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1

The effect of pollutants on the content of nutrients in soil

Pukish Arsen V., Sydorenko Olha I., Mandryk Oleh M., Korobeinykova Yaroslava S., Tuts Oleh M.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 4

266--277

EN

Soil degradation occurs as a result of the ingress and accumulation of excessive amount of pollutants in the soil. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the complex effect of soil contamination (concentration of petroleum products, toxic salts, dense residue, sodium ions, sulfate ions, magnesium ions, calcium, chloride ions, bicarbonate ions) on the content of nutrients (alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus). A detailed analysis of scientific papers has been carried out, based on which the main scientific tasks solved in the article have been formulated. It has been established that soil-salt processes are insufficiently studied and are the object of scientific research in recent years. At the first stage of research, sampling was carried out and the content of nutrients and pollutants in the soil was determined. Determination of element concentrations was performed by collecting soil samples and their subsequent laboratory testing. At the second stage, a correlation-regression analysis of the obtained data was performed and multiple linear regressions were established. The interaction of substances in the soil was determined by analyzing the obtained multiple linear regressions. Two types of soils were studied: with chloride and with sulfate type of salinization. For soils with chloride type of salinity, dependences have been established for the content of humus, alkaline nitrogen and potassium, while in case of phosphorus multiple linear regression does not exist. For soils with sulfate type of salinization, multiple linear regression dependences of concentrations of alkaline nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium have been determined. It is established that the complex influence of the studied elements is decisive. No regression dependence was found for the humus content, which indicates that the concentration of the studied elements has almost no effect on the humus content in the soil. Comparison of the obtained multiple linear regressions with the results of laboratory studies showed a good correlation between these data series. The obtained regularities of pollutant and nutrient interactions in soils are expected in future to enable creation of scientific bases for development of new methods of desalination of soils polluted by formation waters as well as for planning effective reclamation actions.

PL

W wyniku wnikania i gromadzenia się w glebie nadmiernych ilości zanieczyszczeń następuje degradacja gleby. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań teoretycznych i eksperymentalnych złożonego wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleby (stężenie produktów naftowych, toksycznych soli, gęstego osadu, siarczanow, jonów sodu, magnezu, wapnia, chlorków, wodorowęglanów), na zawartość składników pokarmowych (hydrolizowanego alkalicznie azotu, fosforu, potasu, humusu). Przeprowadzona została szczegółowa analiza prac naukowych, na podstawie której sformułowano główne zadania badawcze rozwiązane w artykule. Stwierdzono, że procesy glebowo-solne zbadane są w stopniu niedostatecznym i stanowią one przedmiot badań naukowych w ostatnich latach. W pierwszym etapie badań pobrano próbki i wyznaczono zawartość składników pokarmowych i zanieczyszczeń w glebie. Wyznaczenia stężeń pierwiastków dokonano poprzez pobranie próbek gleb i ich późniejsze badania laboratoryjne. W drugim etapie wykonano analizę korelacyjno-regresyjną uzyskanych danych i ustalono wielokrotne regresje liniowe. Oddziaływanie substancji w glebie określono poprzez analizę otrzymanych wielokrotnych regresji liniowych. Badano dwa rodzaje gleb: o zasoleniu chlorkowym i siarczanowym. Dla gleb o zasoleniu chlorkowym ustalono zależności w odniesieniu do zawartośći humusu, azotu hydrolizowanego alkalicznie i potasu, natomiast dla fosforu regresja liniowa wielokrotna nie wystapiła. Dla gleb o zasoleniu siarczanowym wyznaczono zależności wielokrotnej regresji liniowej stężeń azotu alkalicznego, fosforu, potasu. Ustalono, że decydujące znaczenie ma kompleksowe oddziaływanie badanych pierwiastków. Dla zawartości humusu nie stwierdzono zależności regresji, co wskazuje, że stężenie badanych pierwiastków prawie nie wpływa na zawartość humusu w glebie. Porównanie uzyskanych wielokrotnych regresji liniowych z wynikami badań laboratoryjnych wykazało dobrą korelację między tymi seriami danych. Uzyskane prawidłowości oddziaływania zanieczyszczeń i składników pokarmowych w glebach pozwolą w przyszłości stworzyć naukowe podstawy rozwoju nowych metod odsalania gleb zanieczyszczonych wodami złożowymi, jak również planować efektywne prowadzenie prac rekultywacyjnych.

