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1

Przydatność polimerów stosowanych w technologii druku 3D do budowy modeli doświadczalnych służących do badań dynamicznych na stole wstrząsowym

Dulińska Joanna, Boroń Paweł, Tatara Tadeusz, Budzik Grzegorz, Przeszłowski Łukasz

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 1

17--22

PL

Technologia druku 3D ma coraz większe zastosowanie w budownictwie. W artykule zaprezentowano ocenę przydatności wybranych polimerów do druku modeli laboratoryjnych służących do identyfikacji częstotliwości drgań własnych obiektów na stole wstrząsowym. Wyznaczono doświadczalnie parametry fizykomechaniczne polimerów, a także obliczono skale podobieństwa w przypadku modeli wydrukowanych z analizowanych polimerów. Wskazano na parametry materiałowe polimerów warunkujące możliwość i zasadność ich stosowania w badaniach dynamicznych na stole wstrząsowym.

EN

3D printing technology is gradually becoming more employed in civil engineering. The article assesses the suitability of selected polymers for printing laboratory models used to identify the natural frequencies of structures on a shaking table. Experimental physical and mechanical parameters of the polymers were determined, and similarity scales were calculated for models printed with the analysed polymers. The material parameters of the polymers determining the possibility and validity of their use in dynamic tests on a shaking table were also indicated.

2

Perspektywy rozwoju rozwiązań materiałowo-konstrukcyjnych belek zespolonych w świetle najnowszych badań

Nawrot Jacek

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 7-8

122--125

PL

Ciągły rozwój konstrukcji budowlanych powoduje doskonalenie istniejących oraz powstawanie nowych rozwiązań materiałowo-konstrukcyjnych, w tym również dotyczących belek zespolonych. W pracy dokonano przeglądu najnowszych badań w tym zakresie. Na ich podstawie wskazano, że największy potencjał rozwoju mają rozwiązania, których parametry wytrzymałościowe i użytkowe są porównywalne z tradycyjnymi konstrukcjami, bazujące na materiałach ekologicznych lub cechujących się niższą energochłonnością i emisyjnością niż stal czy beton, do produkcji których można wykorzystać odpady i surowce pochodzące z recyklingu.

EN

The continuous development of building structures results in the improvement of existing and the emergence of new material and structural solutions, including composite beams. The paper reviews the latest research in this field. On their basis, it was indicated that the greatest potential for development has solutions whose strength and performance parameters are comparable to traditional structures, based on ecological materials or characterized by lower energy consumption and emissivity than steel or concrete, for the production of which waste and recycled raw materials can be used.

3

Impact of orthodontic adhesive magnets on the mechanical properties and degree of conversion of a photopolymerized orthodontic adhesive

Al-Hayali Saud Khalil, Abed Mazin Ahmed, Al Qassar Sarmad Salih

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2023

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nr 10

329--334

EN

The purpose of this study was to calculate the effects of magnetic field (MF) on the degree of conversion (DC%) and mechanical properties of a photopolymerized orthodontic adhesive. In this investigation, Vega Ortho UV orthodontic adhesive was employed. The applied magnetic field had varying intensities (fixed at 0.01 T, 0.03 T, 0.05 T, 0.1 T, 0.15 T, and 0.2 T and a duration of 5 minutes) and a fixed frequency of 50 Hz. Vickers microhardness and DC% were investigated utilizing the specimens, which were created using circular molds and prepared for compression strength (CS) testing in accordance with ISO 4049. To evaluate DC% before and after MF exposure, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ ATR) was performed. A microhardness tester was used to quantify the samples’ initial VHN while subjecting them to a 500 g load for 15 seconds. After that, properties were evaluated. With the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surfaces were evaluated. The one-way analysis of difference and Tukey significant difference tests were used to evaluate the data. Analyses of statistical data showed that DC% tends to rise up to 0.05 T. When compared to the control, VHN and compression strength were considerably decreased after 0.03 T MF (p ≤ 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the VHN and CS as their values increased with increasing magnetic field intensity. The surfaces of the Vega Ortho were deteriorated, as shown by SEM scans. It was found that the effect of the magnetic field caused changes in the physical and chemical properties.

