pędnika zanurzonego w wodzie. Został przedstawiony algorytm, według którego wykonano badania empiryczne dla dwuskrzydłowej i trzyskrzydłowej śruby napędowej.
9
Content available Innovative project of propellers and thrusters jet loads during ship berthing monitoring system
Abramowicz-Gerigk T., Burciu Z., Hapke Ł.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2019
|
Vol. 13. no. 4
861--865
EN
The growing number of large high powered vessels operated in shallow water ports is the reason that port authorities and terminal operators are interested in online monitoring of loads generated by vessels during manoeuvers close to hydrotechnical constructions. The test version of the loads measurement system based on the mobile laboratory and commercial version of monitoring system based on the cloud technology are presented in the paper.
10
Content available Numerical prediction of propeller-hull interaction characteristics using RANS method
Tu Tran Ngoc, Luu Do Duc, Ha Nguyen Thi Hai, Quynh Nguyen Thi Thu, Vu Nguyen Minh
Polish Maritime Research
|
2019
|
nr 2
163--172
EN
The paper presents the results of computational evaluation of the hull-propeller interaction coefficients, also referred to propulsive coefficients, based on the unsteady RANS flow model. To obtain the propulsive coefficients, the ship resistance, the open-water characteristics of the propeller, and the flow past the hull with working propeller were computed. For numerical evaluation of propeller open-water characteristics, the rotating reference frame approach was used, while for self-propulsion simulation, the rigid body motion method was applied. The rotating propeller was modelled with the sliding mesh technique. The dynamic sinkage and trim of the vessel were considered. The free surface effects were included by employing the volume of fluid method (VOF) for multi-phase flows. The self-propulsion point was obtained by performing two runs at constant speed with different revolutions. The well-known Japan Bulk Carrier (JBC) test cases were used to verify and validate the accuracy of the case studies. The solver used in the study was the commercial package Star-CCM+ from SIEMENS.
11
Content available remote Assessment of the Influence of the Propeller’s Geometry on Acoustic Parameters of Propeller Drive System
Nowacki Marcin
Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering
|
2019
|
Vol. 71, No 2
15--23
EN
The operation of propeller propulsion systems is conditioned by the fulfillment of increasingly stringent admissible standards related to noise emission. Good drive parameters indicate the purposefulness of their use. On the other hand, the constraints in the form of noise reduction contribute to the search for ways to develop the geometry of the so-called "Silent propellers”. This geometry depends on the aerodynamic parameters of the propeller profile, its rotational speed, the number of blades, pitch, etc. Determining the relationship between these parameters is crucial to the development of a new construction. Therefore, the stationary tests of available construction of propellers in terms of their acoustic impact on the surroundings were carried out. On the basis of the research, the structure analysis wasperformed on the acoustic parameters of the drive.
PL
Eksploatacja śmigłowych układów napędowych jest uwarunkowana spełnieniem coraz bardziej rygorystycznych dopuszczalnych norm związanych z emisją hałasu. Dobre parametry napędowe wskazują na celowość ich stosowania. Natomiast stawiane uwarunkowania w postaci ograniczenia hałasu przyczyniają się do poszukiwania sposobów na opracowanie geometrii tzw. „cichych śmigieł”. Geometria ta zależy od parametrów aerodynamicznych profilu śmigła, jego prędkości obrotowej, liczby łopat, skoku itp. Wyznaczenie zależności między tymi parametrami jest kluczowe do opracowania nowej konstrukcji. W związku z tym przeprowadzono badania stanowiskowe dostępnych konstrukcji śmigieł pod względem ich oddziaływania akustycznego na otoczenie. Na podstawie badań przeprowadzono analizę wpływu konstrukcji na parametry akustyczne napędu.
12
Content available Analiza wybranych rozwiązań układów napędowych i urządzeń sterowych stosowanych na holownikach portowo-redowych
Marut T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
|
2018
|
nr 105
107--123
PL
W artykule poddano analizie układy napędowe holowników portowo-redo­wych oraz przedstawiono zalety i wady omówionych pędników i urządzeń sterowych, tj. śruby o stałym skoku, śruby o skoku zmiennym, śruby w dyszy, pędnika azymutalnego, pędnika cykloidalnego, steru Doerffera.
EN
The article analyzes the propulsion systems i.e. of the port tug and shows the advantages and disadvantages of the propeller described fixed-pitch screw, variable pitch screw, nozzle screw, azimuthal propeller, cycloidal propeller, Doerffer's Rudder.
13
Content available Application of vortex flow model in propeller-stator system design and analysis
Król P., Bugalski T.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2018
|
nr 1
35--43
EN
The paper covers basics of the vortex model used for propeller-stator systems. The outline of the design algorithm is given and the results of its application are shown. The designed propeller-stator system was the subject of model tests run at the CTO model basin and cavitation tunnel. Stator’s influence on the delivered power required by the propeller and its revolution rate has been examined by conducting self-propulsion tests with and without stator. The tests performed in the cavitation tunnel revealed only weak tip vortex cavitation on the propeller. No cavitation was observed on the stator at the design point. A wide range of the performed tests allowed the authors to identify details of the developed theory which will require further improvement.
14
Content available remote Modified virtual blade method for propeller modelling
Stajuda M., Obidowski D., Karczewski M., Jóźwik K.
Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 22, nr 2
603--617
EN
The emergence of large, propeller-based aircraft has revived interest in propeller design and optimization with the use of numerical methods. The flow complexity and computational time necessary to solve complicated flow patterns trailing behind rotating blades, created a need for faster than fully resolved 3D CFD, yet comparably accurate methods for validating multiple design points in shorter time. Improved Virtual Blade Method (VBM) for 2-bladed propeller, including method implementation, analysis and validation against 3D numerical and experimental data is presented. The study introduces adjustments to the original method, accounting for differences between VBM and fully resolved numerical models. These modifications prove to increase the model accuracy for the propeller under consideration and could potentially be applied for different blade configurations as well. The modified Virtual Blade Method allows one to compute the propeller performance with comparable accuracy to 3D CFD computation using only 10% of time needed for one computational point.
15
Content available remote The Simulation of the Work of the Automatic Propulsion Steering System in the Zlin 143LSi Aircraft
Krok B., Grzesik N., Kuźma K., Dygnatowski S.
Machine Dynamics Research
|
2018
|
Vol. 42, No. 3
81--88
EN
The article discusses the manner of controlling the propulsion system in the Zlin 143LSi aircraft, which is equipped with a piston engine, which drives the variable-pitch propeller. All the operating procedures are conducted manually by the pilot in compliance with the flight manual. The controller is designed to automatically steer the propulsion system. The aim of the controller is to determine the propeller rotational speed and the recommended angle of attack. In order to check the correct operation of the controller, it was subjected to a simulation, in which the set values of the control signals correspond to the actual flight conditions. The article presents the analysis of the simulation findings and the resulting conclusions.
16
Content available Determination of probabilities defining safety of a sea-going ship during performance of a transportation task in stormy weather conditions
Girtler J.
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2017
|
Vol. 12, no 1
21--30
EN
The paper presents the possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine the limiting distribution for the process of changes of technical states being reliability states of the systems of sea-going ships significantly affecting safety of such ships, which include main engine, propeller and steering gear. The distribution concerns the probabilities of occurrence of the said states defined for a long time of ship operation (t → ∞). The considered states are as follows: s0 – full ability state of the systems, i.e.: main engine, propeller and steering gear, s1 – inability state of the main engine, s2 – inability state of the propeller, s3 – inability state of the steering gear. Significance of the systems for safety of the ships at sea was demonstrated herein. General conditions for performing transportation tasks by the ships, with particular regard to stormy conditions, were also here described.
17
Content available Numerical simulations of hydrodynamic open-water characteristics of a ship propeller
Felicjancik J., Kowalczyk S., Felicjancik K., Kawecki K.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2016
|
nr 4
16--22
EN
The paper presents the results of numerical simulations of ship propeller operation bearing the name of Propeller Open Water (POW) Tests. The object of tests was a sample ship propeller (PPTC1), the geometrical and kinematic data of which are available, along with the results of model tests, on the official page of the research centre involved in the measurements. The research aimed at verifying the correctness of results of numerical simulations performed in the model and real scale. The results of numerical analyses performed in the model scale were confronted with those measured in the experiment. Then, making use of dimensionless coefficients which characterise propeller’s operation, the recorded model data were extrapolated to real conditions and compared with corresponding results of simulations. Both the numerical simulations and the experimental research were performed for the same propeller load states. The reported research is in line with other activities which aim at developing advanced numerical methods to.
18
Content available remote Development of a CFD model for propeller simulation
Stajuda M., Karczewski M., Obidowski D., Jóźwik K.
Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 20, nr 4
579--593
EN
The article presents a development of numerical model for a single propeller simulation and comparison of obtained results with experimental data available from a test campaign in scale 1:1. Described simulation is a steady state computation taking advantage of Multiple Reference Frame model implemented in Ansys CFX. The paper includes an analysis of rotating domain thickness influence on numerical values of thrust and power. The results indicate that this type of simulation may be sensitive to the sizing of rotating domain especially when disc solidity is low, or when the number of blades is 2, a frequent situation in all electric flight vehicles. The analysis shows that performing simulations, using one domain sizing, for a number of flight scenarios requiring analysis of a few rotational speeds can produce unintuitive results. Therefore, it is suggested to calibrate the model, preferably by experimental results.
19
Technologia odlewania śrub okrętowych
Woszek M., Słania J.
Dozór Techniczny
|
2016
|
z. 6
6--11
PL
Artykuł wyjaśnia podstawowe parametry i zagadnienia teoretyczne dotyczące śrub okrętowych. Przedstawiony został proces odlewania śruby okrętowej wraz z wytycznymi spawania naprawczego. Większość materiału została zebrana w stoczni Hyundai w Korei Południowej.
EN
The paper discusses elementary issues of marine propellers, beginning with explanation of fundamental theoretical principles and ending on the casting processes. The majority of information described in this dissertation is based on materials and evidence gathered at Hyundai Heavy Industries Shipyard located in South Korea.
20
Content available Initial considerations for operational parameters intended to minimize fuel consumption by ships in real weather conditions
Cepowski T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2015
|
nr 43 (115)
9--14
EN
The paper presents the concept of modeling a ship’s operating parameters in order to minimize the fuel consumption in real weather conditions. This is an important innovation because, in ship theory, fuel consumption and speed are usually expressed by average values over longer periods of time, which is a significant limitation. This article presents selected topics of the proposed research such as state-of-the-art, general objectives, scientific and technical expectations, scientific and economic extensions, and environmental impacts. The article also proposes an original method of the research.
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