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1

Analysis of Plankton as Food for Lempuk Fish (Gobiopterus spp.) from Ranu Grati, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia, as Information for Domestication Efforts

Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto, Musa Muhammad, Farikhah, Putra Renanda B.D.S., Afendy Sigit, Khasanah Alfi, Fitrianesia Fika, Alfarisi Muhammad Asnin

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

190--202

EN

The Lempuk fish (Gobiopterus spp.) is a kind of fish that is exclusively found and inhabits the Ranu Grati area in Pasuruan Regency. The Lempuk fish is a prominent tourist attraction and is frequently targeted for fishing due to its significant economic significance. This leads to excessive exploitation, resulting in population decline and posing a threat to its sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the abundance and type of plankton, as well as its relationship with the study of stomach contents, to gather supporting data for future domestication efforts. The sampling was conducted three times, with a two-week gap, at five distinct sites. The research employed a quantitative-descriptive approach and the sampling a purposive sample technique. The research findings revealed the presence of four distinct classes with 20 different species in the phytoplankton community, as well as four distinct classes with 12 genera in the zooplankton community. The study of stomach conten this fish shows, primary diet of this fish, as shown by their propenderence index, consists of phytoplankton from the Asterionella species and zooplankton from the Daphnia genus.

2

Is there a significant long-term shift in phytoplankton in small pelagic fish diets along India's southwest coast?

Nair Preetha Gopalakrishnan, Joseph Shoji, Pillai Narayana, Abdulla Mohamed Hatha Ammanamveetil

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (2)

297--309

EN

The two main small pelagic fishes along the southwest coast of India in the eastern Arabian Sea, the Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) and the Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were studied to see if there was any notable long-term alteration in phytoplankton in their diets. The basic oceanographic features and the long-term sea surface warming in the study region are first examined using satellite data, which reveals clear seasonality in the wind, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and chlorophyll-a as well as long-term ocean surface warming. We then considered a recent gut content data set of Indian oil sardine and Indian mackerel from the 2010–2011 period from two landing places along India's southwest coast, which was compared with numerous historical data sets to find out if there was any long-term phytoplankton compositional change in the diet. The recent data revealed the same dominant phytoplankton as those collected decades ago, such as Coscinodiscus, Nitzschia, Pleurosigma, and Thalassiosira in sardines and Coscinodiscus, Thalassiosira, Ceratium, Dinophysis, Protoperidinium, and Pyrophacus in mackerel. This suggests the lack of any significant long-term qualitative shift of phytoplankton in the Indian oil sardine and Indian mackerel over the last several decades. However, several phytoplankton genera found present in the recent data were absent in the historical data, including 10 genera for mackerel and 17 for Indian oil sardine. These recent phytoplankton records are intriguing, and we feel they could be an early sign of long-term phytoplankton compositional or relative abundance shift, although additional research is needed to confirm this.

3

The Effect of Different Additions of Carbon Dioxide on Growth, Lipids, Carotenoids and Chlorophyll-a of Chaetoceros calcitrans

Amaliandini Esza Rezky, Nashrullah Syarif, Larasati Anastasya Dewi, Taufan Fajar, Sari Luthfiana Aprilianita, Dewi Nina Nurmalia, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Nadirah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

289--298

EN

Global warming gives phytoplankton a significant role in reducing carbon. C. calcitras is a phytoplankton which utilizes carbon dioxide for growth and the formation of secondary metabolites in order to survive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in duration on growth, lipid content, carotenoids and chlorophyll-a in C. calcitrans and to determine the optimal duration. An experimental method with statistical analysis using ANOVA was used in this study. The treatments implemented were the addition of carbon dioxide for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 minutes with a volume of carbon dioxide addition of 3 bps. The results showed that the addition of carbon dioxide had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the value of lipids, growth, carotenoids and chlorophyll-a. The highest density value was obtained in Treatment for 2 minutes to increase growth with the highest total value of 2,927,500 cells/ml. The best treatment to increase lipids was Treatment for 12 minutes with lipid content of 63.33% and lipid productivity of 1.82 mg/l/day. The best treatment to increase carotenoid content was Treatment for 4 minutes with carotenoid content of 2.20 g/mL and chlorophyll-a content of 1.4431 g/mL. Optimal treatment differences to obtain the highest value of each parameter differ from each other, depending on the synthesis and physiological processes of C. calcitrans.

