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1

FTIR fingerprint — testing a new representation of the binary fingerprint based on FTIR spectra in the prediction of physicochemical properties

Tomaszewski Kacper, Kurczab Rafał

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 1-2

9--29

EN

The paper deals with the development of a new method for the generation of binary fingerprints based on the Savitzky-Golay (SG) algorithm and first-order derivatives of FTIR spectra, which are then used to create prediction models for selected the physicochemical properties of chemical compounds. Models based on the FEDS (Functionally- Enhanced Derivative Spectroscopy) transformation and raw spectra were used as a reference to determine whether the use of the SG filter and first-order derivatives was worth to further develop. The FTIR spectra of 103 compounds with theoretically determined values of logP, logD and logS were studied. The Tanimoto coefficient and correlation coefficient were used to compare the fingerprints obtained, while the root mean square error (RMSE) was used to assess the quality of the prediction models. Based on the results, it was found that the use of the SG filter and derivatives had a positive effect on the quality of the prediction models for logP and logS, and a negative effect on the quality of the models for logD, compared to the models based on original spectra and FEDS transformation.

2

Wpływ rodzaju techniki obróbki kulinarnej na jakość filetów z karpia (Cyprinus carpio) pokrytych powłoką furcelleranowo-żelatynową

Modzelewska-Kapituła Monika, Tkacz Katarzyna, Mozolewski Wacław, Zduńczyk Weronika, Malczyk Ewa, Szulc Marta, Ziomek Agata

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2023

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T. 77, nr 4

30--34

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu rodzaju techniki obróbki cieplnej, kulinarnej na właściwości fizykochemiczne, odżywcze i sensoryczne filetów z karpia (Cyprinus carpio) pokrytych aktywną powłoką furcelleranowo-żelatynową z dodatkiem ekstraktu z rozmarynu. Filety karpia, po naniesieniu powłoki, poddano: (i) pieczeniu w piecu konwekcyjno-parowym w środowisku pary wodnej, (ii) obróbce sous vide, (iii) pieczeniu w piekarniku w papilotach z folii aluminiowej oraz (iv) smażeniu w oleju rzepakowym w panierze z mąki ryżowej. Dokonano pomiarów parametrów barwy, składu chemicznego (zawartości wody, białka, tłuszczu i popiołu), cech tekstury oraz przeprowadzono ocenę organoleptyczną. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie obróbki cieplnej zmodyfikowało barwę i skład chemiczny filetów w porownaniu do filetów surowych. Stwierdzono, że występują różnice we wpływie poszczególnych technik obróbki cieplnej na skład chemiczny, teksturę i barwę filetów. Obróbką kulinarną, pozwalającą na uzyskanie najbardziej pożądanych cech sensorycznych filetów karpia, było smażenie i może być ono rekomendowane jako metoda obróbki cieplnej filetów karpia pokrytych powłoką furcelleranżelatyna rybna z ekstraktem z rozmarynu.

EN

The study aimed to determine the effect of the type of culinary heat treatment technique on the physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of carp fillets (Cyprinus carpio) covered with an active furcellaran-gelatine coating with the addition of rosemary extract. After coating carp fillets, were subjected to: (i) heating in a convection-steam oven in a steam environment, (ii) sous vide processing, (iii) roasting in the oven in aluminium foil paper cases, and (iv) frying in rapeseed oil in batter from rice flour. Colour parameters, chemical composition (content of water, protein, fat and ash), texture characteristics were measured and organoleptic evaluation was carried out. It was found that the use of heat treatment modified the colour and chemical composition of fillets compared to raw fillets. It was found that there were differences in the effect of individual heat treatment techniques on the chemical composition, texture and colour of the fillets. The culinary treatment that allowed to obtain the most desirable sensory characteristics of carp fillets was frying and it can be recommended as a method of thermal treatment of carp fillets coated with furcelleran-fish gelatine with rosemary extract.

