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1

Comparison of the Impact of Production Factors on the Ecological and Economic Efficiency of the Potato Land-Use Type in Vietnam and Russia Based on the Cobb-Douglas Production Function

Giang Pham Quy, Huong Vu Thi Thu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

272--281

EN

This study aimed to identify and compare the impact of production factors on the total ecological and economic efficiency of the potato land-use type in the two regions Primorsky Kray, Russia and Red River Delta, Vietnam using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The result of data analysis for the period of 2016–2019 showed that the contribution coefficient of factors such as initial investment, labor cost, expenses of machinery and equipment, and amounts of pesticides and fertilizers used for potato farming per hectare to the total ecological and economic efficiency of the potato land-use type in Primorsky was higher than in the Red River Delta. The results also show that the amounts of pesticides and fertilizers in the Red River Delta were used more than in Primorsky; therefore, they present a higher influence on the total ecological and economic efficiency. On the basis of the analysis of the impact of each factor, this study has proposed the solutions to enhance the influence of the factors that have a proportional effect and minimize the influence of factors that have an inversely proportional effect on the economic-environmental efficiency of potato land use in each study area.

2

Low Energy Trap with Light Emitting Diode for Increased Attraction of Phthorimaea operculella Zeller

Carbajal-Morán Hipólito, Márquez-Camarena Javier F., Galván-Maldonado Carlos A., Zárate-Quiñones Rosa H., Galván-Maldonado Alberto C.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

270--275

EN

The Phthorimaea operculella Zeller moth is a pest that affects potato crops and is found mainly in the inter-Andean valleys of the highlands of Peru (Huancavelica). The objective of the research was to use the phenomenon of light generated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to attract the potato moth in storage. Every day at seven o’clock in the morning, the number of moths falling dead in the light trap on the water contained in the container was counted. Five LED lights with different light densities per square centimeter were tested for five nights with different frequencies: 3.125 Hz, 12.5 Hz, 50 Hz, 200 Hz and 400 Hz. Every five nights the operating current of the LEDs was changed: 5 mA, 10 mA and 15 mA. Every fifteen nights the color of the LEDs was changed, according to the following sequence: white, blue, green, yellow and red; the color that attracted the most was white light, while the one with the least attraction was red light. The white light trap using the 64 LED array attracted 38.73% of moths and consumed a total of 43 W of energy in seven days, so it is considered low energy consumption.

3

Study of a smart irrigation system for water managing for potatoes in Chlef region, Algeria

Amoura Mohammed, Douani Mustapha, Tahri Toufik

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 54

101--108

EN

The configuration of the smart irrigation system was designed on the basis of data specific to the parameters concerning characteristics of the plant and the pedological properties of the local soil (permeability, pH, humidity, porosity, etc.), including the meteorological factors. In the Chlef area, the water availability is dependent on meteorological data. The objective of this work is to estimate irrigation water needs in crop gardening (potato) based on a smart irrigation system (SIS). Thus, to ensure an equilibrated growth of crops, we have developed a system with parameters, such as soil moisture and soil temperature, which are the input variables of this smart irrigation system. This system was applied for the irrigation of potatoes (‘Bartina’ variety), planted in the agricultural experimental station of Lard El Beida at Chlef. The results obtained in terms of production yield led to a conclusion that the smart irrigation system allows achieving production of 124.83% with lower water consumption (-19.31%), compared to that of a drip irrigation system. Moreover, the granulometric analysis of the potato tuber size showed that 80.83% of the production is within the size range between 30 mm and 55 mm. By comparison, we observed that 77.4% of products obtained from drip irrigation follow a uniform distribution. We conclude that this smart irrigation system is very economical in terms of water use for gardening crops. Given these encouraging results, it would be wiser to generalize its application and implement it to guarantee food self-sufficiency in the water-deficient regions.