4

Microplankton size structure induced by a warm-core eddy in the western Bay of Bengal : Role of Trichodesmium abundance

Chinnadurai Karnan, Retnamma Jyothibabu, Nagarathinam Arunpandi, Subramanian Pandiyarajan Rethinam, Singaram Parthasarathi, Shoba Santhikrishnan

Oceanologia

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2021

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No. 63 (3)

283--300

EN

Mesoscale warm-core eddies are common in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), and this study in the western BoB during Pre-Southwest Monsoon (April 2015) presents how a prolonged warm-core core eddy could modify the microplankton biomass and size structure. To investigate this, field sampling and laboratory analyses were augmented with satellite data sets of sea surface temperature (SST), winds, mean sea level anomaly (MSLA), geostrophic currents and chlorophyll-a. High SST with positive MSLA (≥ 20 cm) and a clockwise circulation, represented the occurrence of a large warm-core eddy in the western BoB. Time series data evidenced that it was originated in the mid of March and persistent there till early June, which in turn caused a decrease in the surface nutrients and chlorophyll-a. The abundance and biomass of microplankton were negligible in the warm-core eddy region. FlowCAM data showed a significant decrease in the autotrophic microplankton parameters in the warm-core eddy (av. 13 ± 9 ind. L−1 and 0.1 ± 0.04 µgC L−1, respectively) as compared to the surrounding locations (av. 227 ± 143 ind. L−1 and 0.8 ± 0.5 µgC L−1, respectively). Low nutrients level in the warm core eddy region favoured high abundance of needle-shaped phytoplankton cells dominated by Trichodesmium cells. As a result, the size of micro-autotrophs in the warm-core eddy was larger (av. 91,760 ± 12,902 µm3 ind.−1) than its outside (av. 50,115 ± 21,578 µm3 ind.−1). This is a deviation from our belief that the oligotrophy decreases the phytoplankton size. We showed here that the above understanding might not be infallible in warm-core eddies in the northern Indian Ocean due to its inducing effect on the Trichodesmium abundance.

5

Plankton wybranych oczek wodnych Puszczy Białowieskiej

Chomutowska H., Krzyściak-Kosińska R.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2015

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Nr 42

1--9

PL

Puszcza Białowieska stanowi miejsce bytowania wielu rzadkich gatunków roślin, zwierząt i grzybów. O jej unikalności świadczy zachowanie ciągłości procesów przyrodniczych na przestrzeni wieków. Urozmaiceniem krajobrazu Puszczy są oczka wodne, które wzbogacają bioróżnorodność terenów i są siedliskiem życia licznych organizmów, zależnych od środowiska wodnego. Bywają ostoją gatunków chronionych roślin i zwierząt. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu określenie składu gatunkowego i ilościowego organizmów planktonowych oczek wodnych zlokalizowanych w Puszczy. Zróżnicowanie gatunkowe planktonu dowiodło niewielkiego zanieczyszczenia substancjami organicznymi: dominacja producentów nad innymi organizmami, świadczy o wysokim stopniu zmineralizowania. Oczka wodne powinny podlegać stałemu monitoringowi; wzbogacają bioróżnorodność krajobrazu Puszczy Białowieskiej, są miejscem bytowania wielu gatunków organizmów charakterystycznych dla bagien i małych źródeł wody.

EN

Białowieza Forest is the natural habitat of many rare species of green plants, animals and fungi. For centuries, it has been a unique place for developing environmental processes. The water ponds are the wildlife habitat for many organisms, whose lives depend on aquatic environments. Protected species of green plants and animals also live in the water ponds. The aim of this research was to determine the species and quantity of plankton which are present in Białowieza Forest’s water ponds. The presence of different species of plankton proved the presence of minimal organic pollution. It was noticed that the primary producers dominated over the other organisms, which confirmed high mineralisation. The water ponds should continue to be monitored, as they are responsible for biodiversity within the Białowieza Forest area and they are the best place to settle for many species which are characteristic for swamps and small sources of water.

