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1

Synthesis and characterization of ammonium polymer for anion removal in aqueous solutions

Rahayu Aster, Hakika Dhias Cahya, Amrillah Nafira Alfi Zaini, Veranica Veranica

Polimery

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2023

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Vol. 68, nr 10

537--543

EN

In a one-step thermal process using 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (META), an ammonium polymer was successfully obtained for the removal of anions (nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates) from aqueous solutions. Ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as a cross-linking agent. The effect of cross-linking agent, porogen, and polymerization time on the structure and physical properties of the obtained polymer was examined (FTIR, SEM, BET, elemental analysis). The optimal conditions for META synthesis were a monomer to porogen ratio of 20:80, 75% functional monomer content and a 12-hour polymerization time.

PL

W jednoetapowym procesie termicznym przy użyciu chlorku 2-[(metakryloiloksy)etylo] trimetyloamoniowego (META) otrzymano polimer amoniowy do usuwania anionów (azotanów, azotynów i fosforanów) z roztworów wodnych. Jako środek sieciujący zastosowano dimetakrylan etylenu (EDMA). Zbadano wpływ środka sieciującego, porogenu i czasu polimeryzacji na strukturę i właściwości fizyczne otrzymanego polimeru (FTIR, SEM, BET, analiza elementarna). Jako optymalne warunki syntezy META przyjęto stosunek monomeru do porogenu 20:80, 75% procentową zawartość monomeru funkcyjnego i 12-godzinny czas polimeryzacji.

2

The Chlorophyll-a Response of Phytoplankton to Ratio N/P in Different Coastal Waters

Maslukah Lilik, Handoyo Gentur, Wulandari Sri Yulina, Sihite Catherine Berliana, Sarjito

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

121--129

EN

Phytoplankton growth is influenced by the presence of nutrients N (nitrogen) and P (phosphor). Each region has a specific N/P ratio, due to the influence of anthropogenic inputs. This study aimed to assess the response of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) biomass due to differences in N/P ratio by the influence of river flow in the north coast of Java; Jobokuto Bay (Jepara), the coastal waters of Semarang and the front of the Cisadane river. N-nutrients were analyzed in the form of N-NO3 (nitrate), and N-NH4+ (ammonium ions), and orthophosphate ions (P-PO42-). Nutrient analysis was spectrometric, using the reduction methods (nitrate), ammonium (indophenolblue), and phosphate (molybdenum-blue). Test for site differences using Kruskall-Wallis, followed by a posthoc test. The results showed that Semarang waters had a lower N/P (Stoichiometric) ratio than Jepara and Cisadane, which can be used to predict that P nutrient input is higher than N. This high P input impacts microalgal development (chlorophyll-a). In addition, we also found Semarang waters to have higher speciation of inorganic N in the form of ammonium, which is one of the drivers of eutrophication in these waters. The use of a ratio of N/P is very important in estimating the eutrophication process and can be used to estimate the dominance of nutrients entering the water due to anthropogenic activities in the upstream area.

3

Distribution Patterns of Chlorophyll-a and its Relationship with Phosphate, Nitrate in Banjir Kanal Barat and Banjir Kanal Timur, Semarang, Indonesia

Suryoputro Agus Anugroho Dwi, Pramesti Rista Anggita, Zainuri Muhammad, Maslukah Lilik

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

186--193

EN

Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB) and Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT) are widely used for various community activities such as residential areas, industry, fish cultivation, and auction. Community activity around BKB and BKT will affect N and P nutrient inputs, which further affects phytoplankton abundance. In this study, phytoplankton biomass was estimated through chlorophyll-a (chl-a) measurements. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of the chl-a and determine the influence of phosphate and nitrate in front of the estuary from BKB and BKT. Sampling was carried out at 8 stations from each estuary and was carried out in the dry season. The concentration of chl-a, phosphate, and nitrate is further described in the form of a distribution pattern based on the interpolation method with ArcGIS 10.2 software. The results showed that the average ± sd of chl-a, respectively was 15,781 ± 16.90 mg/m3 and 17,710 ± 15.31 mg/m3, phosphate was 0.0174 ± 0.0057 ppm and 0.0096 ± 0.0164 ppm, nitrate was 2.9086 ± 1.1824 ppm and 1.6919 ± 1.6316 ppm. The distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a and phosphate decreases in concentration towards the sea, while nitrate forms an irregular pattern and has a different pattern in each estuary. Nutrient phosphate has a positive correlation with chlorophyll-a.