3

Wpływ stosunku substratów na właściwości palne i fizykochemiczne pianek poliizocjanurowych

Mizera Kamila, Celiński Maciej, Sałasińska Kamila, Kurańska Maria, Michałowski Sławomir, Kozikowski Paweł, Borucka Monika, Przybysz Jan, Gajek Agnieszka

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 9

940--946

PL

Przedstawiono wpływ zastosowanych polioli na właściwości pianki poliizocyjanurowej (PIR), takie jak palność, ilość powstającego dymu oraz właściwości izolacyjne. Przygotowano 3 układy spieniające o różnym stosunku trzech głównych składników: poliolu polieterowego, poliolu poliestrowego i izocyjanianu. Określono parametry palności w kalorymetrze stożkowym i indeks tlenowy, a także przewodność cieplną i wytrzymałość na ściskanie. Zastosowany polieter jako poliol odzwierciedlał najwyższe wartości kalorymetryczne i wytwarzanie dymu. Jednak ten rodzaj poliolu zapewniał prawie o 30% wyższą wartość wytrzymałości na ściskanie mierzoną w kierunku równoległym badanej pianki. Optymalne wartości uzyskano dla pianki, która składała się z mieszaniny poliol polieter/poliester w stosunku masowym 50:50.

EN

A polyether polyol based on sorbitol and an arom. polyester polyol based on diethyl glycol and phthalic anhydride in mass ratios of 0, 50 and 100% were reacted with polymeric methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) in the presence of a catalyst and foamed. The properties of polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam, such as flammability and oxygen index, as well as thermal cond. and compressive strength, were detd. The polyether polyol used showed the highest calorimetric values and smoke generation but almost 30% higher value of compressive strength measured in the parallel direction of the tested foam. The most optimal values were obtained for a foam that consists of a polyether/polyester polyol blend in a 50:50 mass ratio.

4

Technologia wytwarzania wysokogatunkowego papieru o wzmocnionych właściwościach fizykochemicznych

Mijowska Ewa, Wenelska Karolina

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2023

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R. 79, nr 5

236--237

PL

Wypełniacze mineralne są używane głównie do produkcji papierów drukowych i do pisania oraz niektórych rodzajów papieru gazetowego. Ich celem jest poprawa właściwości optycznych papieru i jego zdolności do drukowania, zwłaszcza w przypadku druku wielobarwnego. Wypełniacze nadają również nieprzezroczystość i zastępują droższą masę celulozową bielonymi tańszymi substytutami. Związki wapnia i kaolin są najczęściej stosowanymi wypełniaczami, a ich wykorzystanie wynika z potrzeby obniżenia kosztów produkcji. Jednakże, każdy dodatek wypełniacza obniża wytrzymałość wyrobów papierniczych, dlatego zastosowanie wypełniaczy zależy od wymagań jakościowych końcowego produktu. Wypełniacze są dodatkami stosowanymi w produkcji papieru, które wypełniają przestrzenie między włóknami i poprawiają jego właściwości, takie jak białość, nieprzezroczystość, miękkość, podatność na satynowanie i chłonność farby drukarskiej, a także stabilność wymiarową przy zmianach wilgotności powietrza.

EN

Mineral fillers are mainly used in the production of printing and writing papers and some newsprint grades. Their purpose is to improve the optical properties of the paper and its printability, especially for multi-colour printing. Fillers also impart opacity and replace more expensive pulp with bleached substitutes. Calcium compounds and kaolin are the most commonly used fillers and their use is driven by the need to reduce production costs. However, any filler addition reduces the strength of paper products, so the use of fillers depends on the quality requirements of the final product. Fillers are additives used in paper production that fill the spaces between the fibres and improve paper properties such as whiteness, opacity, softness, satinating ability and ink absorption, as well as dimensional stability under changes in air humidity.