6

Obniżanie trofii wód w systemach kaskadowych, na przykładzie kaskady Soły (Południowa Polska)

Jachniak E, Jaguś A

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2013

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Nr 32

65--73

PL

W pracy podjęto temat samooczyszczania wód w kaskadach zbiorników wodnych. Przedstawiono wyniki badań hydrobiologicznych trzech zbiorników zaporowych (Tresna, Porąbka i Czaniec), tworzących kaskadę rzeki Soły. Określono status troficzny zbiorników na podstawie stężenia chlorofilu, wielkości biomasy fitoplanktonu i występowania wskaźnikowych gatunków glonów planktonowych. Wyniki badań wskazały na obniżanie trofii wód w układzie od najwyższego do najniższego zbiornika kaskady. Średnie stężenia chlorofilu wynosiły odpowiednio 19,99 μg∙dm-3, 8,74 μg∙dm-3 oraz 4,29 μg∙dm-3, natomiast średnia wielkość biomasy 4,1 mg∙dm-3, 3,4 mg∙dm-3 i 0,1 mg∙dm-3. Obserwowane gatunki glonów planktonowych potwierdziły istnienie różnic między zbiornikami. W Tresnej rozwijało się więcej gatunków wskazujących na eutrofię, zaś w Porąbce oraz Czańcu rozwijały się gatunki występujące w wodach oligomezotroficznych. Samooczyszczanie wód w kaskadzie Soły, wyrażone obniżaniem ich żyzności, jest ważne dla gospodarki wodnej regionu, gdyż zbiornik Czaniec pełni funkcję zbiornika wodociągowego.

EN

In this thesis the subject of water self-purification in cascade systems of water reservoirs was engaged. The results of hydrobiological research of three dam reservoirs (Tresna, Porąbka and Czaniec), creating the Soła river dam cascade were presented. The trophic status of these reservoirs was defined on the grounds of the concentration of chlorophyll a, biomass of phytoplankton and occurrence of indicating species of planktonic algae. The results of research indicated on decreasing of water trophy in the layout from the highest into the lowest reservoir of the cascade. The average concentrations of chlorophyll a amounted appropriately 19,99 μg∙dm-3, 8,74 μg∙dm -3 and 4,29 μg∙dm-3, instead the average biomass of phytoplankton amounted appropriately 4,1 mg∙dm-3, 3,4 mg∙dm-3 and 0,1 mg∙dm-3. The observed species of algae confirmed occurrence of differences between reservoirs. In Tresna reservoir more species of phytoplankton indicating for eutrophy were thrived, instead in Porąbka and Czaniec reservoirs the species occurring in oligomesotrophic water thrived. Water self-purification in the Soła river dam cascade expressed decreasing of their fertility is important for water management of the region, because the Czaniec reservoir fulfill a function of water-supply reservoir.

7

Late Maastrichtian foraminiferids and diatoms from the Polish Carpathians (Ropianka Formation, Skole Nappe): a case study from the Chmielnik-Grabówka composite section

Gasiński M. A., Olshtynska A., Uchman A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2013

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Vol. 63, no. 4

515--525

EN

Well-preserved foraminiferids have been found in the Chmielnik-Grabówka section (Skole Nappe, Polish Carpathians). The Abathomphalus mayaroensis (late Maastrichtian) and Racemiguembelina fructicosa (earlylate Maastrichtian) standard planktonic foraminiferal biozones have been recognized, based on the occurrence of their respective index species. Sediments of the R. fructicosa Zone contain diatoms, which are a rare component of Cretaceous flysch microfossil assemblages in the Carpathians. The diatom frustules and some foraminiferid tests are pyritized, probably after burial in the sediment, below the redox boundary or in the oxygen-deficient microenvironment inside the frustules or tests of microfossils; the presence of trace fossils and bioturbational structures in the same bed indicate an oxygenated sea floor.

