Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Sprawdzanie nośności granicznej ścian zbiorników żelbetowych o przekroju prostokątnym z zastosowaniem modelu warstwowego według nowelizacji Eurokodu

Halicka Anna

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2024

|

R. 80, nr 1-2

26--33

PL

W pracy porównano wyniki wymiarowania ścian przykładowego żelbetowego niskiego silosu na węgiel, wykonane w sposób klasyczny oraz z zastosowaniem modelu warstwowego rekomendowanego w nowelizacji normy EC2-1-1. Obliczenia zostały poprzedzone zestawieniem zaleceń tej normy dotyczących wymiarowania płyt i powłok zgodnie z wyżej wymienionym modelem.

EN

In the paper the calculations of reinforcement area of exemplary reinforced concrete squat silo for coal are presented. The results of classical calculation and calculation executed with use of "sandwich model" are compared. The last one is recommended in the amendment of EC2-1-1 code. The calculations are preceded with compilation of standard recommendations concerning the dimensioning of concrete membranes, shells and plates.

2

Performance tests of paint coatings used for masking armaments and military equipment

Radek Norbert

Technical Transactions

|

2023

|

Vol. 120, iss. 1

art. no. e2023008

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the operational properties of paint coatings for use in military technology in the field of masking. The assessment of the properties was performed on the basis of measurements of the surface geometric structure and adhesion using the peel method. The measurements of specular gloss, colour in the range of 400-700 nm and reflectance in the range of 350-1200 nm were made in relation to the requirements of the Polish Defence Standard NO-80-A200. Coating systems are characterised by their low roughness and good adhesion. Due to their operational properties, the developed coating systems can be used on armaments and military equipment.

3

Trwałość powierzchni okuć o właściwościach antybakteryjnych

Krueger Nicole, Sack Norbert

Świat Szkła

|

2023

|

R. 28, nr 2

17--19

4

Analiza odprężonego szkła giętego na gorąco

Bühlmeier Timo

Świat Szkła

|

2023

|

R. 28, nr 4

42--48

5

Innowacyjność rozwiązań technologicznych piwniczek ekologicznych

Partyka Jacek, Kokocińska-Pakiet Elżbieta, Przybyłko Grzegorz

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2023

|

R. 79, nr 7-8

421--427

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę piwniczek (ziemianek) jako obiektów podziemnych z głównym przeznaczeniem do przechowywania produktów spożywczych w celu przedłużenia ich trwałości. Wskazano na zalety funkcjonowania obiektów i korzyści związane z ich eksploatacją. Zwrócono uwagę na budowę obiektów w środowisku naturalnym i ciągłym kontakcie z naturą. Ponadto poruszono kwestie związane z trudnościami w jednoznacznym określeniu podstawowych wymagań formalnych dla piwniczek lub ziemianek, uwzględniając aktualnie obowiązujące przepisy w tym zakresie. W pracy dokonano także przeglądu technologii stosowanych podczas budowy podziemnych obiektów magazynowych typu ziemianka. Na przykładzie piwniczek wykonywanych w technologii PwK, wskazano na innowacyjność rozwiązań materiałowo-technicznych stosowanych w realizacjach piwniczek. W związku z dużym potencjałem technologii PwK przedstawiono interesujące tendencje rozwojowe i plany producentów. Całość opracowania podsumowano wnioskami, które dotyczą rozwoju i doskonalenia rozwiązań materiałowo-technicznych, wykorzystywanych przy budowie piwniczek w technologii PwK.

EN

The paper presents the general characteristics of cellars (dugouts) as underground facilities with the main purpose of storing food products in order to extend their durability. The advantages of the functioning of the facilities and the benefits associated with their operation were indicated. Attention was paid to the construction of objects in a natural environment and continuous contact with nature. Moreover, issues related to the difficulties in clearly defining the basic formal requirements for cellars or dugouts were raised, taking into account the current regulations in this regard. The work also reviews the technologies used during the construction of underground storage facilities of the dugout type. On the example of cellars made in the PwK technology, it was indicated on the innovativeness of materiaI and technical solutions used in the construction of cellars. Due to the great potential of the PwK technology, interesting development trends and manufacturers plans were presented. The entire study is summarized with conclusions regarding the development and improvement of material and technical solutions used in the construction of cellars (dugouts) in PwK technology.