4

Exogenous regulation of the potatoes’ adaptive potential when using bio stimulants

Shitikova Aleksandra V., Abiala Adewale A., Tevchenkov Alexander A., Bazhenova Svetlana S., Lazarev Nikolay N., Kurenkova Evgeniya M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 54

234--238

EN

Potato from the Solanaceae family is one of the most important crops in the world and its cultivation is common in many places. The average yield of this crop is 20 Mg·ha-1 and it is compatible with climatic conditions in many parts of the world. The experiment studied the possibility of exogenous regulation of the adaptive potential available for four potato cultivars through the use of growth stimulants with different action mechanisms: 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and chitosan biopolymer (CHT). The results allowed us to establish significant differences in growth parameters, plant height, leaf index, vegetation index, chlorophyll content, and yield structure. Monitoring growth and predicting yields well before harvest are essential to effectively managing potato productivity. Studies have confirmed the empirical relationship between the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and N-tester vegetation index data at various stages of potato growth with yield data. Statistical linear regression models were used to develop an empirical relationship between the NDVI and N-tester data and yield at different stages of crop growth. The equations have a maximum determination coefficient (R2) of 0.63 for the N-tester and 0.74 for the NDVI during the flowering phase (BBCH1 65). NDVI and N-tester vegetation index positively correlated with yield data at all growth stages.

5

The Effect of Biostimulants on the Chlorophyll Content and Height of Solanum tuberosum L. Plants

Mystkowska Iwona

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

72--77

EN

The effect of foliar feeding with four biostimulants with active substances (Ecklonia maxima algae extract, titanium, humic substances, plant hormones: auxin and cytokinin) on the chlorophyll content and plant height of three Solanum tuberosum cultivars was investigated. A field experiment was carried out in 2015–2017 in eastern Poland in three growing seasons using the split-plot method. The cultivated varieties significantly differentiated the chlorophyll content (SPAD index) and plant height. The research showed the influence of varieties and many years of research on the height of potato plants. The biostimulants increased the value of the SPAD coefficient and the height of the potato plants.

6

Profitability of Using Herbicide and Herbicide with Biostimulators in Potato Production

Mystkowska Iwona, Zarzecka Krystyna, Gugała Marek, Sikorska Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

223--227

EN

The results of three years of research concerned the assessment of the profitability of table potato production depending on the control of weed infestation and the use of biostimulants: (1) control object, (2) Avatar 293ZC (clomazone + metribuzin), (3) Avatar 293ZC + biostimulator PlonoStart, (4) Avatar 293ZC + biostimulator Aminoplant, (5) Avatar 293ZC + biostimulator Agro-Sorb-Folium. The research material consisted of potato tubers of the Malaga variety coming from a field experiment carried out in 2018–2020 on medium soil, in a split-plot arrangement, as two-factorial in three replications. Mechanical and chemical treatments increased the marketable yield of tubers by an average of 37.4%, and decreased the by-yield of tubers by an average of 23.9% compared to the control object. The direct surplus per 1 ha of cultivation ranged from PLN 3521.1 in the control object (1) to PLN 11277.9 in object (5) (herbicid + Agro-Sorb Folium).

7

Post-Harvest Siderates and Soil Hardness

Mishchenko Yurii, Kovalenko Ihor, Butenko Andrii, Danko Yuriy, Trotsenko Volodymyr, Masyk Ihor, Zakharchenko Elina, Hotvianska Anna, Kyrsanova Galyna, Datsko Oksana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

54--63

EN

The results of researches of the perspective direction of solving the problem of growth of hardness of typical chernozem, which consisted in enrichment of the soil with fresh organic matter of postharvest greens, are presented. During the years of our research it was found that growing of post-harvest siderates contributed to a significant reduction in hardness of 0-30 cm soil layer. Among the studied siderates the lowest hardness of 0-30 cm soil layer was under crops of Raphanus sativum in all years of research - 10.9-16.8 kg/cm2. In the variants of potato growing without fertilizers was found close reverse relation between hardness and productive moisture reserves - r = -0.74. These dependences confirm positive effect of siderate Raphanus sativum as a factor of biological loosening of soil. After all, it was just the variant where reduction of productive moisture reserves had the smallest share of impact - 22% on the growth of soil hardness. At the same time, this share of influence increased to 27-41% on the background of other siderates and manure, and up to 54% in the control without application of organic fertilizers. The highest yield of potato tubers was obtained on the plots with the lowest soil hardness, where Raphanus sativum was used as a post-harvest siderate, followed by the variants with manure, Phacelia tanacetifolia and Fagopyrum esculentum.