8

Możliwość usuwania metali ciężkich z ekosystemu limnicznego poprzez usunięcie biomasy planktonu na przykładzie rybnickiego zbiornika zaporowego

Kostecki M., Nocoń W., Nocoń K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2011

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z. 58, nr 4

89-98

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad rolą biomasy planktonu jako biosorbentu w procesie transportu metali ciężkich, w skażonym termicznie, antropomiktycznym zbiorniku zaporowym Rybnik. W procesie koagulacji siarczanem żelaza (PIX), stosowanym w stacji uzdatniania wody, powstaje masa planktonowa zawierająca metale ciężkie. W 2008 roku koagulacji poddano 13 mln m3 wody, uzyskując 350 ton biomasy. W 2009 roku na SPW koagulacji poddano 9,2 mln m3 wody, z czego uzyskano 177,5 ton biomasy o średniej wilgotności 87%. Wraz z biomasą planktonu w 2009 r. usunięto następujące ilości metali ciężkich: Mn - 236 kg, Cu - 29 kg, Zn - 26 kg, Pb - 1,9 kg, Ni - 1,52 kg, Cr - 1,25 kg, Co - 0,71 kg, Cd - 0,15 kg. Stacja przygotowania wody wpływa korzystnie na poprawę stanu ekologicznego zbiornika - usuwając biomasę planktonu, poprawia bilans tlenowy, co znacznie zmniejsza ładunek substancji organicznej wymagającej utlenienia. Powoduje to, że ze zbiornika usuwane są ładunki azotu i fosforu oraz ładunki metali ciężkich. Stacja Przygotowania Wody wprowadza w zbiorniku zaporowym Rybnik nowy, stały mechanizm ochronny dla jakości wody.

EN

The role of plankton biomass as a sorbent and its role in the transport of heavy metals in the thermal contaminated Rybnik dam-reservoir limnic ecosystem were presented. During the coagulation by iron sulfate (PIX) in the Water Treatment Plant there is generated plankton biomass which contains heavy metals. In 2008 13 mln m3 of water was coagulated and it gave 350 tones of biomass. In 2009 it was about 9.5 mln m3 of water and 177.5 tones of biomass. The average humidity of biomass was 87%. Together with biomass in 2009 from the Rybnik dam-reservoir were removed 236 kg of Mn, 29 kg of Cu, 26 kg of Zn, 1.9 kg of Pb, 1.52 kg of Ni, 1.25 kg of Cr, 0.71 kg of Co and 0.15 kg of Cd. Results of research affects the positive influence of Water Treatment Plant on the ecological improvement of the Rybnik dam-reservoir because elimination of biomass improves oxygen balance by decreasing of organic matter which needs oxidation. Together with the phosphorus and the nitrogen from the dam-reservoir heavy metals are removed as well. Water Treatment Plant introduces in the Rybnik dam-reservoir constant water quality preservation.

9

Phyto- and zooplankton in fishponds contaminated with heavy metal runoff from a lead-zinc mine

Wilk-Woźniak E., Pociecha A., Ciszewski D., Aleksander-Kwaterczak U., Walusiak E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.4

77-85

EN

This investigation focused on plankton inhabiting fishponds, which previously received mine waters from the lead-zinc mine ‘Matylda’, located in southern Poland (Upper Silesia). The purpose of the investigation was to study the effects of chronic and persistent contamination of fishpond bottom sediments with heavy metals originated from the lead and zinc mine. The phytoand zooplankton in the four fishponds were dominated by diatoms, green algae and rotifers. Plankton composition of the reference non-contaminated pond was different, since Chrysophytes dominated, and Copepoda were the most numerous among zooplankton. In the contaminated fishponds, we observed teratological forms, both for phyto-and zooplankton species, but only as individuals. Our results showed that planktonic communities had adapted to chronic and persistent heavy metal contamination.

10

Plankton jako wskaźnik klasy czystości wody

Piontek M., Łuszczyńska K., Awińska-Więckowska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2010

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nr 140 (20)