PL

Celem badania było określenie wpływu pola magnetycznego (MF) na stopień konwersji (DC%) i właściwości mechaniczne fotopolimeryzowanego kleju ortodontycznego. W badaniu zastosowano klej ortodontyczny Vega Ortho UV. Zastosowane pole magnetyczne miało różne natężenia (0,01 T, 0,03 T, 0,05 T, 0,1 T, 0,15 T i 0,2 T przez 5 minut) i stałą częstotliwość 50 Hz. Mikrotwardość Vickersa i DC% ustalono z wykorzystaniem próbek, które zostały wykonane przy użyciu okrągłych form i przygotowane do badania wytrzymałości na ściskanie (CS) zgodnie z normą ISO 4049. Do oceny DC% przed ekspozycją na działanie pola magnetycznego i po niej wykorzystano spektroskopię w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera (FTIR/ATR). Do ilościowego określenia początkowej wartości VHN próbek użyto mikrotwardościomierza, poddając je obciążeniu 500 g przez 15 sekund. Następnie dokonano oceny właściwości. Ocenę powierzchni przeprowadzono za pomocą skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej (SEM). Dane poddano jednokierunkowej analizie różnic i testowi istotnej różnicy Tukeya. Analizy danych statystycznych wykazały, że DC% ma tendencję do wzrostu do poziomu 0,05 T. W porównaniu z próbką kontrolną wartości VHN i wytrzymałości na ściskanie uległy znacznemu zmniejszeniu po oddziaływaniu 0,03 T MF (p ≤ 0,05). Istniała jednak znacząca różnica między VHN i CS, ponieważ ich wartości rosły wraz ze wzrostem natężenia pola magnetycznego. Powierzchnie Vega Ortho uległy degradacji, jak wykazały skany SEM. Stwierdzono, że wpływ pola magnetycznego spowodował zmiany właściwości fizykochemicznych.

4

The experimental study of the effect of magnetically sensitive elastomers on oil recovery of reservoirs containing high-viscosity oils

Mustafayeva Rena E.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 2

110--113

EN

In world practice, low-viscosity oil accounts for the main share of production. As the development progresses, the share of high-viscosity oil in the total balance increases year on year. The growing unused reserves of high-viscosity oil oblige researchers to solve the issue of developing these reserves, which is an important task for the oil industry. Studies have been carried out to increase oil recovery during the development of oil reservoirs containing high-viscosity oil by pumping a solution of magnetically active polymer, namely silicone oligomer, the matrix of which contains 5–25% Fe+3 ions, treated with a constant transverse magnetic field with a strength of H = 51740 A/m. A mixture of 90% by weight of quartz sand and 10% by weight of bentonite clay, with a permeability of k = 1.4 D, was used as a reservoir model. The high-viscosity oil model consisted of St-45 aviation oil. A silicone oligomer of 159–360 brand was used as a matrix with an operating temperature range of 60°C to +300°C, into which particles of gamma-Fe2O3 Nano powder with a size of 0.5 nm are introduced, with a degree of filling of the matrix of 5–25% by volume of Fe. Magnetization saturation is 80 emu/g, residual magnetization is 460 emu/g, and coercive force is 670 Oh. Validation of the proposed method was carried out by physical modeling of the process of displacement of high-viscosity oil with a magnetic elastomer on a laboratory installation. The oil recovery coefficient was calculated according to a wellknown method. The use of magnetically sensitive polymer can be an effective method of developing heavy oil fields. For each heavy oil field, taking into account its specifics (reservoir properties of the rock, physicochemical properties of oil, etc.), an appropriate magnet active polymer is selected. As the experimental results show, the best indicator of the oil recovery coefficient is achieved at 65%, compared with 48% of recovery in the absence of magnetic field exposure.