8

Response of potato biomass and tuber yield under future climate change scenarios in Egypt

Dewedar Osama, Plauborg Finn, El-Shafie Ahmed, Marwa Abdelbaset

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 49

139--150

EN

FAO AquaCrop model ver. 6.1 was calibrated and validated by means of an independent data sets during the harvesting seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, at El Noubaria site in western north of Egypt. To assess the impact of the increase in temperature and CO2 concentration on potato biomass and tuber yield simulations, experiments were carried out with four downscaled and bias-corrected of General Circulation Models (GCMs) data sets based on the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) scenarios under demonstrative Concentration Trails (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, selected for 2021–2040 and 2041–2060. The study showed that the model could satisfactorily simulate potato canopy cover, biomass, harvest and soil water content under various irrigation treatments. The biomass and yield decreased for all GCMs in both future series 2030s and 2050s. Biomass reduction varied between 5.60 and 9.95%, while the reduction of the simulated yield varied between 3.53 and 7.96% for 2030. The lowest values of biomass and yield were achieved by HadGEM2-ES under RCP 8.5 with 27.213 and 20.409 Mg∙ha–1, respectively corresponding to –9.95 and –7.96% reduction. The lowest reductions were 5.60 and 3.53% for biomass and yield, respectively, obtained with MIROC5 under RCP 8.5 for 2030. Reductions in biomass and yield in 2050 were higher than in 2030. The results are showing that higher temperatures shortened the growing period based on calculated growing degree days (GDD). Therefore, it is very important to study changing sowing dates to alleviate the impact of climate change by using field trials, simulation and deep learning models.

9

Wpływ stymulacji sadzeniaków (Solanum tuberosum L.) w polu magnetycznym na wybrane parametry wegetacji roślin ziemniaka

Jakubowski Tomasz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

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R. 96, nr 1

166--169

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu stymulacji sadzeniaków (Solanum tuberosum L.) w zmiennym polu magnetycznym na wybrane parametry wegetacji roślin ziemniaka bardzo wczesnej odmiany Red Sonia (typ ogólnoużytkowy). Sadzeniaki ziemniaka stymulowano w zmiennym polu magnetycznym z wykorzystaniem cewki powietrznej bez rdzenia magnetycznego (solenoidu). Stosowano pole magnetyczne o indukcji w zakresie 20-80 mT oraz czas ekspozycji 1-30 s. Zakresem badań objęto wschody roślin oraz liczbę i długość łodyg roślin ziemniaka. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej. Wyniki badań wskazują, że pole magnetyczne zastosowane w odniesieniu do sadzeniaków modyfikuje liczbę pędów rośliny ziemniaka. Nie wykazano statycznie istotnego wpływu pola magnetycznego na tempo wschodów roślin oraz długość łodyg.

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of stimulation of seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in a variable magnetic field on selected vegetation parameters of potato plants of the very early Red Sonia variety (general use type). Potato seed was stimulated in a variable magnetic field using an air coil without a magnetic core (solenoid). A magnetic field with an induction in the range of 20-80 mT and an exposure time of 1-30 s were used. The scope of research included plant emergence and the number and length of potato plant stems. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis. The research results indicate that the magnetic field applied to seed potatoes modifies the number of shoots of the potato plant. There was no statistically significant effect of the magnetic field on the rate of plant emergence and stem length.

10

Statistical yielding models of some irrigated vegetable crops in dependence on water use and heat supply

Vozhehova Raisa, Kokovikhin Sergii, Lykhovyd Pavlo V., Balashova Halyna, Lavrynenko Yuriy, Biliaieva Iryna, Markovska Olena

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 45

190--197

EN

Statistical analysis is helpful for better understanding of the processes which take place in agricultural ecosystems. Particular attention should be paid to the processes of crops’ productivity formation under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The goal of our study was to provide new theoretical knowledge about the dependence of vegetable crops’ productivity on water supply and heat income. The study was conducted in the irrigated conditions of the semi-arid cold Steppe zone on the fields of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS, Kherson, Ukraine. We studied the historical data of productivity of three most common in the region vegetable crops: potato, tomato, onion. The crops were cultivated by using the generally accepted in the region agrotechnology. Historical yielding and meteorological data of the period 1990–2016 were used to develop the models of the vegetable crops’ productivity. We used two approaches: development of pair linear models in three categories (“yield – water use”, “yield – sum of the effective air temperatures above 10°C”); development of complex linear regression models taking into account such factors as total water use, and temperature regime during the crops’ vegetation. Pair linear models of the crops’ productivity showed that the highest effect on the yields of potato and onion has the water use index (R2 of 0.9350 and 0.9689, respectively), and on the yield of tomato – temperature regime (R2 of 0.9573). The results of pair analysis were proved by the multiple regression analysis that revealed the same tendencies in the crop yield formation depending on the studied factors.