50-73

PL

Na przełomie lipca, sierpnia i września obserwowano zróżnicowanie gatunkowe planktonu jeziora Droszków w województwie lubuskim, gminie Zabór. Ponadto wykonane zostały badania sanitarne wody jeziora przeprowadzone w Zakładzie Uzdatniania Wody (ZUW) w Zielonej Górze oraz badania fizykochemiczne przeprowadzone przez centralne laboratorium Instytutu Inżynierii Środowiska Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego. Celem prowadzonych obserwacji była ocena jakości wody jeziora Droszków i określenie metodą biologiczną jego klasy czystości. W drugiej połowie sierpnia zaobserwowano zakwit sinic. Gatunkiem dominującym były Mikrocystis flos-aque oraz Anabaena solitaria. Bardzo licznie występowały też złotowiciowce, a w szczególności Synura uvella i Dinobryon divergens. W prowadzonych badaniach skupiono się na określeniu stopnia klasy czystości wody jeziora poprzez obserwację mikroskopową planktonu. Dla porównania przydatności metody biologicznej wykonano badania fizykochemiczne i sanitarne. Wyniki przeanalizowano zgodnie z Rozporządzeniem Ministra Środowiska z dnia 11 lutego 2004 r. w sprawie klasyfikacji dla prezentowania stanu wód powierzchniowych i podziemnych, sposobu prowadzenia monitoringu oraz sposobu interpretacji wyników i prezentacji stanu tych wód (Dz. U. Nr 32, poz. 284).

EN

The purpose of the diploma paper was analyzing literature on the subject of trophy and eutrophication of water reservoirs, water quality in lubuskie province and review and description of water microorganisms and their place in a lake to perform biological analysis of water quality class based on the collected plankton samples. In July, August and September different species of plankton of the lake Droszków in Lubuskie province, commune Zabor were observed. Moreover sanitary tests of the lake were performed in Water Treatment Station (ZUW) in Zielona Góra and furthermore physicochemical tests were made by the central laboratory of the Institute of Environment Engineering of the University of Zielona Góra. The purpose of conducted observation was evaluation of the water quality of Droszków lake and specifying its quality class using biological method. In the second half of August cyanobacterial blooms was observed. The dominating species were Microcystis flos-aque and Anabaena solitaria. Numerous Chrysophyceae were also observed in particular Synura uvella and Dinobryon divergens. The conducted research focused on definition of the quality class of the lake water by microscopic observation of plankton. To compare the relevance of biological method also physicochemical and sanitary tests were made. The results were analyzed according to the Regulations of the Minister of Environment dated 11.02.2004 on classification the condition of surface and underground water, monitoring method and results interpretation and finally presentation of such water quality (J.o.L. No. 32, item 284).

11

Recent changes in large and shallow Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia) : causes and consequences

Haberman J., Haldna M., Laugaste R., Blank K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 4

645-662

EN

The large and shallow lowland lakes constitute a distinctive type of lake ecosystem, because of their polymixis, frequent resuspension of bottom sediments and internal nutrient loading, high turbidity and usually high productivity and eutrophication rate. Lake Peipsi is one of the largest lake in Europe, its area is 3555 km2 and mean depth is 7.1 m. The study results for the vegetation seasons (May-October) obtained for the decade 1997-2008 allow to evaluate the long-term changes in the functioning of its ecosystem in terms of dynamics of phyto- and zooplankton and nutrient content in a lake. Lake Peipsi consists of three different parts: the northern, the largest and deepest one is eutrophic L. Peipsi s.s. (sensu stricto), the southernmost part is hypertrophic L. Pihkva, connected with L. Peipsi s.s. by the river-like L. Lammijarv. The decrease in nutrient loading to L. Peipsi observed in the early 1990s was brought about by social changes (collapse of Soviet type agriculture) rather than by the purification of point-pollution sources. In the northern part, Lake Peipsi s.s., the content of both nitrogen and phosphorus was stabilized, while the increase in phosphorus in the water of L. Pihkva was evident. The resistance of the three lake parts to external nutrient loading is different. It seems that the ecosystem of the southern lake part (L. Pihkva) is losing its resilience. The disturbance of the ecosystem is most likely caused by the fact that the slight trend of re-oligotrophication beginning in the early 1990s was reversed in the mid-1990s due to increasing P loading. The share of cyanobacteria in phytoplankton biomass increased from 20% to 60% in L. Peipsi s.s., and from 30% to 90% in the southern parts of the lake in the summer months. The lake was characterized by massive cyanobacterial blooms. Potentially toxic genera (Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Gloeotrichia) dominated, and the quantity of microcystins in the lake was relatively large. The biomass of phytoplankton increased whereas that of all zooplankton groups - cladocerans, copepods and rotifers - decreased. The most essential decline affected rotifers: their abundance was about 60% lower in 2001-2008 than in the 1990s. The biomass of copepods decreased almost 50% and that of cladocerans 34%. In parallel with changes in plankton, the fish composition of L. Peipsi was characterized by sharp decline of planktivorous smelt (Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus m. spirinchus Pallas) and vendace (Coregonus albula (L). The most likely causes of the changes seem to be mainly the anthropogenic P input, decreasing N:P ratio, cyanobacterial toxins, and changes in ichthyocoenosis. Our data from last decade demonstrate a kind of disturbance in the ecosystem of the lake as compared to the second half of last century. The disturbance of the ecosystem is most likely caused by the fact that the slight trend of re-oligotrophication beginning in the early 1990s was reversed in the mid-199s due to increasing P loading from southern part of lake watershed.