2

Efficiency of Probiotic Application for the Remediation of Contaminated Soils in Agrocenoses

Pysarenko Pavlo, Samojlik Maryna, Taranenko Anna, Mostoviak Ivan, Lavrinenko Inna, Shpyrna Vladyslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

94--99

EN

The problem of soil contamination is relevant today. Soil contamination is generally associated with intensive industrial activities, inadequate waste management, mining, military activities, or accidents. Pollutants (e.g. heavy metals) are accumulating in soil and have major indirect impacts on biodiversity, quality of groundwater resources, and food safety. Soil contamination of agricultural land is a particular threat. Due to the military action and other conditions, the numbers of sites where potentially polluting activities have taken place are increasing in Ukraine. The cultivation of agricultural crops on soils with a medium or high level of toxicity is only possible after the remediation of this area. The use of biological methods to intensify soil remediation processes, thereby reducing the additional burden on the environment, is becoming more widespread. The application of probiotics is an innovative and ecological method for the restoration of contaminated soils. This will enable to improve the conceptual approaches to the implementation of an ecologically safe model for the restoration of contaminated land under the conditions of military action in Ukraine. The aim of the research was to assess the phytotoxic effect of soil contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum products before and after probiotic application. The seedling method was used to determine the remediation potential of contaminated soils. An express test of Triticum aestivum was used to determine soil phytotoxicity. The research results show the negative impact of soil contamination with heavy metals and petroleum products on the biometric indices of Triticum aestivum plants and positive dynamics of biometric indices of Triticum aestivum in variants after probiotic treatment (86–92% compared to the control). The obtained data show that a significant phytotoxic effect is observed by all biometric indices of Triticum aestivum in all studied variants. The highest phytotoxic effect (33.56–42.70%) was observed in variants with combined contamination (PP+Zn+Pb). The results of probiotic application show a phytotoxic effect of less than 20% by all biometric indices of Triticum aestivum for all studied variants. Therefore, the results of the research can be used to develop recommendations for the remediation of land contaminated by military actions in Ukraine and the creation of sustainable agroecosystems.

3

Effects of hydrocarbon contamination on the engineering geological properties of Neogene clays and Pleistocene glacial tills from Central Poland

Dobak Paweł, Izdebska-Mucha Dorota, Stajszczak Piotr, Wójcik Emilia, Kiełbasiński Kamil, Gawriuczenkow Ireneusz, Szczepański Tomasz, Zawrzykraj Piotr, Bąkowska Anna

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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Vol. 72, no. 4

529--555

EN

Petroleum products influence the engineering behaviour of the soil. Neogene clays and glacial tills from Central Poland were tested under laboratory conditions to evaluate the changes of selected physical and mechanical parameters: particle size distribution, particle density, swelling, shear strength and permeability. Four petroleum products were used in the experiments: diesel fuel, kerosene, jet fuel and mineral engine oil. The study revealed that even for the lowest degree of contamination the values of physical and mechanical properties of the soils changed significantly. Greater variation can be expected in soils contaminated with high-viscosity compounds. Also, higher relative changes were found for glacial tills than for Neogene clays. Consolidation tests revealed changes in soil permeability depending on the soil composition and the physical properties of the contaminant – considerable reduction of permeability was observed for glacial tills contaminated with light Jet fuel, while the reduction was lower for Neogene clays. The obtained results indicate the role of mesopores and the dimensionless pore pressure coefficient in changes of soil permeability. The methodological issues regarding testing and analysing the hydrocarbon-contaminated soils were also presented and discussed, which might be useful for researchers studying contaminated soils.

4

Detection of petroleum products using optical coherence tomography

Kamińska Aleksandra M., Pluciński Jerzy

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

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2021

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Nr 73

27--30

EN

In this work, we present a novel method developed for the analysis of the properties of thin layers for detecting petroleum products on a water surface using a commercially available optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The spectral density analysis of the signal from a spectroscopic OCT (S-OCT) enables us to perform the precision calculation of the thin layer thickness and other properties like homogeneity, and dispersion, even if layer thickness is smaller than the coherence length of light from the used broadband light source. Mathematical modeling has been confirmed by measurements. The experiment with thin oil films on the surface of the water was conducted. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to measure the thickness of the petroleum product layers on the surface of the water smaller than 1 μm with 10 nm resolution.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono nowatorską metodę analizy właściwości cienkich warstw przy użyciu standardowych dostępnych na rynku systemów optycznej tomografii koherentnej (ang. optical coherence tomography – OCT) na potrzeby wykrywania produktów naftowych na powierzchni wody. Analiza gęstości widmowej mocy sygnału pochodzącego z systemu OCT z detekcją spektroskopową (ang. spectroscopic OCT – S-OCT) pozwala na dokładne obliczenie grubości cienkiej warstwy i innych jej właściwości, takich jak jednorodność i dyspersja, nawet jeśli grubość warstwy jest mniejsza niż długość drogi koherencji stosowanego szerokopasmowego źródła światła. Wyniki działania systemu uzyskane metodą modelowania matematycznego zostały potwierdzone pomiarami uzyskanymi z komercyjnego systemu, wykorzystując zaawansowane metody przetwarzania sygnałów. Przeprowadzono eksperyment z cienkimi warstwami olejowymi na powierzchni wody. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że możliwy jest pomiar grubości warstwy produktu ropopochodnego na powierzchni wody cieńszej niż 1 μm przy rozdzielczości pomiarów 10 nm.