PL

W praktyce światowej główną część produkcji stanowią ropy o niskiej lepkości. W miarę postępu rozwoju udział rop o dużej lepkości w ogólnym bilansie rośnie z roku na rok. Rosnące niewykorzystane zasoby ropy naftowej o wysokiej lepkości obligują badaczy do rozwiązania kwestii zagospodarowania tych zasobów, co jest ważnym zadaniem dla przemysłu naftowego. W czasie zagospodarowania złóż ropy naftowej o dużej lepkości prowadzone były badania nad zwiększeniem wydobycia ropy poprzez tłoczenie roztworu magnetycznie aktywnego polimeru, jakim jest oligomer silikonowy, którego matryca zawiera 5–25% jonów Fe+3, poddanego działaniu stałego poprzecznego pola magnetycznego o natężeniu H = 51740 A/m. Jako model złoża zastosowano mieszaninę: 90% mas. piasku kwarcowego i 10% mas. glinki bentonitowej, o przepuszczalności k = 1,4 D. Modelem ropy o dużej lepkości był olej lotniczy St-45. Jako matrycę o zakresie temperatur pracy od 60°C do +300°C zastosowano oligomer silikonowy marki 159–360, do którego wprowadzone zostały cząsteczki nanoproszku gamma-Fe2O3 o rozmiarach 0,5 nm, a stopień wypełnienia matrycy jest w zakresie 5–25% obj. Fe. Nasycenie magnetyczne wynosi 80 emu/g, namagnesowanie szczątkowe wynosi 460 emu/g, a siła koercji wynosi 670 Oh. Walidację proponowanej metody przeprowadzono poprzez fizyczne modelowanie procesu wypierania oleju o dużej lepkości elastomerem magnetycznym w instalacji laboratoryjnej. Współczynnik odzysku oleju obliczono według znanej metody. Zastosowanie magnetycznie czułego polimeru może być skuteczną metodą zagospodarowania złóż ciężkich rop. Dla każdego złoża ciężkiej ropy naftowej, biorąc pod uwagę jego specyfikę (właściwości skały zbiornikowej, właściwości fizykochemiczne ropy itp.), dobierany jest odpowiedni polimer magnetycznie aktywny. Z eksperymentu wynika, że najlepszy współczynnik odzysku oleju osiągnięto na poziomie 65%, w porównaniu z 48% odzysku przy braku ekspozycji na pole magnetyczne.

5

Microplastics contamination in commercial fish landed at Lengkong Fish Auction Point, Central Java, Indonesia

Hidayati Nuning Vita, Rachman Fenina O.B., Muslih, Hidayat Rizqi R., Meinita Maria D.N., Hendrayana, Husni Iqbal A., Andriyono Sapto, Sanjayasari Dyahruri

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

70--78

EN

Plastic is one of the main pollutant sources that are difficult to decompose and then carried into the ocean and fragmented into smaller parts (microplastics) due to UV radiation and water currents. Their small size means that microplastics are often ingested by aquatic organisms, such as fish. This research aimed to determine the presence, abundance, and types of microplastics in the digestive tract of four dominant fishes landed at Lengkong Fish Auction Point, Cilacap, Central Java, i.e. threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.), threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus), and hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus). We found microplastics in the digestive tract of four selected fishes with a frequency of occurrence of 100%. The concentration of microplastics in fish digestive tracts is relatively high, with a value range of 12 ±2.86 to 28.33 ±8.11 particles∙ind.-1. Microplastics were found in films, fibres, fragments, and granule shape types with various colours: brown, purple, blue, black, green, transparent, and yellow. The polymers found were polystyrene (PS), nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The present study provides baseline data for microplastics contamination in commercial fish species landed at Lengkong Fish Auction Point, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. The fact that we discovered PU, the most harmful polymer, piques our attention.

6

Investigating Microplastics in the Mediterranean Coastal Areas – Case Study of Al-Hoceima Bay, Morocco

Achoukhi Iliass, El Hammoudani Yahya, Dimane Fouad, Haboubi Khadija, Bourjila Abdelhak, Haboubi Chaimae, Benaissa Chaimae, Elabdouni Aouatif, Faiz Hatim

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

176--190

EN

The issue of microplastics pollution is gaining increasing attention as a global environmental concern. These tiny particles, measuring no more than 5 mm in size and coming in various shapes, can affect all types of marine eco-systems as they are easily consumed by a wide range of marine species. Al-Hoceima Bay, with its semi-enclosed nature and heavily affected anthropized coastline, was chosen as the study area for this research. The main objective was to investigate the presence of various microplastic types in Al-Hoceima Bay by implementing a sampling strategy along the coastline. This comprehensive approach was applied on a local scale within the bay (located in the northwest Mediterranean). Three stations were established in the bay, each located at different levels: the supralittoral, medilittoral and interlittoral. Microplastics were collected from these locations and classified into four categories based on their abundance. Digital microscopy was used to count the plastic particles and they were identified by Fourier transform-attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Results showed a higher presence of microplastics in water at 114 particles/L compared to sediment at 70 particles/L. The classification of samples revealed fibers as the most prevalent form, followed by fragments and films being the least commonly found. The abundance of fibers was found to be higher in water 90%, while in sediment it was 31%, however, fragments and leaves were found in higher concentrations in sediment. Polypropylene and polyethylene were identified as the major polymers used in the microplastics analyzed.