5

Activated biocarbons obtained from lignocellulosic precursors as potential adsorbents of ammonia

Jedynak Katarzyna, Charmas Barbara

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 4

art. no. 169835

EN

The investigated materials were new biocarbons: FC (Fir Cone), FS (Fir Sawdust), FB (Fir Bark), BS (Birch Sawdust), BB (Birch Bark), AS (Acacia Sawdust), AB (Acacia Bark), OS (Oak Sawdust), OB (Oak Bark), HS (Hornbeam Sawdust)) obtained via pyrolysis and CO2 activation of wood waste (lignocellulosic biomass). In order to study the influence of the carbon precursor on the physicochemical properties of biocarbons there were used the precursors: cones, sawdust, and bark of various tree species. The obtained adsorbents were characterized based on the results, of the N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis (CHNS), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FT-IR (ATR) and the Boehm’s titration method as well as pHpzc (the point of zero charge). The adsorption capacity and the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia were also studied. The obtained activated biocarbons were characterized by the large specific surface area (515 to 1286 m2/g) and the total pore volume (0.27 to 0.46 cm3/g) as well as the well-developed microporous structure (76 - 90%). The maximum NH3 adsorption capacity of the activated biocarbon was determined to be 2.93 mmol/g (FC (Fir Cone)). These results prove that the lignocellulosic precursors are appropriate for preparation of environmentally friendly and cost-effective biocarbons.

6

The experimental study of the effect of magnetically sensitive elastomers on oil recovery of reservoirs containing high-viscosity oils

Mustafayeva Rena E.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 2

110--113

EN

In world practice, low-viscosity oil accounts for the main share of production. As the development progresses, the share of high-viscosity oil in the total balance increases year on year. The growing unused reserves of high-viscosity oil oblige researchers to solve the issue of developing these reserves, which is an important task for the oil industry. Studies have been carried out to increase oil recovery during the development of oil reservoirs containing high-viscosity oil by pumping a solution of magnetically active polymer, namely silicone oligomer, the matrix of which contains 5–25% Fe+3 ions, treated with a constant transverse magnetic field with a strength of H = 51740 A/m. A mixture of 90% by weight of quartz sand and 10% by weight of bentonite clay, with a permeability of k = 1.4 D, was used as a reservoir model. The high-viscosity oil model consisted of St-45 aviation oil. A silicone oligomer of 159–360 brand was used as a matrix with an operating temperature range of 60°C to +300°C, into which particles of gamma-Fe2O3 Nano powder with a size of 0.5 nm are introduced, with a degree of filling of the matrix of 5–25% by volume of Fe. Magnetization saturation is 80 emu/g, residual magnetization is 460 emu/g, and coercive force is 670 Oh. Validation of the proposed method was carried out by physical modeling of the process of displacement of high-viscosity oil with a magnetic elastomer on a laboratory installation. The oil recovery coefficient was calculated according to a wellknown method. The use of magnetically sensitive polymer can be an effective method of developing heavy oil fields. For each heavy oil field, taking into account its specifics (reservoir properties of the rock, physicochemical properties of oil, etc.), an appropriate magnet active polymer is selected. As the experimental results show, the best indicator of the oil recovery coefficient is achieved at 65%, compared with 48% of recovery in the absence of magnetic field exposure.