5

Możliwe kierunki rozwoju przemysłu rafineryjnego w Polsce

Jakóbiec Janusz, Kamiński Arkadiusz, Pusz Agnieszka

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 11

997--1002

6

Wpływ zanieczyszczenia olejem napędowym na uziarnienie i plastyczność mad z rejonu Warszawa-Siekierki

Izdebska-Mucha Dorota, Trzciński Jerzy, Klein Marta

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 12

800-810

EN

The paper presents the results of testing flood facies sediments - muds. The term “‘muds” refers to a genetic type of deposits, regardless of their variability in particle size composition and organic matter content. Due to the poor geological engineering properties, such as, high lithological variability, low degree of diagenesis, as well as high moisture content and organic matter content, muds are classified as weak soils and river valleys are the areas of complicated ground conditions. The paper presents lithological, physical and chemical properties of muds from the floodplain of the Vistula River valley in the area of Warsaw-Siekierki. A series of mud samples contaminated with diesel fuel in the range of 2-16%wereprepared. The microaggregate analyses as well as the plastic and liquid limit tests showed a significant effect of contamination on the soil index properties. The increase in diesel fuel content resulted in the loss of soil plasticity and cohesion. The aggregation of clay particles and the increase in the silt fraction content was observed. The most significant changes of properties were obtained for the mud samples containing 6-16% of diesel fuel. The research of soils contaminated with petroleum products is of great importance in determining the geological engineering conditions of the subsoil for foundation purposes.

7

Sprawdzenie możliwości wykorzystania potencjału mikroskopii IR w branży naftowej

Wieczorek Agnieszka, Sroczyńska Dagmara

Nafta-Gaz

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2021

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R. 77, nr 9

613--620

PL

Mikroskopia w podczerwieni z transformacją fourierowską (FT-IR) wykorzystuje dwie techniki badawcze: mikroskopię i spektrometrię FT-IR. Pozwala to na analizę materiału pod kątem występowania charakterystycznych grup funkcyjnych oraz na przedstawienie jego topograficznego rozkładu. Daje to możliwość analizy związków chemicznych w mikroobszarach badanego materiału. Przegląd literatury wskazuje na szerokie zastosowanie tych połączonych technik, m.in. w diagnostyce medycznej, kryminalistyce czy w badaniu jednorodności analitów. Analizie poddawane są tkanki, a także pojedyncze komórki. Wśród zalet połączonych technik jako narzędzia diagnostycznego należy wymienić możliwość rejestracji anomalii składu chemicznego z mikrometrową rozdzielczością przy minimalnej preparatyce, próbki nie wymagają dodatkowego utrwalania materiału do badań ani stosowania żadnych markerów. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie przykładowych możliwości zastosowania mikroskopii IR w pracy laboratorium naftowego, podczas badania próbek ciekłych oraz stałych w postaci zawiesin czy osadów wytrąconych na elementach zbiorników, silników i różnych urządzeń. Wskazano na konieczność właściwego przygotowania próbek w zależności od ich charakteru oraz rodzaju zastosowanej techniki. Pokazano też możliwości związane z posiadanymi bibliotekami widm oraz mapowania po wybranym obszarze widm. Należy jeszcze raz wskazać na istotną rolę, jaką pełni mikroskopia FT-IR w badaniu próbek niejednorodnych, głównie ze względu na możliwość wytypowania konkretnych punktów pomiarowych o większej koncentracji substancji organicznych w stosunku do obszarów z dużą koncentracją, np. wody. Dzięki temu można w prostszy sposób określać, czy dana substancja lub produkt występujący w miejscu poboru wpływa na powstawanie osadów lub emulsji. Mikroskopia IR umożliwia przede wszystkim prowadzenie analizy niewielkiej ilości próbki, co jest szczególnie ważne w badaniu pobranych substancji w śladowych ilościach.

EN

Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) uses two research techniques: microscopy and FTIR spectrometry. This allows to analyze fragments in terms of specific functional groups and the presentation of its topographic distribution. It enables the analysis of test results in the micro-areas of the tested material. IR microscopy is a technique that brings many advantages, mainly when it comes to examining samples with heterogeneous composition and surface. Thanks to it, it is possible not only to analyze small sample areas, but also to distinguish individual substances or groups of bonds present in them. During the test, the analyst can check both the homogeneity of the sample and the specific areas in which its composition changes. Due to this variety of applications, this technique is widely used in medicine, as well as in environmental research, forensics, and the research in the oil industry discussed in this article. The aim of the article is to present examples of the possibilities of applying the described technique in the work of an oil laboratory. It should be pointed out once again that this is of great importance, especially in FTIR microscopy when sampling heterogeneous samples, due to the possibility of selecting measurement point results for additional concentrations of organic compounds compared to areas with, for example, water. This makes it easier to determine whether a given substance or product is initially affecting the sediment or emulsion. Above all, IR microscopy allows a small amount of sample to be analyzed, which is particularly important when examining the collected substances in trace amounts.