12

The influence of emergent and submerged macrophyte beds on ciliate communities in a shallow lake

Mieczan T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.4

107-115

EN

Relationships between ciliates and the presence of emergent and submerged vegetation were studied in a shallow lake in eastern Poland. Samples were collected in zones of Phragmites, Typha, Batrachium, Elodea, Stratiotes and from the open water zone. The abundance and biomass of ciliates were significantly higher at sites with structurally most complex plants than in the open water or sparsely vegetated sites. The redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial abundance and total organic carbon were the most influential variables that determine the distribution of ciliates. However, chlorophyll a and Ptot have a lesser influence on the distribution of these microorganisms. Based on differences in macrophyte structure, two groups of habitats with similar patterns of size-related ciliate distribution were distinguished. The first group consisted of three vegetation zones of sparse stem structure and the open water zone, the second group comprised submerged macrophyte species, which were more complex.

13

Zagadka późnokredowego wymierania

Nowak B.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2008

|

Z. 2

167-179

PL

Artykuł skupia się na problemie jednego z największych kryzysów świata organicznego w dziejach Ziemi, mającego miejsce na granicy kredy i paleogenu, w wyniku którego wyginęło wiele grup zwierząt, m.in. znane wszystkim dinozaury. W artykule ukazano poglądy różnych badaczy, wyjaśniające późnokredowe wymieranie, skupiając się w znacznej mierze na dominującej obecnie teorii impaktowej, sprecyzowanej przez Waltera i Luisa Alvarezów. Artykuł ten jest pewnego rodzaju śledztwem, w którym podjęto próbę rekonstrukcji wydarzeń z końca kredy oraz wskazano ofiary, które nie przetrwały zmian środowiska, zachodzących pod koniec mezozoiku. Ponadto ukazano dowody geologiczne i paleontologiczne, potwierdzające teorię Alvarezów, nie omijając danych, które przemawiają za pozostałymi hipotezami.

EN

The article discusses one of the direst crises in the history of the organic life on Earth. The event that took place at the Cretaceous/Paleogene transition (65 MY ago) was the cause of mass extinction of many animal species including well known dinosaurs. The article reviews hypotheses of various scientists explaining late Cretaceous demise focusing on the prevailing impact theory by Luis and Walter Alvarez. This essay is sort of investigation where the author attempts to reconstruct the events of the Upper Cretaceous Period. It also presents the victims that were unable to adapt to environmental changes of the late Mesozoic Era. Moreover, the article presents geological and paleontological arguments for Alvarez' theory without omitting the evidence that supports alternative theories.

14

Decadal fluctuations in North Atlantic water inflow in the North Sea between 1958-2003: impacts on temperature and phytoplankton populations

Leterme S.C., Pingree R.D., Skogen M.D., Seuront L., Reid P.C., Attrill M.J.

Oceanologia

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2008

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No. 50 (1)

59-72

EN

The circulation of Atlantic water along the European continental slope, in particular the inflow into the North Sea, influences North Sea water characteristics with consequent changes in the environment affecting plankton community dynamics. The long-term effect of fluctuating oceanographic conditions on the North Sea pelagic ecosystem is assessed. It is shown that (i) there are similar regime shifts in the inflow through the northern North Sea and in Sea Surface Temperature, (ii) long-term phytoplankton trends are influenced by the inflow only in some North Sea regions, and (iii) the spatial variability in chemicophysical and biological parameters highlight the influence of smaller scale processes.