PL

W praktyce światowej główną część produkcji stanowią ropy o niskiej lepkości. W miarę postępu rozwoju udział rop o dużej lepkości w ogólnym bilansie rośnie z roku na rok. Rosnące niewykorzystane zasoby ropy naftowej o wysokiej lepkości obligują badaczy do rozwiązania kwestii zagospodarowania tych zasobów, co jest ważnym zadaniem dla przemysłu naftowego. W czasie zagospodarowania złóż ropy naftowej o dużej lepkości prowadzone były badania nad zwiększeniem wydobycia ropy poprzez tłoczenie roztworu magnetycznie aktywnego polimeru, jakim jest oligomer silikonowy, którego matryca zawiera 5–25% jonów Fe+3, poddanego działaniu stałego poprzecznego pola magnetycznego o natężeniu H = 51740 A/m. Jako model złoża zastosowano mieszaninę: 90% mas. piasku kwarcowego i 10% mas. glinki bentonitowej, o przepuszczalności k = 1,4 D. Modelem ropy o dużej lepkości był olej lotniczy St-45. Jako matrycę o zakresie temperatur pracy od 60°C do +300°C zastosowano oligomer silikonowy marki 159–360, do którego wprowadzone zostały cząsteczki nanoproszku gamma-Fe2O3 o rozmiarach 0,5 nm, a stopień wypełnienia matrycy jest w zakresie 5–25% obj. Fe. Nasycenie magnetyczne wynosi 80 emu/g, namagnesowanie szczątkowe wynosi 460 emu/g, a siła koercji wynosi 670 Oh. Walidację proponowanej metody przeprowadzono poprzez fizyczne modelowanie procesu wypierania oleju o dużej lepkości elastomerem magnetycznym w instalacji laboratoryjnej. Współczynnik odzysku oleju obliczono według znanej metody. Zastosowanie magnetycznie czułego polimeru może być skuteczną metodą zagospodarowania złóż ciężkich rop. Dla każdego złoża ciężkiej ropy naftowej, biorąc pod uwagę jego specyfikę (właściwości skały zbiornikowej, właściwości fizykochemiczne ropy itp.), dobierany jest odpowiedni polimer magnetycznie aktywny. Z eksperymentu wynika, że najlepszy współczynnik odzysku oleju osiągnięto na poziomie 65%, w porównaniu z 48% odzysku przy braku ekspozycji na pole magnetyczne.

7

Waste-to-energy technologies as the future of internal combustion engines

Hamid Mohamad, Wesołowski Mateusz

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 2

52--63

EN

Syngas has a promising future as alternative to petroleum products and as a fuel for combustion engines. This study provides an overview on the feasibility of using syngas to power internal combustion engines. It presents technological process solutions for producing syngas toward minimizing the formation of tars as the most undesirable component for engine applications.. The combustion process characteristic of syngas composition has been tackled including critical criteria such as the flammability limit, ignition delay, laminar velocity, turbulent velocity, and the subsequent challenges in determining a numerical methods that best matches the experimental datas. The syngas usage as alternative resource, while tackling the uncertainty issue of its composition, for Compression Ignition (CI) and Spark Ignition (SI) with the emission and performance effectiveness has been studied as well. The results of the review showed that syngas can be a viable alternative for some stationary applications, such as advanced integrated systems (ICCG), but its application is, however, relatively limited, for example as a secondary fuel in engines (CI) for automotive applications. However, significant discrepancies between numerical (simulation) and experimental results have been noted. This suggests that there are many scientific and experimental challenges in the area of syngas combustion processes in internal combustion engines. However, given the potential of this group of fuels, especially in the face of the energy crisis, this research is highly desirable and has a significant application perspective.

8

Innovative Technologies for the Use of Drilling Waste in Reclamation and Shaping the Physicochemical Properties of Degraded Soils

Bik-Małodzńska Marta, Żukowska Grażyna, Paśmionka Iwona

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 3

294--301

EN

This paper presents an evaluation of the use of drilling tailings in reclamation and development of physical and chemical properties of degraded soils. Composites with drilling wastes and other wastes, useful for the reclamation of degraded soils and their reconstruction in devastated areas, were used in the tests. Comparative objects were anthropogenic soil fertilized with NPK and manure at a dose of 30 Mg/ha + NPK. The research shows that the tested anthropogenic soil was characterized by very poor sorption properties, and especially the composites with the participation of the tested waste improved the described properties. The composite with sewage sludge from ZA Puławy had a more favorable (by approx. 20%) effect on the sorption capacity of the reclaimed anthropogenic soil than the composite with municipal sewage sludge from Lublin. The effect of the tested composites on reducing the hydrolytic acidity of the reclaimed soil was similar, but much more favorable than that of manure. The results of the conducted research confirmed that drilling wastes have environmentally valuable properties, but due to their unbalance, they should not be used alone, but in composites with properly selected other wastes, such as manure or sewage sludge.