6

Preliminary analysis of catenoid chimney cooling towers

Wiśniowski Maciej, Walentyński Robert, Cornik Dawid

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 6

art. no. e147341

EN

Optimization plays an important role in scientific and engineering research. This paper presents the effects of using the catenoidal shape to design the structure of a chimney cooling tower. The paper compares some geometrical variations of the catenoid with the reference existing hyperboloidal structure. It also compares internal forces, deformation and stability of the catenoidal structure. The comparison shows some predominance of the catenoid over the popular hyperboloid structure of the shell. The paper attempts to find an optimal shape of the cooling tower in order to reduce the amount of material and labor. The paper utilizes engineering tools and the designing process for chimney cooling towers.

7

Adhesion of titanium coatings applied by cold spraying on selected metal substrates

Makrenek M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 123, nr 2

49--54

EN

Purpose: Measurement of the adhesion of a Ti coating applied by cold spraying on metal substrates with different elastic modulus. An attempt to analytically describe the experimental results, considering cold gas spray parameters such as working gas, pressure p and temperature T. Design/methodology/approach: Ti coating was sprayed on flat bars made of metal: copper, magnesium, brass, titanium, Al 7075, Al 2024 and steel with dimensions of 4x50x400 mm. All coatings were applied under the same spray conditions (p = 3.8 MPa, T = 800ºC, spray distance l = 50 mm, and spray spead V = 400 mm/s). The state of plastic deformation of coatings and substrates was examined using optical methods, and the adhesion strength was measured with the POSITEST tester. Findings: The experimental results are presented graphically. The adhesion force as a function of the relative modulus of elasticity showed a maximum. At this time, the mutual penetration depth of the coating and the substrate showed a minimum. The extremes of the relationships mentioned above occurred for points where the relative modulus of elasticity took the value one. The curve described by formula (1) was fitted to the distribution of adhesion points as a function of the relative elastic modulus. The function parameter described by formula (1) is related to the spray parameters (p, T). Research limitations/implications: To achieve a better accuracy of the analytical description of the adhesion of coatings deposited with cold gas, tests should be carried out on a larger number of substrates. The validity of the presented interpretation should be checked by applying coatings from other materials. Practical implications: In coating technologies, adhesion is a key concept. A coating with high adhesion strength is used primarily in regeneration and anti-corrosion protection processes. The analytical relationship between adhesion, relative modulus of elasticity and cold gas spray parameters will significantly speed up the selection of optimal spray parameters. Cold spray technology is a cost-intensive technology, so the economic element is not without significance. Originality/value: The article presents a method for limiting the number of variables on which the quality of the applied coatings depends. The relationship between the adhesion force, the relative elastic modulus and the selected spray parameters are indicated.

8

Biostimulating extracts from Arctium lappa L. as ecological additives in soybean seed coating applications

Szparaga Agnieszka

Agricultural Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 27, No. 1

1--10

EN

This paper proposes a new biostimulant coating for soybean seeds. The aim of the study was to create a coating for Glycine max (L.) Merr. soybean seeds, using root infusion from Arctium lappa L. as a biostimulant component. The effectiveness of the produced coating was evaluated in a three-year field study. The analysis of the effectiveness of the developed coating was based on the evaluation of plant biometric traits and yield. The study showed that the designed and manufactured soybean seed coating based on the root infusion of Arctium lappa L. can be considered as a new agronomic strategy to improve the productivity of soybean Glicyne max (L.) Merr. under actual field conditions. The application of the biostimulant coating resulted in soybean plants with significantly increased biometric traits (plant height, height of the first pod set, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod) and productivity (yield improvement of more than 10%). Only a reduced weight of 1,000 seeds compared to control samples was noted.