4

Assessment of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds removal efficiency from different types of wastewater using microalgae cultures

Nezbrytska Inna, Shamanskyi Sergii, Pavliukh Lesia, Kharchenko Galina

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 1

45--52

EN

The efficiency of ammonium nitrogen (N-NH4+) and phosphate (P-PO43-) removal from wastewater with different loads of these nutrients was evaluated using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Сhlоrорhуtа) and Oscillatoria neglecta (Суаnорhуtа/Cyanoprokaryota). In addition, functional characteristics of the microalgae under the studied conditions were determined. It was demonstrated that Ch. reinhardtii is resistant to a wide range of concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Microalgae actively participate in the removal of N-NH4+ from wastewater (removal efficiency of 49–63%, depending on the initial concentration). At the same time, Ch. reinhardtii showed low levels of P-PO43- removal (7-18%) from the aquatic environment. O. neglecta, unlike Ch. reinhardtii, is sensitive to excessively high concentrations of N-NH4+ (90-140 mg l−1) and P-PO43- (26-90 mg l−1). However, it is characterized by high removal efficiency for both forms of nitrogen (60–61%) and phosphorus (43–55%) at their initial concentrations of 30–50 mg l-1 and 7–14 mg l-1, respectively. Therefore, O. neglecta is best suited for use in wastewater post-treatment

5

Adsorption Kinetics of Edamame Soybean Peel Activated Carbon in Reducing the Level of Phosphate

Eri Iva Rustanti, Pramudinta Namira Kholifatul, Nurmayanti Demes

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

97--107

EN

Domestic wastewater, such as detergent wastewater, causes the increase of the phosphate level that strongly contributes to eutrophication. Adsorption is a method that can be used to reduce the levels of phosphate. The natural ingredients that can be made as activated carbon include edamame soybean peel, because it contains a lot of celluloses. This research aimed to analyze the adsorption kinetics and adsorption capacity of edamame soybean peel activated carbon in reducing the phosphate levels. Adsorption was carried out with batch method with various concentrations of adsorbate (2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 6 mg/L) and stirring time (3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours). The results showed that the highest adsorption capacity was found in 6 mg/L of adsorbate concentration and 6 hours of stirring time. The results were validated by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model. The Langmuir isotherm indicated that adsorption occurred in monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity was 0.43509 mg/g and the constant of adsorption kinetics was 1.5558 g/mg•min. Activated carbon from edamame soybean peel successfully reduced the levels of phosphate. The increase of adsorption capacity was correlated with the increasing concentration of adsorbate and stirring time until the equilibrium.

6

A study of grain size effect on radon exhalation rate and uranium content of a phosphate rock

Jabbade Meryame, Nachab Abdellatif, Nourreddine Abdel Mjid, Errami Ezzoura, Benjelloun Mohammed

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 6

2805--2812

EN

Assessment of the exhalation rate allows a classification of materials according to their potential risk of exposure to radon. The present study investigates the granulation effect on the radon exhalation rates from a phosphate sample. The phosphate sample was sieved into different grain size dimensions ranging from2 mm. The exhalation rate of each fraction was measured using the accumulation method. The radon exhalation rate was found to decrease with an increase in grain size above 0.125 mm. The influence of grain size on uranium content was also studied using the autoradiography method. The uranium concentration increased for the smallest grains (0.5 mm). The measured values of radon exhalation rates are under the limits reported worldwide.

7

Proteomic profile to explain the mechanism of the Bacillus cereus-phosphate mineral interaction

El-Ghammaz Mai Roshdy, Abdel-Khalek Nagui Ali, Hassan Mohamed Kamel

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 3

s. 136--150

EN

Bacillus cereus bacteria and their by-products were used as surface-active agents for surface hydrophobicity of the apatite in the flotation process leading to phosphate ores’ enrichment. Recently, proteomics is used to investigate the biochemical processes through discovering new proteins or investigating protein-protein interactions. In this work, we investigated the physicochemical behavior of pure apatite and quartz minerals in the presence of Bacillus cereus using zeta-potential, FTIR, and hydrophobicity measurements. Our results indicated that isoelectric point (IEP) occurred at pH 4.7 for apatite and 2.1 for quartz mineral. Bacillus cereus treatment decreased IEP of apatite to 1.8; while there was no significant change in IEP value of quartz. We used comprehensive proteomic profile analysis of Bacillus cereus in the presence of apatite mineral to identify the biological mechanism and molecules involved in such enrichment capacity. Our data identified the up-regulated Surface Layer (S-Layer) protein in this bacterial strain to be associated with the best mineral yield.