9

Grzyby i odpady grzybowe jako nowe prekursory do otrzymywania adsorbentów węglowych

Koźlarek Natalia, Bazan-Woźniak Aleksandra, Pietrzak Robert

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 3-4

221--236

EN

Undesirable changes in the bacteriological, physical and chemical properties of water are a consequence of introduction of excessive amounts of inorganic and organic materials to it. These pollutants limit or prevent the use of water for drinking, food production and household purposes. The greatest amounts of pollutants enter the watersystem with sewage. Also the pesticides,surfactants, organic dyes, artificial fertilizers along with municipal and industrial waste can easily enter water system and threaten the organisms living there. Another, equally important problem is the pollution of atmospheric air. Emission of solid liquid or gas pollutants to the atmosphere has been proved to have significant impact on human health, climate and nature. That is why the search for new and more effective technologies for the environment purification is a continuous challenge. Recently, increasingly often carbon materials are used as effective adsorbents of pollutants from liquid and gas phases.

10

Physicochemical and Tribological Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Hydrolysate and Hydrolysate with Surfactants as Potential Lubricant Bases

Sułek Marian W., Szczerek Marian, Przepiórka Marian

Tribologia

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2022

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nr 2

67--78

EN

The study aimed to confirm the hypothesis that aqueous solutions of polymers with surfactants meet the criteria of ecological lubricant bases. An oat hydrolysate was used as the macromolecular substance, and the surfactants were successively: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES), Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (SLS). The research was carried out for two-component solutions (water, hydrolysate) and three-component solutions (water, hydrolysate, surfactant). In order to document this thesis, tribological tests were performed with a constant and increasing load as a function of time. Stationary tests with loads of 2, 3, and 4 kN confirmed the predictions that active substances in two- and three-component solutions create a lubricating film that transfers high loads with relatively low motion and wear resistance. The stability and durability of the lubricating film were confirmed under the conditions of increasing load at a speed of 409 N/s. An approximately 12-fold increase in the seizing load for the hydrolysate solutions in relation to water was found, and the maximum load value for the T02 tester (7200 N) was achieved. The durability of the lubricating film was mainly determined by the adsorption of the hydrolysate, which was confirmed by physicochemical tests.

PL

Celem pracy było potwierdzenie hipotezy, że wodne roztwory polimerów z surfaktantami spełniają kryteria ekologicznych baz substancji smarowych. Jako substancję wielkocząsteczkową zastosowano hydrolizat owsa, a surfaktantami były kolejno: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES), Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (SLS). Badania przeprowadzono dla roztworów dwuskładnikowych (woda, hydrolizat) oraz trójskładnikowych (woda, hydrolizat, surfaktant). Aby udokumentować tę tezę wykonano badania tribologiczne przy stałym i wzrastającym w funkcji czasu obciążeniu. Testy stacjonarne przy obciążeniach 2, 3, 4 kN potwierdziły przewidywania, że substancje ak tywne w roztworach dwu- i trójskładnikowych tworzą film smarowy, który przenosi wysokie obciążenia przy relatywnie niskich oporach ruchu i zużycia. Stabilność i trwałość filmu smarowego została potwierdzona w warunkach wzrostu obciążenia z szybkością 409 N/s. Stwierdzono około 12-krotny wzrost obciążenia zacierającego dla roztworów hydrolizatu względem wody oraz osiągniętą maksymalną dla testera T02 wartości obciążenia (7200 N). O trwałości filmu smarowego zdecydowała głównie adsorpcja hydrolizatu, co zostało potwierdzone badaniami fizykochemicznymi.