PL

W pracy zaproponowano nową powłokę biostymulującą dla nasion soi. Celem badań było stworzenie powłoki dla nasion soi Glycinemax (L.) Merr. z wykorzystaniem naparu z korzenia Arctium lappa L. jako komponentu biostymulującego. Skuteczność wytworzonej powłoki oceniono w trzyletnich badaniach polowych. Analizę efektywności opracowanej powłoki oparto na ocenie cech biometrycznych roślin oraz plonu. Badania wykazały, że zaprojektowana i wyprodukowana powłoka do nasion soi na bazie naparu z korzenia Arctium lappa L. może być traktowana jako nowa strategia agronomiczna poprawiająca produktywność soi Glicyne max (L.) Merr. w rzeczywistych warunkach polowych. W wyniku zastosowania powłoki biostymulującej uzyskano rośliny soi o istotnie zwiększonych cechach biometrycznych (wysokość roślin, wysokość osadzenia pierwszego strąka, liczba strąków na roślinie, liczba nasion w strąku) i produktywności (poprawa plonu o ponad 10%). Odnotowano jedynie obniżoną masę 1000 nasion w stosunku do prób kontrolnych.

9

Postharvest treatments influenced the incidence of internal browning, phenol, aba, and GA3 contents of two pineapple clones

Chandra David, Widodo Soesiladi Esti, Kamal Muhammad, Waluyo Sri

Acta Innovations

|

2023

|

no. 50

74--80

EN

Phenol is an internal browning (IB) enzymatic reaction substrate and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) used to suppress IB incidence in the Comte de Paris cultivar (Queen type). There is no information on the correlation between pineapple IB to endogenous total phenol content (TPC), ABA, and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) after postharvest applications of decrowning. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the relationship of IB incidence to total TPC, ABA, and GA3 after postharvest treatments of decrowning and coating in GP3 and MD2 pineapple clones. The structure was based on a completely randomized design with 3 factors, namely clone (GP3 and MD2), decrowning (crown and crownless), and coating [50 mg L-1 ABA, 1% chitosan, ABA+Chitosan mixture, and control (H2O)]. The results showed that the MD2 had a lower IB incidence and higher TPC than the GP3 stored at 7°C for 37 days. The increased TPC was positively correlated with IB incidence. TPC was also negatively correlated with ABA but positively with endogenous GA3 2 weeks earlier. Coating with 50 mg L-1 ABA and 1% chitosan on MD2 decreased IB incidence. Pineapple crown pruning decreased ABA and increased TPC, GA3, and IB incidence.

10

Tribological Properties of the Friction Pair with a-C:H Coating under the Conditions of Lubrication with 10W40 Biodegradable Engine Oil

Hadło Krystian, Lubas Janusz

Tribologia

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2022

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nr 2

15--22

EN

The present study discusses the influence of an a-C:H coating on the tribological parameters of sliding pairs under mixed friction. Using the PVD method, the a-C:H coating was formed on specimens made from AISI 4337 steel. The sliding friction and wear process was carried out on the pairs of AISI 4337 steel and SAE48 bearing alloy, which were lubricated with 10W40 biodegradable engine oil. The investigation showed significant differences in the friction coefficient and temperature in the tested pairs with the steel surface layer and the a-C:H coating. In the friction pairs with the a-C:H coating, the tested parameters of friction were higher than in pairs with the steel surface layer. The pairs with the a-C:H coating showed more intensive wear of the SAE-48 bearing alloy than those with a steel surface. The surface layer used in a friction pair leads to the deterioration of the lubricating properties of engine oil and reduces its resistance to scuffing.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wpływ powłoki a-C:H na parametry tribologiczne par ciernych w warunkach tarcia mieszanego. Powłoka a-C:H została wytworzona na próbkach wykonanych ze stali AISI 4337 metodą PVD. Proces tarcia ślizgowego i zużycia realizowano w skojarzeniu stal AISI 4337 i stop łożyskowy SAE-48 smarowanych biodegradowalnym olejem silnikowym 10W40. Badania wykazały istotne różnice w wartości współczynnika tarcia i temperatury w badanych parach ze stalową warstwą wierzchnią i powłoką a-C:H. W parach z powłoką a-C:H rejestrowane parametry tarcia były wyższe niż w parach ze stalową warstwą wierzchnią. Pary z powłoką a-C:H wykazywały intensywniejsze zużycie stopu łożyskowego SAE-48 niż pary z powierzchnią stalową. Warstwa wierzchnia zastosowana w parze ciernej prowadzi do pogorszenia właściwości smarnych oleju silnikowego i zmniejsza jego odporność na zacieranie.