8

New minerals and the first mineral occurrences in the Kupferschiefer (U, REE, HgS, chloride minerals PtAs2, Pt(Sb,Bi)2, PtBi2), Poland, and their genetic meaning

Kucha Henryk “Harry”

Mineralogia

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2021

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Vol. 52, iss. 1

31--42

EN

Main U minerals in the Lubin and Polkowice mines in decreasing order of abundance are: uraninite, brannerite, metazunerite, metauranospinite, uranospinite, thucholite, monazite-huttonite, coffinite, and becquerelite. All these minerals are associated mainly with noble metal mineralization at the redox interfaces. Main minerals of REE are: (i) brannerite, monazite-huttonite in Noble Metals Bearing Shale (NMBS), (ii) fl orencite in Mo-Re shales and (iii) minor phospates in Cu-black shales derived from oxidation of organic matter. The latter, however, are controlling no more than 1/5 of the REE budget. Chloride minerals and sulphates are ubiquitous phases associated with Cu sulphides. They are represented by chlorargylite, cotunnite and penfeldite. Halite and sylvite form cubic inclusions in gypsum, up to 3 mm in chevrel compound, where they occur together with thiosulphates, annabergite and erithrite and Ni-Co-diarsenides. Sylvite is most common in lensoidal accumulations of semi massive kaolinite + chalcocite + gypsum at the contact between black shale and the top part of white sandstone. Such lenses have been traced over a distance of up to 30 m in the Lubin West and Polkowice East mines. Sylvite and halite have been so far overlooked during investigations of the Kupferschiefer because of applying standard cutting and polishing procedures using water as a lubricant. The Au content in native gold may reach exceptionally up to 97.40 wt% in a dolomitic reef from the Lubin West Mine. Gold forms four characteristic micro to nano-textures. Organic matrix of thucholite indicates correlation of Pt-Ni-V suggesting substitution of Pt in tetrapyrrole ring. Sperrylite, geversite and insizwaite appear at the western perimeter of Cu-sulphide deposit, where the redox gradient is so strong that almost all organic matter is gone. Platinum has forms its own minerals trapped in microfractures in anilite-digenite-spionkopite-yarrowite-bornite composite grains present in the reddened NMBS. Celestine-barite solid solution is one of the main accessory minerals in the Kupferschiefer. It has Sr/Ba ratio around 2.5 and 7.5. Euhedral uraninite associated with celestine-barite yielded U/Pb age of 84 ± 1 Ma, based on four grains measurements.

9

The efficiency of some fungi species in wastewater treatment

Kadhim Nuha F., Mohammed Wathiq J., Al Hussaini Ibtihal M., Al-Saily Hala M.N., Ali Rasha N.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 50

248--254

EN

Using microorganisms in eliminating or reducing the impacts of harmful remnants is very ancient manner. The current study was conducted to explore the potential of utilizing some fungi species that isolated from the main sewage treatment plant in Al-Muamirah area, Babylon-Iraq, in reducing some pollutants. Six fungi taxa Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terrues, Candida albicans, C. krusei, and Penicillium digitatum were identified before any treatment process, whereas only four fungi species A. flavus 20%, A. niger 20%, A. terrues 10%, and P. digitatum 18% were recognized after completing the physical and chemical treatment stages. Only three taxa A. niger, A. terrues, and P. digitatum were employed to reveal their capability in treating the sewage water, which represent the biological treatment stage as the final step of the treatment processes. The results showed a considerable capability of these fungi species in decreasing many variables values such as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total alkalinity, chlorides, nitrite, and phosphate. Where, slightly low reduction was detected in TSS value in all experiments (1.1–5.9%), similarly, both EC and salinity which were decreased with low ratios (6.6%, 3.9%, respectively). Taxon A. terrues exhibited high ability in reducing the total alkalinity and chloride ions in the treated water (30.9%, 43%, respectively) in comparison with the other two fungi species. Furthermore, all three fungi species were posed high capability in decreasing nutrients, where both nitrite and phosphate ions were highly reduced (87–97% and 22.8–32.1%, respectively). Based on these findings, we suggest using other microorganisms and exploring their capacity in removing the pollutants, and revealing the ability of the above fungi taxa in removing other pollutants.