11

Ocena fizykochemicznych właściwości surowców roślinnych w formie proszku i otrzymanych z ich udziałem suchych szamponów do włosów

Zięba Małgorzata, Klimaszewska Emilia, Ruszkowska Millena

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 8

568--575

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości fizykochemicznych proszkowych surowców roślinnych otrzymanych innowacyjną metodą suszenia w niskich temperaturach z jednoczesną mikronizacją. Opracowano 3 receptury i wykonano prototypy suchych szamponów do włosów różniące się zastosowanym surowcem roślinnym w formie proszku (ostropest, młody jęczmień, nać selera). Stwierdzono, że właściwości fizykochemiczne, takie jak zawartość i aktywność wody, gęstość luźna i utrzęsiona, kąt zsypu i nasypu, współczynnik Hausnera i indeks Carra, wartości współczynnika korelacji prostoliniowej r Pearsona mogą stanowić bardzo ważne wyróżniki jakości tego typu produktów. Na podstawie wyników badania aktywności wody stwierdzono, że wytworzone szampony suche, podobnie jak surowce roślinne w formie proszku, charakteryzowały się odpowiednio dużą stabilnością mikrobiologiczną. Odnotowano wpływ zastosowanego surowca roślinnego na parametry fizykochemiczne suchych szamponów otrzymanych z ich udziałem. Na podstawie otrzymanych wartości współczynnika Hausnera dla surowców naturalnych w proszku oraz szamponu w proszku zawierającego nać selera zaobserwowano cechy spójnego proszku (dużą kohezyjność). Stwierdzono, że szampony suche z udziałem naci selera charakteryzowały się dużą kohezyjnością. Wszystkie oceniane produkty charakteryzowały się słabą sypkością.

EN

Powdered plant materials (thistle, young barley or celery root) were obtained by the drying at low temp. with simultaneous micronisation and then mech. mixed with microcrystalline cellulose, sarcosyl, Na Me cocoyl taurate, white clay, Mg stearate and potato starch. The obtained prototypes of dry shampoos differed only in the type of plant material. The water content and activity, loose and shaken d., chute and bulk angle, Hausner’s coeff. and Carr’s index, values of Pearson’s rectilinear correlation coeff. ‘r’, both for powdered plant materials and for dry shampoos contg. them, were detd. Plant raw materials in the form of powders and dry shampoos obtained with their addn. showed appropriately high microbiolog. stability. The type of plant raw material used had an impact on the loose and thickened d. of the prepared shampoos. The celery root shampoo was highly cohesive. All the assessed products showed the poor flowability.

12

Effects of plastic film mulching on soil nematodes and soil quality at different growth stages of maize planted in semiarid areas of China

Li Bing, Wang Yongcui, Li Xiaolan, Liu Bing

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 2-3

103--116

EN

Plastic mulching is considered as a simple, yet effective land management measure to modify microclimate in semi-arid areas. However, the influence of plastic mulching on local soil nematodes and soil quality needs to be investigated more deeply. To fill the knowledge gap, we compared the characteristics of soil nematode communities (density, trophic structure), soil enzyme activities, soil physicochemical properties, and their relationships between maize fields cultivated with use of plastic film mulching and no film mulching, under the same land conditions in Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the total number of nematodes in most of the film mulched (FM) fields was lower than in no film mulched (nFM) fields. Most of soil chemical properties showed no significant difference between nFM samples and FM samples. Only 0–10 cm soil layer in nFM samples had significantly higher urease activity than in FM samples in June. Plastic film mulching may have an adverse effect on soil quality. Thus, the correct and effective use of plastic film mulch is one of the important measures for future agricultural development in semiarid areas.