11

Influence of a Steel Substrate Surface Roughness on the Mechanical Properties of a Peek Coating Deposited with the Electrophoretic Method

Otto Mateusz, Fiołek Aleksandra, Zimowski Sławomir

Tribologia

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2022

|

nr 2

33--44

EN

The mechanical properties, adhesion and roughness of polymer coatings depend on many factors, including the unevenness of the substrate surface. Nevertheless, the influence of the substrate surface roughness is related to the coating type and substrate material and the used deposition method. Therefore, the effect of the surface roughness of a structural steel substrate on the mechanical properties of a PEEK coating is ambiguous. The indentation tests conducted show that, at a specific load of the indenter, the roughness of the steel substrate surface does not significantly affect the Vicker’s hardness of the tested PEEK coatings. The average Vicker’s hardness and elastic modulus are approximately 300 MPa and 5.6 Gpa, respectively, at the lowest of the applied loads, regardless of the surface roughness level of the steel substrate. Nevertheless, the surface roughness of the steel substrate after fine grinding of Ra = 0.21 μm, compared to the polished one with Ra = 0.005 μm, meant that adhesion improved, and the scratch hardness increased by approximately 130 to 370 [MPa] of the PEEK coating.

PL

Właściwości mechaniczne, przyczepność oraz chropowatość powłok polimerowych zależą od wielu czynników, a w tym od nierówności powierzchni podłoża. Niemniej jednak wpływ wielkości chropowatości powierzchni podłoża okazuje się być związany z rodzajem materiału powłokowego i podłoża oraz zastosowaną metodą osadzania. Wobec tego oddziaływanie chropowatości powierzchni podłoża ze stali konstrukcyjnej na właściwości mechaniczne powłoki PEEK osadzanej elektroforetycznie nie jest jednoznaczny. Przeprowadzone badania indentacyjne wskazują, że przy określonym obciążeniu wgłębnika chropowatość powierzchni stalowego podłoża nie wpływa znacząco na twardość Vickers’a badanych powłok PEEK. Średnia twardość Vickers’a i modułu sprężystości wynosi odpowiednio ok. 300 MPa i 5.6 GPa przy najmniejszym z zastosowanych obciążeń, niezależnie od mikronierówności powierzchni stalowego podłoża. Nie mniej jednak większa chropowatość powierzchni stalowego podłoża po szlifowaniu dokładnym rzędu Ra = 0.21 μm, względem polerowanego o Ra = 0.005 μm, przełożyła się na polepszanie adhezji i spowodowała wzrost twardości zarysowania powłoki PEEK z ok. 130 do 370 [MPa].