11

Impact of post-harvest processing and storing of potato tubers on toxic compounds accumulation

Dusza Magdalena, Sporysz Maciej, Sokołowska Dorota, Grotkiewicz Katarzyna

Agricultural Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 24, No. 2

39--44

EN

Despite a long-term reduction trend, the potato production in Poland compared to EU countries is still very high. Therefore, the aim of the paper was to investigate the impact of mechanical damages and light for various genotypes on glycoalkaloids accumulation. Glycoalkaloids are toxic steroid glycosides that naturally occur in the family of Solanaceae. According to many authors, their presence in plants is related to resistance to a physiological stress inflicted by mechanical damages and infections caused by some microorganisms and insects. The TGA content above 200 mg·kg-1 in a fresh mass of potatoes is an upper limit that guarantees health safety of food. Studies were carried out on 28 potato cultivars divided into 4 groups. The studies that were carried out after harvesting and after 5 months of storage in the experimental storage room in the temperature of 8°C showed an impact of damages and exposition to light of potato tubers on the content of glycoalkaloids.

PL

Mimo wieloletniego trendu spadkowego, produkcja ziemniaków w Polsce jest, na tle krajów UE, w dalszym ciągu bardzo wysoka, dlatego celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu uszkodzeń mechanicznych i działania światła dla różnych genotypów na akumulację glikoalkaloidów. Glikoalkaloidy są toksycznymi glikozydami sterydowymi naturalnie występującymi w rodzinie Solanacea. Zdaniem wielu autorów ich obecność w roślinach wiąże się z odpornością na stres fizjologiczny wywołany uszkodzeniami mechanicznymi oraz infekcjami spowodowanymi przez niektóre mikroorganizmy i owady. Zawartość TGA powyżej 200 mg/kg w świeżej masie ziemniaków stanowi górną granicę gwarantującą bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne żywności. Badania przeprowadzono na 28 odmianach ziemniaka podzielonych na 4 grupy. Badania przeprowadzone po zbiorze i po 5 miesiącach przechowywania w przechowalni doświadczalnej w temperaturze 8ºC wykazały wpływ uszkodzeń i ekspozycji na światło bulw ziemniaka na zawartość glikoalkaloidów.

12

Comparative Study of the Quality of New Potatoes Imported from the Mediterranean Area

Wadas Wanda, Rymuza Katarzyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

59--68

EN

This paper presents the comparison of the quality of new potatoes imported from the Mediterranean area during the winter-spring period. The study material included the new potatoes imported from Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Spain and Morocco, purchased in Poland, from the beginning of February to the end of May. The laboratory analyses were performed on a total of 162 potato samples. The dry matter content in the new potatoes imported from Spain and Morocco was higher than in the potatoes originating from Cyprus, Egypt or Israel. The dry matter content in the new potatoes imported from Cyprus, Egypt, and in the majority of new potatoes imported from Israel did not differ significantly. PCA showed that the potatoes which had more dry matter contained more L ascorbic acid but less total sugars. The least L-ascorbic acid content and the lowest protein content were determined in the ‘Nicola’ potatoes imported from Israel and 'Excellency' tubers imported from Spain. The amounts of L-ascorbic acid and protein in the remaining potato samples tested were at a similar level. The potatoes of the same variety imported from different countries did not differ in terms of L-ascorbic acid content. The 'Maris Peer' tubers imported from Spain had more protein than those originating from Israel. The starch contents in new potatoes imported from Israel and Cyprus were lower compared with the tubers from Egypt, Spain and Morocco. The potatoes which had more starch had higher dry matter contents and more monosaccharides. The highest starch content was determined in the ‘Excellency’ potatoes, which represent the floury cooking type, imported from Spain or Morocco. The 'Excellency' tubers imported from Morocco had more total sugars and monosaccharides than the potatoes imported from Spain. All of the tested potato varieties had a very low susceptibility to the aftercooking darkening.