13

Some applications of barium titanate prepared by different methods

Sydorchuk Volodymyr, Khalameida Svitlana, Skwarek Ewa, Biedrzycka Adrianna

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 2

art. no. 147192

EN

The paper presents some application of barium titanate synthesized by different methods. Barium titanate samples were prepared by four procedures: solid state, mechanochemical as direct synthesis and modification as well as hydrothermal and microwave. The obtained samples were systematically studied using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), potentiometric titration, and quasi-elastic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. The values of pHpzc (point of zero charge) and pHIEP (isoelectric point) characteristic of the electrical double layer were determined. The prepared samples were tested as photocatalysts under visible light. As a result, relationship between the conditions of barium titanate synthesis, its physicochemical and electrokinetic parameters, as well as photocatalytic activity under visible light was first established.

14

Bezpieczeństwo pożarowe budynków w aspekcie zagrożeń spowodowanych wybranymi pyłami spożywczymi

Półka Marzena

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 8

57--60

PL

Celem artykułu była analiza porównawcza parametrów zapalności i palności wybranych rodzajów pyłów herbat pobranych z obiektu przemysłowo-magazynowego. Stwierdzono, że pył z herbaty zielonej aromatyzowanej spośród przebadanych pyłów stanowi największe zagrożenie pożarowe. Ma najniższą temperaturę zapłonu i największą wartość ciepła spalania, a dopuszczalna temperatura powierzchni urządzeń pracujących w obecności warstwy tego pyłu o grubości 5 mm nie może przekroczyć 215°C.

EN

The aim of the article was a comparative analysis of the ignitability and flammability parameters of selected types of tea dusts collected from an industrial and warehouse facility. It was found that among the tested dusts, the dust of flavored green tea is the greatest fire hazard. It has the lowest ignition temperature and the highest combustion heat values, and the permissible surface temperature of devices operating in the presence of this dust for a layer with a thickness of 5 mm, cannot exceed 215°C.

15

Chemical stability assessment of soft magnetic composites for biomedical applications

Powojska Anna, Niewęgłowska Joanna, Suska Sylwia, Cavadas Adelio, Mystkowska Joanna

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2022

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vol. 25, no. 164

2--8

EN

Silicone-based elastic composites with a metallic filler have been strongly developed in recent years. These materials are considered applicable in many fields of science, including medicine. The advantageous mechanical parameters provided by the NdFeB micropowder reinforcement are balanced by the elasticity and biocompatibility guaranteed by the silicone matrix. So far, there have been several reports regarding such composites’ properties important from the biomedical point of view. The article deals with the physicochemical parameters of the new material for medical applications as well as the properties of the incubation liquid. The aim of the work was to determine effects of both the magnetic particles content (0, 30, 50, 70 wt%) and the incubation process under physiological conditions on the physicochemical properties of the material and the solution after incubation. The samples were incubated for various periods of time (8, 16 and 24 weeks) at the temperature of 37°C in a 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. The density, water contact angle, and water absorption of the materials were measured. The electrolytic conductivity, pH value, redox potential, surface tension, and kinematic viscosity were determined for the liquids after the materials incubation. The results obtained for pure silicone and the silicone-based composite reinforced with NdFeB microparticles were compared. The results indicate that incubation affects the samples and liquids, changing their physiochemical properties. For composites, the density decreased, which results in a noticeable concentration of the examined elements in the solutions.

16

Effect of oggtt on physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and volatile compounds of noodles

Bahgaat Wafaa K., Ibrahim Gamil E., Hussein Ahmed M. S.

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2022

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Vol. 84, nr 1

3--18

EN

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of noodles supplementation with oggtt at (5,10,15 and 20%) on physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity as well as volatile compounds. The cooked noodles evaluation based on cooking quality like volume and cooking loss as well as colour changes. An increase in protein, fat and ash was observed with the increase of oggtt supplementation level in noodles. The whole wheat flour had the highest value of total phenolic (462.3 μg GAE g−1) compared to oggtt and all fortified noodles without cooking and after cooking. The fortification levels of 5 and 10% did not affect significantly on colour and overall acceptability of noodles. The panelists scores recommended the usage levels of 5 and 10% of oggtt noodles which did not changed significantly in comparison with control sample. The evaluation of oggtt incorporation in noodles volatile compounds performer using HS-GC/MS analysis. Thirty volatile compounds in cooked noodles after fortification with oggtt had identified. The main volatile compound herein was 2-pentyl furan, which represent 44.12, 20.14 and 18.75% in cooked control and fortified noodles with oggtt at 5 and 10% respectively.