12

Od koloru do chemometrii - strategie określania grubości i jakości powłoki

Hellwig Chris, Büttner Torsten, Krause Mario

Świat Szkła

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2022

|

R. 27, nr 1-2

46--48

13

Nowa zaawansowana powłoka dla powierzchni dachowych, zapewniająca całoroczny komfort cieplny i oszczędność energii w budynkach

Szkło i Ceramika

|

2022

|

R. 73, nr 1

67--68

14

Formation of coatings with technologies using concentrated energy stream

Radek Norbert, Kalinowski Artur, Pietraszek Jacek, Orman Łukasz J., Szczepaniak Marcin, Januszko Adam, Kamiński Janusz, Bronček Jozef, Paraska Olga

Production Engineering Archives

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2022

|

Vol. 28, Iss. 2

117--122

EN

A number of modern surface processing methods use an energy flux. The examples include electro-spark deposition (ESD) and laser beam processing (LBP). The work concerns the study of Cu-Mo coatings deposited on C45 carbon steel, which were then eroded with a laser beam. The analysis included the analysis of the microstructure, measurements of macrogeometry and microhardness, corrosion resistance tests of selected areas after laser treatment. The coatings were applied with ELFA-541 and subjected to Nd:YAG laser treatment with variable laser parameters. The problem presented in the work can be used to extend the knowledge of the areas of application of ESD coatings, especially in sliding friction pairs.

15

Aging behavior of the three-proof polyurethane coating under UV radiation

Wang Jianfa, Gu Zheng, Zhao Jie, Zhang Susu, Li Peiyao, Meng Chao, Sui Jinyong, Zhang Xiaoyi, Hu Shaokai, Pan Jiaying, Li Junyi

Polimery

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2022

|

Vol. 67, nr 9

433--437

EN

The influence of UV radiation on the gloss, structure (SEM, FTIR), thermal (TGA, DTG) and mechanical properties of polyurethane resins and the three-layer protective coating made of them was investigated. The gloss of the resins was greater than that of the protective coating. UV radiation has been proven to reduce gloss (at 1,200 hours irradiation, 81.3° to 8.9° for resins, and 61.1° to 2.8° for coating).The tensile strength of the resins decreased during aging, and the relative elongation at break after reaching the minimum was increased (at the irradiation time of 100 h). In the case of coating, both the tensile strength and elongation decreased during aging and, after reaching the minimum they increased (at the irradiation time of 800 h), reaching the maximum (at the irradiation time of 1000 h), and then decreased.

PL

Zbadano wpływ promieniowania UV na połysk, strukturę (SEM, FTIR), właściwości termiczne (TGA, DTG) i mechaniczne żywic poliuretanowych oraz wykonanej z nich trójwarstwowej powłoki ochronnej. Połysk żywic był większy niż powłoki ochronnej. Potwierdzono, że promieniowanie UV zmniejsza połysk (przy naświetlaniu przez 1200 godzin, w przypadku żywic z 81,3° do 8,9°, a w przypadku powłok z 61,1° do 2,8°). Wytrzymałość na rozciąganie żywic zmniejszała się w trakcie starzenia, a wydłużenie względne przy zerwaniu po osiągnięciu minimum zwiększało (przy czasie naświetlania 100 h). W przypadku powłoki zarówno wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, jak i wydłużenie zmniejszały się w trakcie starzenia i po osiągnięciu minimum zwiększały (przy czasie naświetlania 800 h), osiągając maksimum (przy czasie naświetlania 1000 h), a następnie zmniejszały.

16

Enhancement of corrosion resistance of stainless steel with Zn doped silane coatings

Owczarek Edyta

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2022

|

nr 12

373--377

EN

Blank silane films are not able to provide long-term corrosion protection. As is known, dopants with corrosion inhibiting properties can be added to the silane sol-gel network in order to increase their corrosion resistance. The present work investigates the protective properties of air-aged films obtained from a solution of isobutyltriethoxysilane (IBTES) doped with 0.01 mol/l and 0.1 mol/l zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O prepared on an X20Cr13 stainless steel substrate. The surface morphologies, adhesion to the substrate and the corrosion resistance of the obtained films in an 0.5 M Cl− solution were examined. The experimental results showed that IBTES films doped with 0.01 mol/l zinc nitrate deposited on the surface of stainless steel had better protective properties, while those doped with 0.1 mol/l of the inhibitor had worse protective properties against local corrosion compared to blank IBTES film.