15

Persistent organic pollutants in plankton from the Gulf of Gdańsk

Pazdro K., Łotocka M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2006

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Tom 8

97-112

PL

Zanieczyszczenia antropogeniczne, w tym trwałe zanieczyszczenia organiczne (TZO) wnoszone są do środowiska morskiego z wodami rzek i ścieków oraz w wyniku procesów transportu atmosferycznego. W środowisku morskim podlegają procesom transportu i transformacji w biotopie i w biocenozie, zależnym od warunków panujących w danym ekosystemie oraz właściwości fizykochemicznych samych związków. Pomimo wielu badań, cykl biogeochemiczny związków z grupy TZO w strefach przybrzeżnych pozostaje rozpoznany w niewystarczającym stopniu. W szczególności określenie ekologicznych i ekotoksykologicznych zagrożeń, jakie niesie dla środowiska morskiego wprowadzanie doń hydrofobowych mikrozanieczyszczeń organicznych wymaga rekonstrukcji dróg ich migracji oraz rozpoznania zależności determinujących ich rozmieszczenie w środowisku. Jedną z właściwości związków pochodzenia antropogenicznego jest ich zdolność do kumulacji w tkankach organizmów żywych. Podstawowym zagadnieniem jest zatem określenie stopnia kumulacji badanych związków w poszczególnych ogniwach łańcucha troficznego, którego końcowymi elementami są ryby i człowiek. Organizmy planktonowe stanowią początkowe ogniwa łańcucha troficznego i odgrywają istotną rolę w przenoszeniu zanieczyszczeń pomiędzy składowymi abiotycznymi i biotycznymi ekosystemu. Celem prezentowanej pracy było określenie stężeń związków z grupy wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA), polichlorowanych bifenyli (PCB) oraz wybranych pestycydów chloroorganicznych (lindan, heksachlorobenzen - HCB) w naturalnych zespołach planktonowych ekosystemu Zatoki Gdańskiej. Próbki planktonu pobierano przy użyciu siatki planktonowej o średnicy oczek 60 m. W próbkach wykonano oznaczenia składu gatunkowego. Analizowane zanieczyszczenia izolowano z liofilizowanych próbek planktonu stosując ekstrakcję chlorkiem metylenu. Po zastosowaniu procedur oczyszczania ekstraktów, WWA oznaczano stosując kapilarną chromatografię gazową z detektorem płomieniowo-jonizacyjnym FID. Zanieczyszczenia chloroorganiczne oznaczano stosując detektor wychwytu elektronów ECD. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że organizmy planktonowe są najbardziej zanieczyszczone związkami z grupy wielopierścieniowych węglowodo-rów aromatycznych (WWA > PCB > HCB) . Najwyższe stężenia analizowanych związków obserwowano w materiale pobieranym na stacji zlokalizowanej w pobliżu Portu Wojennego w Gdyni i toru wodnego. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań nie stwierdzono istnienia korelacji pomiędzy zawartością trwałych zanieczyszczeń organicznych a zawartością lipidów w organizmach planktonowych. Analiza zbioru wyników nie wykazała zmienności międzygatunkowej i sezonowej. Stwierdzono natomiast istnienie statystycznie istotnej korelacji pomiędzy poziomem TZO w planktonie i TZO rozpuszczonych w wodzie w miejscu pobierania próbek. Wskazuje to na możliwość wykorzystania planktonu do monitorowania poziomu zanieczyszczeń organicznych w danym akwenie.

16

Adaptive changes in morphology of Daphnia filter appendages in response to food stress

Bednarska Anna

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

663-668

EN

Morphological adaptations of Daphnia filtration apparatus in response to unsuitable food conditions are examined and set against earlier published data. To maximize food gathering under limiting food conditions, Daphnia can respond morphologically by plastic changes in the size and structure of its filter apparatus. Under low food quantity and/or poor quality, the area of Daphnia filter screen increases and the mesh size decreases.

17

Zgrupowanie wrotków (Rotatoria) planktonowych w strefie litoralowej zbiornika Dziećkowice

Penczek K.