17

LNG skroplony gaz ziemny. Praktyczne perspektywy wykorzystania

Tałach Zbigniew A.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2021

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Nr 4

2--6

PL

W Polsce po wybudowaniu gazoportu jako magazynu LNG w Świnoujściu powstała możliwość wykorzystywania skroplonego gazu ziemnego, zarówno w fazie ciekłej jak i gazowej. LNG może być szeroko wykorzystywany do zasilania krajowej sieci gazowniczej, jak również poprzez zastosowanie lokalnych stacji regazyfikacji, co umożliwiłoby szybszy rozwój gazu ziemnego w naszym kraju jako ekologicznego nośnika energii.

EN

In Poland, after the construction of the gas terminal as an LNG storage facility in Świnoujście, it was possible to use liquefied natural gas, both in the liquid and gas phase. LNG can be widely used to supply the national gas network, as well as through the use of local regasification stations, which would enable faster development of natural gas in our country as an ecological energy carrier.

18

Physicochemical properties of the surface of light-cured dental composites after their modification with liquid rubber

Pałka Krzysztof

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

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Vol. 24, no. 163

54

19

Atomic layer deposited ZnO films on stainless steel for biomedical applications

Basiaga Marcin, Walke Witold, Kajzer Wojciech, Sambok-Kiełbowicz Agata, Szewczenko Janusz, Simka Wojciech, Szindler Marek, Ziębowicz Bogusław, Lubenets Vira

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 1

1--15

EN

The main goal of carried out tests were the impact of physicochemical properties of surface layers on the course of processes taking place on the surface of implants made of metallic biomaterials used in the bone system. As a precursor of ZnO, diethylzinc (DEZ) has been used, which reacted with water enabling the deposition of thin films. The chamber temperature was as follows—T = 200°–300 °C. The number of cycles was 500, 1000, and 1500. In the first stage, pitting corrosion test was carried out. Corrosion resistance has been tested under conditions simulating tissue environment. Moreover, the created layers were tested using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The conducted electrochemical tests showed the beneficial effect of the ZnO layer on the substrate made of 316 LVM steel, as evidenced by the obtained parameters describing the corrosion resistance. Furthermore, tests were performed on mechanical properties (scratch test), surface morphology (SEM and AFM method), and physical properties (wettability and thickness layers) for samples with different surface treatments. The investigations of the surface morphology of the applied ZnO layer using the ALD method showed a tendency to inherit the substrate independently of the used application parameters. On the other hand, the tests of adhesion to the substrate showed that the number of cycles of the application process has a fundamental impact on the adhesion of the applied layer to the substrate. Summarizing tests have clearly shown that the number of cycles and temperature in the case of the ZnO coating is significant and positively influences the increase of electrochemical, mechanical, and physical properties of layers.

20

Brewing on an industrial and a craft scale – impact on the physicochemical properties and volatile compounds profile of the pale pilsener-style lager beer analyzed with HS/GC-MS

Królak Kamil, Buła Maria

Acta Innovations

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2021

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no. 41

65--80

EN

The pale Pilsener-style lager beers produced on a massive and craft scale were taken to analyse their basic physicochemical properties (alcohol content, pH, haze, real degree of fermentation) and volatile compounds profiles. The research was carried out using a beer analyser equipment and a headspace gas chromatographymass spectrometry method (HS/GC-MS). The findings showed that in terms of physicochemical and flavour attributes, the quality of craft beers differed to a higher degree from the standard Pilsener beer quality than in the case of industrial beers.