13

Impact of UV-C irradiation of potato seed tubers on the defects in potato plant crops

Jakubowski Tomasz

Agricultural Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 23, No. 3

71--77

EN

The purpose of the paper was to determine the impact of UV-C irradiation of seed potatoes on the formation of tuber defects in the progeny crop. The field experiment was carried out in 2016-2018, and the object of research was potato plants of the Vineta, Lord and Owacja varieties. Different heights of the UV-C radiator above the chamber bottom (40-100 cm) and exposure times (1-30 min.) were used. Data was analyzed with the STATISTICA 13.3 program, at the assumed significance level α = 0.05, using a non-parametric test χ2 for multidimensional contingency tables. In the scope of the parameters of the chamber for UV irradiation of plant material adopted in the experiment, no statistically significant UV-C effect on potato tuber defects was demonstrated. In the potato tuber crop of the examined varieties, shape deformations in the form of kidney and spindle disease were identified. The crop of potato obtained from seed potatoes irradiated with UV-C demonstrated a lower percentage of deformed tubers, as compared to the control combination.

PL

Praca miała na celu określenie wpływ naświetlania sadzeniaków ziemniaka UV-C na powstawanie wad bulw w plonie roślin potomnych. Ścisłe doświadczenie polowe realizowano w latach 2016-2018 a obiektem badań były rośliny ziemniaka odmiany Vineta, Lord i Owacja. Stosowano różne wysokości promiennika UV-C nad dnem komory (40, 70 i 100 cm) oraz czasy naświetlania (1, 10 i 30 min.). Analizę danych wykonano w programie STATISTICA 13.3 na założonym poziomie istotności α=0,05 stosując nieparametryczny test χ 2 dla wielowymiarowych tabel kontyngencji. W zakresie przyjętych w doświadczeniu parametrów pracy komory do naświetlania materiału roślinnego ultrafioletem nie wykazano statystycznie istotnego wpływu UV-C na powstawanie wad bulw ziemniaka. Stwierdzono, że w plonie bulw ziemniaka badanych odmian występują deformacje kształtu mające postać nerkowatości i wrzecionowatości. W plonie ziemniaka, uzyskanego z roślin sadzeniaków naświetlanych UV-C, stwierdzono mniejszy odsetek bulw zdeformowanych w odniesieniu do kombinacji kontrolnej.

14

Impact of parameters of irradiation of potato bulbs with UVC on selected coefficients of assessment of colour of fries determined with CIE L*a*b* method

Sobol Zygmunt, Jakubowski Tomasz, Nawara Piotr

Agricultural Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 23, No. 2

57--68

EN

Assessment of the colour with the use of many parameters is used with reference to evaluation of the quality changes of products resulting from application of specific technological treatments. The paper investigates the effect of relations between parameters of irradiation of potato bulbs with UVC on selected coefficients of assessment of the colour of fries determined with CIE L*a*b* method. It was statistically significantly proved that UV-C radiation affected brightness of fries, change in colour, recognition of the difference in colour and intensity of the colour reception. Statistical analysis of results was carried out at the assumed level of significance α=0.05.

PL

Ocena barwy, z wykorzystaniem jej wielu parametrów, wykorzystywana jest w odniesieniu do oceny zmian jakościowych produktów, wynikających z zastosowania określonych zabiegów technologicznych. W pracy badano efekty relacji pomiędzy parametrami naświetlania bulw ziemniaka ultrafioletem w paśmie C na wybrane współczynniki oceny barwy frytek wyznaczone metodą CIE L*a*b*. Wykazano statystycznie istotny wpływ naświetlania UV-C na jasność frytek, zmianę barwy, rozpoznawalność różnicy barwy oraz intensywność odbioru barwy. Analizę statystyczną wyników wykonano na założonym poziomie istotności ε = 0,05.

15

Modeling methods of predicting potato yield - examples and possibilities of application

Piekutowska M., Niedbała G., Adamski M., Czechlowski M., Wojciechowski T., Czechowska-Kosacka A., Wójcik Oliveira K.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 63, nr 4