7

A comprehensive review of polymer materials and selective laser sintering technology for 3D printing

Jabri F. E., Ouballouch A., Lasri L., Alaiji R. El

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 118, nr 1

5--17

EN

Purpose This review analyses different approaches used to study selective laser sintering (SLS) technology of polymer materials. These main approaches concern: thermal behaviour, fatigue and surface roughness. Design/methodology/approach Regarding the first behaviour, researchers extensively studied the impact of process parameters, including scan speed, laser, power and laser energy density, on the thermal behaviour of 3D printed parts. Numerical and experimental analyses are used to conduct process parameter evaluations. Findings Laser power and scan speed are the most significant parameters of the laser energy density. For the second, according to test protocols and quantitative analysis performed, the authors concluded that the combination of small and large laser energy density particles generates higher sintering and better fatigue resistance. Moreover, tensile analysis in different environments showed that testing in the water decreased the fatigue life of polymer samples. The influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties and surface roughness of 3D parts is also analysed. In addition, the investigators found that the additives increase the surface roughness of 3D printed parts. Practical implications This review shows that researchers can focus on creating a combination of these approaches to expand the use of this process for industrial part production. Originality/value All these investigations have made it possible to determine the optimal process conditions to ensure higher quality, optimal surface quality and better fatigue strength.

8

Microbial Fluidized Bed Reactor Removing Pharmaceutical Contaminants from Wastewater – Review

Abbas Mays, Al Kindi Ghayda Yaseen, Hussein Amal Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

266--279

EN

Pharmaceutical contaminants are difficult to remove with standard treatment techniques and are one of the current problems in wastewater treatment. These bioactive substances are considered emerging pollutants due to their persistence and potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. They will continue to function even in small amounts. Efficient wastewater treatment methods are needed to address this issue. As a result, the efforts to develop more efficient wastewater treatment methods have recently intensified. Fluidized bed reactors offer a special opportunity for efficient treatment of wastewater containing recalcitrant pollutants. This article discussed FBBR and covered its advantages, disadvantages, modifications, and applications. Additionally, the FBBR design was briefly discussed.

9

Material Production and the Effect of the System on Biocompatibility in the Modified Metal Injection Method

Çiçek Bünyamin, Sun Yavuz

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

195--204

EN

In this study, the bio state of the alloy produced in the modified metal injection system was monitored after sintering. A new system operating with high gas pressure, far from the traditional injection model, has been established for material production. In this system, 316L stainless steel powders were molded using a PEG/PMMA/SA polymer recipe. During molding, approximately 60% 316L and 40% binder by volume were used. The samples obtained were sintered at different temperatures (1100-1300°C) after de-binding. Density measurement (Archimedes) and hardness tests (HV1) of the samples were measured as 6.74 g/cm3 and ~285 HV1, respectively. A potentiodynamic corrosion test was applied to monitor the effect of the amount of oxide in the structure of the 316L stainless steel produced. Corrosion tests were carried out in artificial body solutions. The corrosion rate was measured at the level of 17.08×10-3 mm/y. In terms of biocompatibility, a cytotoxicity test was applied to the samples and the life course of the bacteria was monitored. For the 316L alloys produced, the % vitality reached approximately 103%.

10

Mechanical analysis of multilayer composite materials with duroplastic matrix after exposure to low temperatures

Krzak Anna, Nowak A. J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 122, nr 2

49--57

EN

Purpose: Cryogenic engineering is gaining more and more interest in various industry sectors, which leads to an intensive search for effective solutions. The article presents the findings of mechanical testing conducted on glass-epoxy laminates at room temperature and after long- term contact with liquid nitrogen. Design/methodology/approach: To compare the impact properties and flexural strength, the samples were tested under cryogenic and room conditions, and then the fracture locations were identified using the Leica DVM6 microscope. The study brings value to the emerging field of cryogenic engineering by providing valuable information on the mechanical properties of glass-epoxy composites under cryogenic conditions. Findings: It has been found out that immersing the glass-epoxy composites into the Dewar had minimal influence on impact and flexural strength properties. The most noticeable changes were observed in the case of the EP_4_2 composite. The material consists of a solution of brominated epoxy resin in an organic solvent. It is used to produce laminates in electrical engineering and printed circuits in electronics, where it should exhibit excellent impact properties. Research limitations/implications: One of the prospective research directions is a thorough analysis of the mechanical properties of the developed composite materials during cryogenic cycles. Originality/value: The study aims to determine the effect of different compositions of glass fabric-reinforced resin with a weight of 205 g/m2 on the mechanical properties of the developed composite materials at both room temperature and after long-term exposure to liquid nitrogen. Those investigations serve as surveillance for developing of new material solutions directed towards cryogenic applications and are essential for subsequent stages of research.