PL

Powłoki silanowe nie są w stanie zapewnić długotrwałej ochrony przed korozją. Jak wiadomo, do sieci zol-żel silanu można dodawać domieszki o właściwościach hamujących korozję w celu zwiększenia ich odporności na korozję. W pracy zbadano właściwości ochronne starzonych w powietrzu powłok otrzymanych z roztworu izobutylo- trietoksysilanu (IBTES) domieszkowanych 0,01 mol/l i 0,1 mol/l azotanu cynku Zn(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O wytworzonych na podłożu ze stali nie- rdzewnej X20Cr13. Zbadano morfologię powierzchni, przyczepność do podłoża oraz odporność korozyjną otrzymanych filmów w 0,5M roztworze Cl−. Badania eksperymentalne wykazały, że powłoki IBTES domieszkowane 0,01 mol/l azotanu cynku osadzone na powierzchni stali nierdzewnej miały lepsze właściwości ochronne przed korozją lokalną w porównaniu z powłoką IBTES, natomiast domieszkowane 0,1mol/l inhibitora – gorsze.

17

Wpływ pigmentów luminescencyjnych na trwałość systemu powłokowego

Michalski Marek, Szczepaniak Marcin

Obróbka Metalu

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2022

|

Nr 4

37--41

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty badań dotyczących cech użytkowych powierzchni pokrytych powłokami, przy czym nanoszenie powłok przyjęto jako jeden z rodzajów obróbki przyrostowej. Analizowano wpływ obecności i sposobu dozowania pigmentów na trwałość nanoszonych powłok w systemach transportowych.

EN

In this paper the results of a study on the performance characteristics of coated surfaces was presented, where coating was chosen as a type of additive treatment. Analysis of the influence of pigments and dosage on the durability of the coatings applied In transport systems was carried out.

18

Parametric optimisation of microhardness on heat-treated electroless Ni-YSZ cermet coating

Bahiyah Baba N., Ghazali A. S., Abdul Rahman A. H., Sharif S

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 112, nr 1

33--41

EN

Purpose: The paper discusses the parametric optimisation of the electroless Ni-YSZ cermet coating microhardness upon heat treatment. Heat treatment is a process to increase the mechanical properties of the electroless nickel coating and it can be enhanced by manipulating its parameters. Parametric optimisation is conducted by the design of experiment full factorial 3x3 with 27 runs. Treating temperature, treating time and ceramic particle size parameters at 3-level are evaluated using statistical tool ANOVA in Minitab20. Design/methodology/approach: Ni-YSZ cermet coating is deposited onto a high-speed steel substrate using the electroless nickel co-deposition method. The temperature and time were varied in a range of 300-400°C and 0-2 hours respectively. The microhardness measurements were carried out using a Vickers microhardness tester (Shimadzu) according to ISO 6507-4. The surface characterisation was analysed using Cambridge Stereoscan 90 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA). Findings: The optimum condition in obtaining high microhardness on Ni-YSZ cermet coating is evaluated by statistical tool ANOVA in Minitab20 software. It is found that the most significant parameter for high microhardness is at the treating temperature of 400°C followed by treating time at 2 hours using nano-sized YSZ particles. The ceramic particle size is found not a significant parameter in obtaining a high microhardness, however it has effect on interaction between treating temperature and treating time. Research limitations/implications: The paper only limits to the optimisation condition of microhardness on Ni-YSZ cermet coating hardness property by varying heat treatment parameters. Practical implications: The optimisation condition obtained might only applicable to the electroless Ni-YSZ cermet coating with similar electroless nickel solution and treatments. Originality/value: The value of this work is the heat treatment parametric optimisation to obtain high microhardness on electroless Ni-YSZ cermet coating by using the design of experiment 3-level full factorial.