10

Effect of temperature in removing of anions in solution on biochar using Zea mays stalks as a precursor

Villabona-Ortiz Ángel, Tejada-Tovar Candelaria, Ortega-Toro Rodrigo

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 50

64--68

EN

Biochar was prepared from corn (Zea mays) stalks and impregnated with sulfuric acid. The biomass was impregnated for 24 h with a 50% solution of H2SO4 with impregnation ratios 1:2 (B 1:2) and 1:3 p/v (B 1:3); then, it was carbonized in a muffle furnace at 520°C for 30 min with a 10°C per min ramp. The adsorption capacity to remove anions (nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate) in an aqueous solution was evaluated by varying the temperature. The adsorption mechanism was studied by determining the thermodynamic parameters: Gibbs free energy (ΔGº), enthalpy (ΔHº) and entropy (ΔSº) standard. The biochars were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis and were found to exhibit a heterogeneous surface and porous nature, with C, O, S, and Si. The experiments in the batch system showed the best performance of B 1: 2 in the removal of the three anions occurred at 303 K, while B 1: 3 had the best performance at 298 K. From the thermodynamic parameters, it was found that the removal processes are endothermic, their mechanism is by chemisorption. It is concluded that synthesized biochar is an excellent alternative to removing nutrient anions present in the solution.

11

Spatial Distribution of Chlorophyll-a and Its Relationship with Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate Influenced by Rivers in the North Coast of Java

Maslukah Lilik, Zainuri Muhammad, Wirasatriya Anindya, Salma Ummu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

18--25

EN

This research examines the eutrophication process mainly by considering the chlorophyll-a concentration. A simple linear model was used to determine the correlation between Chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP). The research was carried out on river mouths in the north coast of Central Java. The results of the linear model show that the relationship between chlorophyll-a and DIP follows the logarithmic model with the log [Chloa] = 1.52 + 1.60 log [DIP], R2 = 0.55. The model suggests that the high concentration of chlorophyll-a is related to dissolved inorganic phosphate concentrations. On the basis of the sufficient of conclusive evidence for these variables, the study sites with high stresses from several anthropogenic sources had higher chlorophyll-a than the sites that are relatively far from river mouths and lands.

12

Nanobubbles effect on the mechanical flotation of phosphate ore fine particles

Pourkarimi Z., Rezai B., Noaparast M.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 2

278--292

EN

Froth flotation is one of the main methods for processing of phosphate ores. However, flotation of fine particles, especially phosphate ores, has always been one of the fundamental problems. For example, about 10% of Esfordi phosphate processing plant ore with a grade of more than 16% P2O5 and d80 of less than 30 μm is sent to the tailing dam. Flotation using nanobubbles generated by hydrodynamic cavitation is one of the latest industrial techniques to recycle fine particles of minerals. A significant recovery increment in flotation of fine particles using nanobubbles has been one of the main topics of flotation science in recent years. Fine bubbles have important effects on the gas holdup, which is necessary in the froth flotation cell of mineral based process industries. At a given gas holdup, using finer bubbles can reduce frother consumption. An exclusive nanobubble generation system has been developed at Iran Mineral Processing Research Center (IMPRC) for evaluating the effect of nanobubbles on froth flotation. This device enhances venturi tubes and works based on cavitation phenomena. In this study, a comparison of conventional flotation and nanobubble enhanced flotation in mechanical cells was carried out on two types of phosphate ore samples. As a result, the flotation recovery had a significant increment of more than 30% in the case of using nanobubbles versus conventional flotation in the same grade of P2O5.

13

Impact of the 2014 Major Baltic Inflow on benthic fluxes of ferrous iron and phosphate below the permanent halocline in the southern Baltic Sea

Brocławik O., Łukawska-Matuszewska K., Bolałek J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 3

275--287

EN

The impact of 2014 Major Baltic Inflow (MBI) on ferrous iron (FFe(II)) and phosphate (FPO43–) benthic fluxes was investigated. Sampling took place few months after the MBI, in August 2015, and over one year after the inflow, in February 2016. Materials were collected from three sites (depth of 106–108 m) located in the Gdańsk Deep. Total dissolved iron, Fe(II), phosphate, H2S and sulfate were analyzed in bottom and pore water. Benthic fluxes were estimated using Fick’s first law. All fluxes were directed from sediment. FFe(II) ranged from 0.31 × 10–2 to 1.25 × 10–2 μmol m–2 hr–1 and FPO43– from 1.53 to 2.70 μmol m–2 hr–1. At the deepest site, FPO43– was similar in both seasons, while at two other sites fluxes in August 2015 were 40–50% smaller than in February 2016. The increase in bottom water oxygen after the MBI enhanced Fe(oxyhydr)oxides formation. As a consequence, bottom and pore water concentrations of Fe(II) and FFe(II), decreased. Adsorption of phosphate onto Fe(oxyhydr)oxides resulted in binding of P in surface sediment and lower FPO43– in August 2015. This was particularly evident at the shallowest site. The reductive dissolution of Fe(oxyhydr)oxides and desorption of P during the subsequent months resulted in higher FPO43– in February 2016.