11

Investigation of the effect of polymer concentration in fracturing fluid on crack size and permeability during hydraulic fracturing

Moroz L. B., Uhrynovskyi A. V., Kogut G. M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 122, nr 2

70--77

EN

Purpose: This article aims to investigate the impact of polymer type and concentration in the fracturing fluid on the size and permeability of fractures during hydraulic fracturing. The aim is to predict the conductivity and productivity of the formed fractures in order to evaluate the cumulative gas production. Design/methodology/approach: The influence of polymer concentration in the fracturing fluid on the size and permeability of fractures was studied using the GOHFER software from Haliburton. Findings: The results of the study show that by combining the effect of increasing fracture size and decreasing the permeability of the proppant, a gas flow rate increase of 3.5 times was achieved. Research limitations/implications: High polymer concentrations lead to reduced permeability due to the accumulation of polymer residues and polymer skin. Practical implications: The conducted study on the impact of polymer concentration in the fracturing fluid on the size and permeability of fractures will allow for a more qualitative hydraulic fracturing process. Originality/value: This article presents how the concentration and type of polymer affect the width, thickness, length, and conductivity of fractures during hydraulic fracturing.

12

Leading-edge polymer/carbonaceous nano-reinforcement nanocomposites — opportunities for space sector

Kausar Ayesha, Ahmad Ishaq

Advances in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, nr 4(78)

99--122

EN

Carbonaceous or nanocarbon nano-reinforcement nanocomposites have been found as emergent candidates for aerospace industry. Consequently, the multifunctional nanocomposites have been fabricated using marvelous nanocarbon nanostructures like graphene, carbon nanotube, fullerene, carbon black, etc. Manufacturing techniques have also been engrossed for the formation of high performance engineering nanocomposites having fine strength, heat stability, flame resistance, and other space desired features. These practices include solution, in situ, and melt procedures, on top of specific space structural design techniques, for the formation of aerospace structures. The aerospace related material property enhancements using various carbonaceous nano-reinforcements depends upon the type of nanocarbon, dimensionality, as well as inherent features of these nanostructures (in addition to the choice of manufacturing methods). Furthermore, carbon nano-reinforcements have been filled, besides carbon fibers, in the epoxy matrices. Nanocarbon coated carbon fibers have been filled in epoxy resins to form the high performance nanomaterials for space structures. The engineering features of these materials have been experiential appropriate for the aerospace structures. Further research on these nanomaterials may be a key towards future opportunities in the aero systems. Additionally, the explorations on structure-property relationships of the carbonaceous nanocomposites have been found indispensable for the development of advanced aerospace structures.

13

Polimery w nowym wcieleniu

Wróbel Gabriel

Polimery dla Biznesu

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2022

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nr 4

27--29

PL

W artykule przedstawiono studium produktów przemysłowych – sprężyn pierścieniowych, które dzięki nowym rozwiązaniom materiałowym pozwalają poszerzyć obecnie stosowane charakterystyki podobnych elementów konstrukcyjnych wykonywanych z wysokojakościowych stali [1-4]. Własności materiałów polimerowych, w połączeniu z odpowiednio dobraną postacią konstrukcyjną oraz wymiarami, stwarzają szerokie pole dla zastosowań w układach zarówno statycznych jak i dynamicznych, dzięki możliwościom spełnienia różnych kryteriów użytkowych, obejmujących sztywność, deformację, tłumienie drgań, uderzeń, hałasu. Oferują jednocześnie właściwe polimerom zalety odporności na korozję, technologiczności, ale również gęstość masową w porównaniu do stali.