176--180

EN

The purpose of the following work is to review the methods used in predicting plant yields, with particular emphasis on potato production. The article refers to the histological methods of estimating plant yields and prevailing trends: groundbased remote sensing, which is often associated with regression calculus, multiple regression, artificial intelligence and image analysis. There are also two popular models SUBSTOR and LINTUL-POTATO, which are the foundation for developing more and more accurate tools of potato yield estimation. There are many methods that allow to predict yields before the end of the growing season. The most important element in creating prediction models is choosing the appropriate number of independent variables that actually shape the yielding of potatoes. Timely and accurate prediction of crop yields improve the management of agricultural production as well as limit financial, quantitative and qualitative losses of crops.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy był przegląd metod wykorzystywanych w prognozowaniu plonów roślin ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem produkcji ziemniaka. W artykule nawiązano do historycznych sposobów szacowania plonów roślin oraz obecnie panujących trendów w predykcji: teledetekcji naziemnej, która często powiązana jest z rachunkiem regresyjnym, regresji wielorakiej, sztucznej inteligencji, analizie obrazów. Wspomniano także o dwóch popularnych modelach SUBSTOR i LINTULPOTATO, które stworzyły podwaliny do opracowywania coraz dokładniejszych narzędzi prognozujących plony ziemniaków. Wiele metod pozwala na predykcję plonów przed zakończeniem sezonu wegetacyjnego. Najistotniejszym elementem tworzenia modeli predykcyjnych jest dobór odpowiedniej liczby zmiennych niezależnych, które rzeczywiście kształtują plonowanie ziemniaków. Terminowe i dokładne prognozy plonów roślin uprawnych usprawniają zarządzanie produkcją rolniczą, pozwalają na ograniczanie strat finansowych, ilościowych i jakościowych plonów.

16

Application of artificial neural networks for the prediction of quality characteristics of potato tubers - Innovator variety

Niedbała G., Piekutowska M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2018

|

Vol. 63, nr 4

132--138

EN

The aim of the research was to create a model for prediction of tuber dry matter on the basis of underwater weight of tubers (UWW), with the use of neural modelling methods. In order to achieve the aim of the study, data from the years 2011-2017 were collected from the production fields of an individual farm located at the border of Pomeranian and West Pomeranian Voivodeships in Słupski and Sławieński districts. The subject of the research concerned potatoes of the Innovator variety, which were grown for processing purposes - production of French fries. To build a neural model, data from September sampling as well as meteorological and fertilizer data were used. A total of 82 learning cases from the fields covered by the analyses were used, which were divided into two sets. Set 1, for the construction of the neural model consisted of 75 samples. Set 2, which consisted of 7 randomly selected samples, had a validation function and did not participate in the construction of the neural model. For proper model validation, four forecast error measures were used, i.e. relative approximation error (RAE), root mean square error (RMS), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The model MLP 8:8-12-5-1:1 (BP100,CG31b) was based on eight inputs (meteorological data, fertilization levels) and one output (dry matter of tubers under water). The analysis resulted in a forecast error of 2.81% of MAPE. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of the neural network showed that the mean air temperature in the period from April to September (T4-9) had the greatest influence on the dry matter of tubers.

PL

Celem pracy było wytworzenie modelu do predykcji suchej masy bulw na podstawie masy bulw pod wodą z wykorzystaniem metod modelowania neuronowego. Dla realizacji celu pracy zebrano dane pochodzące z lat 2011-2017 pochodzące z pól produkcyjnych gospodarstwa indywidualnego, zlokalizowanego przy granicy województw pomorskiego i zachodniopomorskiego w powiatach słupskim i sławieńskim. Przedmiotem badań były ziemniaki odmiany Innovator, które uprawiano na cele przetwórcze - produkcję frytek. Do budowy modelu neuronowego, wykorzystano dane pochodzące z wrześniowych próbkowań oraz dane meteorologiczne i nawozowe. Łącznie użyto 82 przypadków uczących pochodzących z pól objętych analizami, które zostały podzielone na dwa zbiory. Zbiór 1, do budowy modelu neuronowego składał się z 75 prób. Zbiór 2, który tworzyło 7 losowo wybranych prób, pełnił funkcję walidacyjną i nie uczestniczył w budowie modelu neuronowego. Dla właściwej walidacji modelu zastosowano cztery mierniki błędów prognozy, tj. globalny względny błąd aproksymacji modelu (RAE), błąd średniokwadratowy (RMS), błąd średni bezwzględny (MAE), błąd średni bezwzględny procentowy (MAPE). Wytworzony model MLP 8:8-12-5-1:1 (BP100,CG31b) bazował na ośmiu wejściach (dane meteorologiczne, poziomy nawożenia) i jednym wyjściu (sucha masa bulw pod wodą). W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz uzyskano wynik błędu prognozy na poziomie 2.81% MAPE. Ponadto analiza wrażliwości sieci neuronowej wykazała, że największy wpływ na suchą masę bulw miała średnia temperatura powietrza w okresie od kwietnia do września (T4-9).