Problemy Ekologii

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2005

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R. 9, nr 1

28-36

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w strefie litoralowej zbiornika Dziećkowice. Celem pracy było: określenie składu gatunkowego Rotatoria badanego zbiornika, opisanie struktury dominacji, stałości oraz znaczenia ekologicznego wrotków występujących w zbiorniku Dziećkowice, prześledzenie zmian ilościowych Rotatoria, porównanie występujących zespołów na badanych stanowiskach, zbadanie wpływu czynników abiotycznych na występowanie i zagęszczenie wrotków, określenie sezonowych zmian występowania Rotatoria, określenie trofii i saprobowości zbiornika na podstawie zebranych zgrupowań.

EN

The article presents the results of a research carrier out in the littoral zone of the Dziećkowice reservoir. The study was aimed at determining the species composition of Rotatoria living in the Dziećkowice reservoir, describing their domination structure and ecological role alongside with investigating the quantitative changes of Rotatoria population, analyzing the impact of abiotic factors on the occurrence and condensation of rotifers, determining the seasonal variability of Rotatoria occurrence and the reservoir's trophy and saprophy based on the collected groupings.

18

Predictional model of biocenotic changes in offshore baltic plankton due to temperature increase

Pliński M., Żmijewska M. I., Sapota M., Witek B., Mudrak S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2003

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Vol. 32, No. 3

29-41

EN

Over the last 20 years, more and more reliable data concerning global climate change, mainly climate warming, have become available in the literature. Change such as this has also been documented in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Climate change has an influence on aquatic ecosystems and especially their biocoenoses, and plankton is one of its most sensitive ecological fractions. Positive and negative statistical correlation in the exclusive relationship between the quantity of plankton groups and water temperature has been observed. When time was applied as a factor, only the annual increments of the blue-green algae correlation were statistically significant, and the regression equation calculated in this paper was applied to predict a rise in the population number of this algae in response to increasing temperature. It was not possible to perform this calculation with the other plankton components.

19

Abundance and species composition of plankton in the Gulf of Gdansk near the planned underwater outfall of the Gdansk-Wschod (Gdansk-East) sewage treatment plant

Żmijewska M. I., Niemkiewicz E., Bielecka L.

Oceanologia

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2000

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No. 42 (3)

335-357

EN

The aim of this paper is to determine the current biological state of life in the pelagic zone of the Gulf of Gdansk in relation to the planned start-up of an underwater outfall which will discharge sewage from the Gdansk-Wschod (Gdansk-East) sewage treatment plant. The plankton material was collected during two research cruises in July and October 1998. The samples were taken at 15 stations in four profiles located near Wyspa Sobieszewska (Sobieszewo Island), perpendicular to the coastline. Both the taxonomic and numerical structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton were typical of the coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk. The species diversity depends on hydrological conditions, mainly input from the River Wisla (Vistula). The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in 1998 were several times lower than in 1994 and 1995 in the area off Gorki Wschodnie, the profile located closest to the planned construction site. This could have been caused by generally lower temperatures in 1998 in comparison to previous years. In the investigated area only traces of algal eutrophication indicator species were noted. However, potentially toxic species were confirmed and were most abundant near the Wisla mouth. The highest concentrations of pelagic fauna occur in the shallowest area closest to the shoreline. Long-term observations of the dynamics of the variations in abundance and species composition indicate the increasing significance of one particular species - Acartia bifilosa.

20

A new predatory cladoceran Cercopagis (Cercopagis) pengoi (Ostroumov 1891) in the Gulf of Gdańsk

Bielecka L., Żmijewska M. I., Szymborska A.

Oceanologia

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2000

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No. 42 (3)

371-374

EN

Cercopagis pengoi, a species native to the Ponto-Caspian area, was recorded for the first time in the Baltic Sea in the Gulf of Riga and in the open Gulf of Finland in 1992. Sampling in the shallow coastal area of the western part of the Gulf of Gdansk at weekly intervals between April 1999 and April 2000 revealed the presence of C. pengoi in the zooplankton community. The species was recorded twice, at densities of 1369 indiv. m-3 on 30 July 1999 and 421 indiv. m-3 on 5 August 1999, when the water temperature was at its maximum, in excess of 21.7C and 23.9C respectively. C. pengoi had never been recorded in the Gulf of Gdansk prior to 1999.