EN

The article presents a study of industrial products - ring springs, which, thanks to new material solutions, make it possible to expand the currently used characteristics of similar structural elements made of high-quality steels [1-4]. The properties of polymeric materials, combined with appropriately selected structural form and dimensions, create a wide field for applications in both static and dynamic systems, thanks to their ability to meet various performance criteria, including stiffness, deformation, damping of vibrations, impacts, noise. At the same time, they offer the inherent advantages of polymers in corrosion resistance, technologicity, but also mass density compared to steel.

14

Synthesis and characterization of new polymer sorbents based on EGDMA and cellulose

Podkościelna Beata, Wawrzkiewicz Monika, Goliszek Marta, Lipke Agnieszka, Chabros Artur

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 2

art. no. 147466

EN

In this article bio-based and cheap microcrystalline cellulose was used as a modificator for the synthesis of polymeric sorbents based on ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and styrene (St). Cellulose was previously modified with methacrylic anhydride. The polymerization reaction was carried out in an aqueous medium with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol using the suspension polymerization technique. The chemical structure of the obtained sorbents was confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis. In the next stage of the research, the materials were tested for their sorption capacity to remove organic dyes of acidic and basic type from aqueous solutions.

15

Wpływ kąta rastrowania na właściwości mechaniczne polimeru PLA-IMPACT w technologii druku 3D

Boroń Paweł, Dulińska Joanna, Jurkowska Nadzieja, Tatara Tadeusz

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 4

6--10

PL

Celem pracy jest poznanie możliwości i uwarunkowań stosowania modeli wykonanych w technologii druku 3D do badań dynamicznych. Zaprezentowano metodę i wyniki badań określających parametry fizykomechaniczne polimeru PLA-IMPACT drukowanego z różnymi kątami rastrowania. Badania wykazały, że wartość modułu sprężystości polimeru nie zależy od kąta rastrowania, natomiast na granicę plastyczności ma wpływ kierunek laminacji, co wpływa w istotny sposób na realizację modeli obiektów do badań dynamicznych.

EN

The aim of the work is to identify the possibilities and conditions for the use of models made in 3D printing technology for dynamic experiments. The methodology and results of tests determining the physical and mechanical parameters of the PLA-IMPACT polymer printed with different screening angles are presented. The research showed that the value of the polymer modulus of elasticity does not depend on the rastering angle, while the yield point depends on the direction of lamination, which is of key importance in the implementation of models of objects for dynamic tests.

16

Roztwory polimerowe do zabezpieczania otworów pali i wykopów szczelinowych

Kłosiński Bolesław, Rychlewski Piotr

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

|

nr 2

15--17

PL

Przedstawiono informacje o roztworach polimerowych do zabezpieczania otworów pali i szczelin, właściwości polimerów naturalnych i sztucznych, sposób ich działania, różnice w porównaniu z zawiesiną bentonitową. Opisano zasady stosowania roztworów polimerowych, sposób przygotowania, stężenie polimerów, sposoby kontroli roztworów, ich regeneracji i utylizacji oraz popełniane błędy. Zaletą stosowania polimerów jest łatwiejsze ich przygotowanie niż zawiesiny bentonitowej, mniejsze urządzenia, mniejsze zbiorniki, szybsza gotowość do użycia, a także czystość placu robót, łatwe oczyszczanie sekcji przed betonowaniem oraz łatwiejsza utylizacja zużytego roztworu. Konieczne jest jednak skontrolowanie całkowitego usunięcia osadu piasku i oczyszczenia dna otworu lub szczeliny przed zabetonowaniem. W artykule podano przykłady zastosowania polimerów w kraju.

EN

Information on polymer fluids for supporting pile boreholes and diaphragm excavations, properties of natural and artificial polymers, way of its performance, differences against bentonite slurries are presented. Rules of using of polymer fluids, their production, concentration of polymers, checking of their properties, regeneration, disposal and mistakes made sometimes are described. The advantages of the polymer fluids are easier production than of the bentonite slurry, smaller equipment and storage tanks, quicker making ready to use, and also clean working site, ease cleaning of a section before concreting and easier disposal of used up liquid. However, it is necessary to check a full removing of the sand sediment and cleaning up of the bottom of a borehole or excavation before concreting. Examples of polymer fluids application in Poland are given.