17

The Effect of Biostimulators on the Tastiness and Darkening of the Pulp of Raw and Cooked Potato Tubers

Mystkowska I., Baranowska A., Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Sikorska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 5

116--121

EN

Field experiments were carried out in 2015–2017 with the use of bio-stimulators on an individual farm in Międzyrzec Podlaski. The experiment was based on a random split-plot method. The influence of two first factors was examined. The primary factor included three varieties of edible potato: Honorata, Jelly, Tajfun, and the secondary factor involved five ways of using bio-stimulators: Kelpak SL, Titanit, Green Ok, Brunatne Bio Złoto Cytokinin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of bio-stimulators on the tastiness and darkening of the pulp of raw and cooked tubers after 10 minutes. The effectiveness of the application of individual bio-stimulators in the cultivation of edible potato varieties: Honorata, Jelly and Tajfun was compared with the control object (without using bio-stimulators) sprayed with water. The methods of using bio-stimulators did not change the tastiness and darkening of the pulp of raw tubers, but they had a significant impact on the darkening of the pulp of the cooked tubers. The raw and cooked pulp of the Honorata variety darkened the least, and the Jelly variety turned out to be the tastiest, scoring 8.0 points on a scale of 1–9 compared to the remaining varieties.

18

Woda w produkcji ziemniaka, problemy i wyzwania

Nowacki W.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 6

14--25

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano znaczenie wody w produkcji i zagospodarowaniu zbiorów ziemniaka. Ziemniak jest gatunkiem o względnie niskim współczynniku transpiracji, ale wysoki plon biomasy uzyskiwany z jednostki powierzchni w krótkim przedziale czasowym określa wysokie potrzeby wodne określone na 350 do 450 mm opadów w okresie wegetacji. W pracy określono wymagania wodne ziemniaka w poszczególnych fazach rozwoju roślin, a także przeanalizowano wielkość opadów atmosferycznych na obszarze Polski w ostatnich latach. Określono także wpływ nawadniania na plon i zmiany jakości bulw ziemniaka. W nowoczesnej agrotechnice naturalne opady uzupełniane coraz częściej nawadnianiem pozwalają uzyskać bardzo wysokie plony ziemniaka. Do metod poprawiających korzystanie z wody potrzebnej do prowadzenia nawadniania na plantacjach ziemniaka należą: retencjonowanie zasobów wody zimowej w zbiornikach, uprawa na glebach o podwyższonej retencji, przestrzeganie optymalnych terminów agrotechnicznych, uprawa odmian o podwyższonej tolerancji na stres suszy, prowadzenie nawadniania na podstawie monitoringu deficytu polowej pojemności wodnej oraz stosowanie nawadniania kropelkowego. Zapotrzebowanie na wodę nie ogranicza się tylko do uprawy ziemniaka, ale także do przygotowania bulw do współczesnego handlu (mycie) oraz w przetwórstwie spożywczym, krochmalnictwie i gorzelnictwie.

EN

The article characterizes the importance of water in the production and management of potato crops. Potato is a species with a relatively low transpiration coefficient, but the high biomass yield obtained from the surface unit in a short time span determines the high water needs set for 350 to 450 mm of rainfall during the growing season. The work determines the potato water requirements in individual phases of plant development, as well as analyzed the amount of atmospheric precipitation in Poland in recent years. The influence of irrigation on the yield and changes in the quality of potato tubers was also determined. In modern agrotechnics, natural rainfills replenished more and more often with irrigation allow to obtain very high potato yields. Methods improving the use of water needed for irrigation on potato plantations include: retention of winter water resources in reservoirs, cultivation on soils with high retention, compliance with optimal agrotechnical dates, cultivation of varieties with increased tolerance to drought stress, irrigation based on field deficit monitoring water capacity and the use of drip irrigation. The demand for water is not limited only to growing potatoes, but also to prepare tubers for modern trade (washing) as well as in food processing, starch production and distilling alcohol.