14

Surfactant-assisted fabrication and evaluation of macroporous calcium phosphate bone cements

Cichoń E., Zima A., Ślósarczyk A.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2018

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Vol. 21, no. 148

56

15

Vertical migrations in an Alpine grassland cambisol after long-term sewage sludge application

Sager M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2017

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Vol. 24, nr 1

141--158

EN

Differences between vertical mobilities of nutrient and trace elements within a long-term sludge-treated and an adjacent untreated Alpine grassland cambisol were investigated by column experiments. The site had been intensely fertilized with urban sewage sludge for 10 years of 7.5 Mg/ha annually, whereas an adjacent site had been left untreated. A model column experiment was set up to investigate changes of permeabilities and trace element retentions at 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm layers thereof. Elution was performed with de-ionized water at amounts of expected rainfall at the sampling site (1000 mm), as well as with equal volume of manure after biogas production. Long-term sludge treatment increased organic carbon, formation of ammonium and nitrate, and increased vertical mobility of K, P, S, Cu, and Fe, but also slightly higher (below 10-fold) for Na, Sr, Ba, Ni and V. Additional application of manure was of minor effect, mainly upon nitrate formation, and upon leaching of Fe, Mn as well as Fe/Mn proportion. Prior addition of FeCl2 to the manure in order to increase sulfide precipitation, mainly affected the output of ammonia, but hardly the cations or anions (e.g. P) investigated.

16

Cations on Ion Chromatography by Phosphate-Coated Zirconia Stationary Phase Column

Mori M., Masuno T., Kozaki D., Nakatani N., Tanaka K., Itabashi H.

Acta Chromatographica

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2015

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Vol. 27, no. 4

767--773

EN

Ion chromatography of inorganic cations using a phosphate-coated zirconia stationary phase (PZ) was first attempted. The retentions of cations to PZ increased by elevating the column temperature and the reproducibility of the separation could improve at the higher temperature. The PZ functioned as a cation-exchanger from changes in the retention factor of cations as a function of eluent pH. Furthermore, the Gibbs free energies of cations were estimated from enthalpy and entropy using the retention factors of cations as a function of the column temperature. The reaction was based on the endothermic reaction.

17

Dostępność fosforu dla roślin z kompostów wzbogaconych fosforytem. Cz. 1, Technologia wytwarzania kompostów

Stanisławska-Glubiak E., Korzeniowska J., Hoffmann J., Józwiak W., Wiśniewska G.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2014

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T. 93, nr 5

807-810

PL

W celu zwiększenia rozpuszczalności fosforytu kompostowano go z surowcami organicznymi. Używając bioreaktora do kompostowania biomasy, przygotowano 4 warianty kompostów. Do wytworzenia kompostów użyto mielonego fosforytu oraz rozdrobnionej słomy jęczmiennej, trocin i wysłodków buraczanych. Komposty różniły się rodzajem i ilością komponentów organicznych. Gotowe komposty zgranulowano za pomocą prasy matrycowej. Kompostowanie fosforytu z komponentami organicznymi zwiększało jego rozpuszczalność, a tym samym powodowało wzrost dostępności fosforu dla roślin.

EN

Rock phosphate was ground and added to org. composts. After 1-2 months long composting at humidity 60%, the composts were granulated, dried to H2O content below 8% and studied for various P forms. The composting resulted in an increase in content of HCOOH, citric acid and NH4 citrate-sol. P in the rock phosphate.

18

The human bone oxygen isotope ratio changes with aging

Stepańczak B., Szostek K., Pawlyta J.

Geochronometria

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2014

|

Vol. 41, no. 2

147--159

EN

The oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) in tissues is the outcome of both climatic and geographical factors in a given individual’s place of abode, as well as the physiology and metabolism of his organism. During an individual’s life, various rates and intensities of physiological and metabolic processes are observable in the organism, also within the bone tissue. The aim of this study is to verify whether involutional changes occurring as a result of the organism’s ageing have a significant impact on δ18O determined in the bone tissue. The material used for analysis was fragments of the long bones taken from 65 people, (11 children and 54 adults), whose remains had been uncovered at the early mediaeval (X–XI century) cemetery located at the Main Market Square in Kraków (Poland). The correlation analysis between δ18O of bone tissue and an individual’s age shows that up to 40 years of age, such a relationship does not exist in both, males and females. However, the conducted correlation analysis prompted the observation that after 40 years of life, δ18O in bone tissue significantly drops as females increase in age. Results suggest that the δ18O in bone tissue among older people may be the outcome not only of environmental factors but also involutional changes in bone linked to an organism’s ageing. Therefore, the interpretation of δ18O results relating to the description of the origin and migrations of older individuals should be treated with caution.