17

Technology for improving modern polymer composite materials

Yang Shilin, Bieliatynskyi Andrii, Trachevskyi Viacheslav, Shao Meiyu, Ta Mingyang

Materials Science Poland

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2022

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Vol. 40, No. 3

27--41

EN

The purpose of the work was to determine the properties of the developed material (bitumen). In this study, the technological process was improved by modifying low-molecular weight butadiene and chloroprene rubbers structured with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to obtain a material with the necessary set of desired properties. The article shows the possibility of modifying the bituminous binder of asphalt concrete with elastomeric rubbers structured with CNTs. The article also considers the use of promising polymer composite materials and the increase in their reliability and service life. Improvements in the properties of the composite and in the technology due to direct reinforcement with nanomaterials are described. The article defines the areas of application and recommended improvement of composite materials, as well as existing limitations.

18

Pojedynek poliner hydro glass vs poliner hydro felt : porównanie wykładzin szklanych i filcowych do sieci ciśnieniowych

Kubera-Morka Agnieszka, Goździor Tomasz Michał

Inżynieria Bezwykopowa

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2022

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nr 2

58--64

PL

Jazda offroadowa wymaga auta specjalnie zaprojektowanego do tego celu. Podobnie wygląda sytuacja z doborem odpowiedniego materiału do renowacji. Specjalnie skonstruowana wykładzina ma w najlepszy sposób dopasować się do istniejącego wodociągu. Każdy offroad jest inny, ale przy dobrym doborze auta, kierowcy i pilota jesteśmy w stanie pokonać niemal dowolną trasę. Tak też jest z wykładzinami.

19

Polylactide-based composite materials for 3D printing and medical applications - the effect of basalt and silicon dioxide addition

Pyza Maciej, Brzezińska Natalia, Kulińska Karolina, Gabor Jadwiga, Barylski Adrian, Aniołek Krzysztof, Garczyk-Mundała Żaneta, Adebesin Kayode, Swinarew Andrzej

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2022

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vol. 25, no. 166

29--39

EN

Polymers are compounds that play a key role in the development of many fields of science, including emergency medicine. Currently, there are increasing requirements for biomedical polymers in terms of producing lighter and more ecological equipment. To meet these requirements, a composite material was developed: polylactide (PLA) with the addition of modifiers - basalt and silicon dioxide (SiO2). PLA was chosen as a biodegradable polymer that naturally decomposes in the environment. This is very important, regarding a large number of single-use materials made of microplastics polluting the environment. The samples were made by additive 3D printing and then immersed in swimming pool water, chlorine solution, and distilled water. FTIR analysis showed the influence of the environment on the intensity and shift of PLA absorption bands. Microscopic analysis provided information on surface morphology, roughness, and potential defects. Tribological and micromechanical tests showed that the additions of basalt and silica to the PLA material influenced the morphological structure and the average area of the wear trace, volumetric wear, and average coefficient of friction. In the presence of chlorine solution, distilled water, and pool water under real conditions, the SiO2 addition made the PLA material more resistant to abrasion, as compared to the basalt addition. However, additives did not significantly affect the PLA material hardness, and the samples with basalt turned out to be more resistant to deformation.

20

Composites based on polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and curcumin for wound healing applications

Tahir Muhammad, Vicini Silvia, Sionkowska Alina

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2022

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vol. 25, no. 167

10--16

EN

Natural polymers, like chitosan, collagen, and alginate, offer promising solutions for wound healing. Derived from natural sources, they exhibit biocompatibility and bioactivity, promoting tissue regeneration. These polymers can form scaffolds or dressings that accelerate wound closure while reducing infection risks. Their inherent properties make them promising options in the quest for effective wound care materials. In this work, composites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chi), and curcumin (Cur) were prepared. PVA, a synthetic water-soluble polymer, finds extensive use in biomedical and wound-healing applications. It is approved by the U.S. FDA for cosmetic, medical, and wound healing products. Chi, a polysaccharide, is widely used in biomedicine and possesses antibacterial properties. Both PVA and chitosan are biocompatible and exhibit good filming characteristics. Curcumin (Cur) with antibacterial and antioxidant properties is being explored for regenerative medicine. PVA, chitosan, and curcumin were blended. The structure was studied by FTIR, microscopic observations were done with optical and scanning electron microscopes, and the mechanical properties were assessed. FTIR revealed component interactions, while microscopy showed a flat film surface. The polymeric blend (PVA/Chi/Cur) had a Young’s modulus of 1.49 GPa, tensile strength of 47.69 MPa, stress value of 8.39 N, and 35.34% elongation at break. These properties make the blend suitable for consideration in wound healing applications.