19

Porównanie opłacalności różnych sposobów regulacji zachwaszczenia w uprawie ziemniaka jadalnego

Barbaś P., Sawicka B.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2017

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R. 25, nr 2

5--15

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie opłacalności uprawy ziemniaka jadalnego w warunkach zróżnicowanej jego pielęgnacji. Wyniki badań oparto na doświadczeniu polowym przeprowadzonym w latach 2007-2009 w zakładzie doświadczalnym Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Jadwisinie. Eksperyment założono metodą losowanych podbloków w układzie zależnym, split-plot, w trzech powtórzeniach. Czynnikiem I rzędu były dwie odmiany ziemniaka, zaś czynnik II rzędu stanowiło 8 sposobów regulacji zachwaszczenia. Do oceny ekonomicznej sposobów odchwaszczania wykorzystano metodę opartą na standardowej nadwyżce bezpośredniej (SGM - Standard Gross Margin). Czynnikiem decydującym w dużym stopniu o opłacalności produkcji ziemniaka jadalnego były sposoby jego pielęgnacji. Dobór odmian ziemniaka miał w tym przypadku mniejsze znaczenie. Największą opłacalnością cechowała się pielęgnacja chemiczna z zastosowaniem herbicydu Sencor 70 WG w dawce 0,5 kg·ha-1 przed wschodami ziemniaka, najmniejszą zaś pielęgnacja z aplikacją tego samego preparatu po wschodach ziemniaka.

EN

The purpose of this study is to determine the cost-effectiveness of edible potato in the conditions of different weed control system. The test results were based on a field experiment conducted in 2007-2009 in the experimental station of the Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization - National Research Institute in Jadwisin. Experiment was covered with the method of drawn sub blocks in the dependent arrangement, split-plot, in three repeating. Order factor were cultivars of potato, Cotoneaster and Fianna, factor II row weed control methods. The method based on the standard gross margin (SGM) was used for the economic evaluation of the weed control methods. The results of the study indicate that the decisive factor in a large extent, the profitability of production of edible potato former ways its care. Selection of potato was reduced significantly important. The greatest profitability was characterized by a variant of care with the use of the herbicide Sencor 70 WG at 0.5 kg·ha-1 preemergence potato, the smallest and care with the application of the same preparation after emergence of the potato.

20

Yield and commercial tuber quality of potatoes grown under two crop production systems in different environmental conditions

Zarzyńska K., Jończyk K.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 62, nr 4

211--215

EN

The experiment was carried out in the years 2014-2016 in two sites: Osiny-south-east Poland and Jadwisin- central Poland. In both places potatoes were grown under two crop production systems: organic and integrated. In Osiny the plantation was placed on heavier soil and in Jadwisn on lighter one. Six potato cultivars from different group of maturity were tested. The biggest impact on the tuber yield and its structure had a production system, followed by years and cultivars. A place of growing was the least important. The average yield obtained in an integrated system was higher by above 30% than in the organic system, the fact that much greater differences occurred on the lighter soil. Cultivar differences concerned only the share of large tubers. Site of growing affected only the total yield. The tested factors in the less way affected the commercial tubers quality. The share of tuber disorders was not strictly dependent on the production system and it can not be said that in the organic system tuber quality was worse.

PL

Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2014-2016 w dwóch miejscowościach Jadwisin, woj. mazowieckie i Osiny, woj. lubelskie. W obu miejscowościach uprawiano ziemniaki w dwóch systemach produkcji, tj. ekologicznym i integrowanym. W Osinach uprawa prowadzona była na glebie kompleksu żytniego dobrego, w Jadwisinie na glebie kompleksu żytniego słabego. Badano 6 odmian ziemniaka należących do różnych grup wczesności. Stwierdzono, że największy wpływ na wielkość plonu bulw i jego strukturę miał system produkcji. Najmniejsze znaczenie miało miejsce uprawy. Średni plon uzyskany w systemie integrowanym był o ponad 30% wyższy niż systemie ekologicznym. Większe różnice między systemami uzyskano na glebie lżejszej. Różnice odmianowe dotyczyły tylko udziału w plonie bulw dużych. Miejsce uprawy różnicowało jedynie plon ogólny bulw. Badane czynniki w niewielkim stopniu wpływały na udział wad bulw. Nie można jednoznacznie stwierdzić, że w systemie ekologicznym jakość handlowa bulw była gorsza niż w systemie integrowanym.