19

Phosphate recovery from animal manure wastewater by struvite crystallization and CO2 degasification reactor

Zhang T., Li P., Fang C., Jiang R.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2014

|

Vol. 21, nr 1

89--99

EN

The problem of phosphorus discharge is related to environmental protection and food security. Struvite crystallization is a useful technology for phosphate recovery from wastewater. In the research, struvite crystallization process with CO2 degasification continuous U-shape reactor (CUSR) was application for phosphate recovery from animal manure wastewater. The result indicated PO43--P recovery ratio could achieve 47-53% without magnesium addition when CUSR hydraulic retention time controlled at 60 min. With extra magnesium addition, PO43--P recovery ratio could significant achieve 80-86% at magnesium addition amount 57.5 mg/dm3. PHREEQC modeling predictions trend of struvite crystallization was close to CUSR experimental results. The modeling calculation can provide a theoretical guide for operational parameters design. For seeding technology, high phosphate recovery efficiency was obtained and preformed struvite was the most effective seeding material. Surface characterization analysis demonstrated the dominant composition of chemical solids was struvite. Water extraction analysis indicated chemical solids recovery from animal manure wastewater could release PO43--P slowly and be available as slow-release fertilizer.

PL

Problem uwalniania fosforu jest związany z ochroną środowiska i bezpieczeństwem żywności. Krystalizacja struwitu jest przydatną technologią odzysku fosforanów ze ścieków. W opisanych badaniach proces krystalizacji struwitu zastosowano do odzyskiwania fosforanów z gnojowicy, do tego celu wykorzystano reaktor ciągłego odgazowywania CO2 w kształcie litery U (CUSR). Wyniki wskazują, że wskaźnik odzysku PO43- może osiągnąć 47-53% P bez dodatku magnezu, gdy kontrolowany, hydrauliczny czas retencji CUSR wynosi 60 min. Po wprowadzeniu magnezu w ilości 57,5 mg/dm3 wskaźnik odzysku PO43- może osiągnąć 80-86% P. Przewidywania modelu PHREEQC dotyczące krystalizacji struwitu był bliskie wynikom doświadczalnym CUSR. Obliczenia teoretyczne z wykorzystaniem modelu mogą stanowić wskazówkę do ustalania rzeczywistych parametrów eksploatacyjnych. Struwit otrzymany z gnojowicy może mieć zastosowanie w nasiennictwie. Analiza ekstrakcyjna wykazała, że materiał ten może powoli uwalniać PO43-P i dzięki temu znajduje zastosowanie jako nawóz.

20

Discarded phosphatic slimes as fertilizer in alkaline soils

Sekhar D. M. R., Prabhulingaiah G., Dassin Y., Pillai M. G., Upadhyayula S.

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2013

|

R. 14, nr 2

167--171

EN

Phosphate concentrator at Eshidiya, of Jordan Phosphate Mines Co. Plc, Jordan treats two different types of ores. Both these ores are de slimed to remove clay minerals and the slimes are discarded as tailings. The discarded slimes contain P2O5 as high as 20%. Tests were conducted to use these slimes as direct P fertilizer in alkaline/saline soils both in Jordan and India. It is noted that the slimes along with N containing materials either of organic or inorganic origin work as efficiently as known phosphatic fertilizers.

PL

Zagęszczacz fosforanowy w Eshidiya (Jordańskie Kopalnie Fosforanu) jest stosowany przez Jordanię w przypadku dwóch typów rud. Obie rudy są odszlamowane aby usunąć gliny, natomiast szlam jest odrzucany. Odrzucony szlam zawiera do 20% P2O5. Przeprowadzono testy nad wykorzystaniem tego szlamu jako głównego nawozu zawierającego fosfor w przypadku gleb zasadowych/zasolonych w Jordanii i Indiach. Należy zauważyć, że szlam wraz z materiałami zawierającymi N pochodzenia organicznego lub nieorganicznego funkcjonuje jako znany nawóz fosforowy.