19

Effect of particle size on surface roughness and morphology of heat-treated electroless Ni-YSZ coating

Bahiyah Baba N., Ghazali A. S., Azinee S. N., Abdul Rahman A. H., Sharif S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 114, nr 1

5--14

EN

Purpose: The paper discusses the surface characterisation of electroless nickel-yttria-stabilised zirconia (Ni-YSZ) coating with varying YSZ particle sizes and undergoes heat treatment at a temperature between 300-400°C for 1-2 hours for wear resistance purposes. This finding will be helpful to the application of Ni-YSZ as an alternative coating for cutting tools. Design/methodology/approach: The surface characterisation was analysed using JOEL Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) JSM 7800F. The crystallographic structure of materials was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Bruker D8 Advance instrument. The Ni-YSZ coating was deposited using electroless nickel co-deposition of 8YSZ ceramic particles with a nano, mixed and microparticle sizes onto a high-speed steel (HSS) substrate. The coatings were heat treated at temperature 300-400°C and time 1-2 hours. The surface roughness was measured using Mitutoyo surface roughness tester SJ-301. Findings: The electroless Ni-YSZ coating deposited has an average thickness of 30 μm. It is found that the coating morphology electroless coating without YSZ particle incorporation (EN) and Ni-YSZ nano (N) is smoother compared to the Ni-YSZ mixed (NM) and Ni-YSZ micro (M). The EDS composition analysis shows the YSZ content in the electroless Ni-YSZ coating for N samples is the lowest, whereas NM samples are the highest. This resulted in the surface roughness behaviour where the mixed-size YSZ particle gives the highest roughness at all temperatures. The XRD analysis shows that heating temperatures above 300°C caused the precipitation of Ni3P crystalline. Research limitations/implications: Previous studies in the surface characterisation of electroless nickel composite are scarce; thus, the study has limitations in finding supporting data. Originality/value: The surface characterisation especially related to the surface roughness of the electroless nickel, either the Ni-P or composites or alloys are rarely reported. Thus, this study enlightened the effect of particle size on surface roughness and morphology of heat-treated coatings.

20

Effect of heat treatment on microhardness of electroless Ni-YSZ cermet coating

Bahiyah Baba N., Ghazali A. S., Abdul Rahman A. H., Sharif S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 113, nr 1

5--12

EN

Purpose: The paper discussed the effect of heat treatment on electroless nickel-yttria-stabilised zirconia (Ni-YSZ) cermet coating. Ni-YSZ cermet coating has potential applications such as cutting tools, thermal barriers, solid oxide fuel anode, and various others. The compatibility of ceramic YSZ and metallic nickel in terms of the mechanical properties such as hardness by varying the heating temperature, time and ceramic particle size is highlighted. Design/methodology/approach: Ni-YSZ cermet coating was deposited onto a highspeed steel substrate using the electroless nickel co-deposition method. The temperature and time were varied in a range of 300-400°C and 1-2 hours, respectively. The microhardness measurements were carried out using a Vickers microhardness tester (Shimadzu) according to ISO 6507-4. The surface characterisation of the cermet coating was carried out using JOEL Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) JSM 7800F. The crystallographic structure of materials was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Findings: It was found that the microhardness of Ni-YSZ cermet coating with the ratio of 70:30, respectively, is directly proportional to the heating temperature and time. Heating the Ni-YSZ cermet coating at 300°C from room temperature (rtp) to 1 hour shows a 12% microhardness increment, while from 1 to 2 hours gives a 19% increment. Compared to heating at 350°C and 400°C, the increment is more significant at 33% and 49% for rtp to 1 hour and 8% and 16% for 1 to 2 hours, respectively. In addition, the effect of varying YSZ particle size in the Ni-YSZ cermet gave response differently for heating temperature and heating time. Research limitations/implications: The paper is only limited to the discussion of the heat treatment effect on Ni-YSZ cermet coating hardness property. The tribological effect will be in future work. Practical implications: The microhardness data may vary due to the Vickers microhardness force applied and the amount of ceramic particle incorporation and phosphorus content in the nickel matrix. Originality/value: The value of this work is the compatibility of the ceramic YSZ and metallic nickel matrix in terms of mechanical properties, such as hardness, upon heat treatment.