8

Determination of the Dependence of the Plant Growth Characteristics on the Concentration of Petrochemicals in the Soil

Cherniak Larysa, Mikhyeyev Oleksandr, Madzhd Svitlana, Lapan Oksana, Dmytrukha Tetyana, Petrusenko Valentyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

226--233

EN

The peculiarities of sanitary and hygienic rationing of the oil products content in environmental components were analyzed. It was established that the general ecological situation in our country and abroad is unsatisfactory and the issue of finding modern methods of standardizing the quality of environmental components, which would cover the indicators and criteria of their composition and properties, is becoming increasingly urgent. Together, it would ensure ecologically sustainable development of the biosphere in all hierarchical levels of its organization. It was established that such an assessment system does not exist today and therefore, there is no generally accepted universal method for assessing the quality of the environmental components. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a methodology, in particular a method of biotesting, which will provide a generalized qualitative assessment of the ecological state of the environment, without being based on the quantitative characteristics of the MPC. The possibility of applying a new method of phytotesting of soil that was artificially contaminated with different types of petrochemicals in different concentrations per unit volume of soil using flax seedlings (Linum usitatissimum L.) was investigated. The growth characteristics of the test plants grown on artificially contaminated soil with petroleum products were presented. In the course of research, the possibility of studying the effect of petrochemicals on plants directly in artificially contaminated soil was confirmed. On the basis of the analysis of the obtained results, it was found that when the soil is contaminated with oil products, the aviation fuel has a greater impact on the shoots, whereas gasoline and diesel fuel have a lower impact on the roots in lower concentrations. At higher concentrations, their depressant effect is almost equal.

9

Research on the effect of the effective microorganisms, silver solution and colloidal nanosilver addition on the engine oil base number (TBN)

Krakowski Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 4

8--11

EN

In the article, base number as a parameter characterizing the washing and dispersing abilities of engine oil were characterized. Next, the influence of additives enriching engine oils on the natural environment was described. In the further part of the article, the research methodology, applied oil samples with additives of effective microorganisms and silver solution, both for fresh oil and used oil were presented. In addition, the measuring test stand with instrumentation and measuring device was shown. In the main part of the article base number value for fresh and used oil compared to oils with the addition of microorganisms and a solution of silver and colloidal silver were described. Next the analysis of the influence of these additives on the base number value was made. The article was completed conclusions.

10

Sludge of Oil Refining Units and Their Processing

Chelyadyn Volodymyr, Bogoslavets Mykola, Chelyadyn Liubomyr, Poznyak Oksana, Novosad Petro

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

169--177

EN

The article presents the quantitative characteristics of multi-tonnage technogenic wastes in Ukraine and the IvanoFrankivsk region, which cause environmental pollution. The water silts containing petroleum products are particularly dangerous wastes. It is proposed to recycle them using the method of preparation of the raw mixture in composition with the following technogenic wastes: oil sludge, ash, zeolite material, calcium-containing compounds, and organic mineral binders. They are granulated and subjected to the thermal treatment at low temperatures. The granular materials made using the oil-containing silt of the model object reduce the negative impact onto the environment of the region and increase its level of environmental safety.

11

Research into the effects of the effective microorganisms addition on the engine oil viscosity

Krakowski Rafał

Journal of KONES

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2019

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Vol. 26, No. 3

105--112

EN

In the article, changes in the properties of oils during operation were characterized. The main reason for this is the continuous aging process of the used oil caused by the interaction of oxygen contained in the air, which reacts relatively easily with hydrocarbons and the oxidation process is accelerated just by high temperature. Then the problem of microorganisms occurring in petroleum products and their effect on the properties of oils and the operation of the internal combustion engine was presented. The next part of the article presents effective microorganisms, i.e. what they are and how they work, in particular, their composition and appropriate development conditions. In addition, some of their specific applications were briefly described. In the next part of the article, the research methodology, applied oil samples with additives of effective microorganisms, both for fresh oil and used oil were described. In addition, the measuring test stand with instrumentation and measuring device was shown. The main part of the article contains the characteristics of dynamic viscosity as a function of temperature for fresh oil and used oil compared with oils with the addition of microorganisms in liquid form and ceramic tubes. The developed graphs enabled analysis of the effect of the addition of microorganisms on oil viscosity as ecological products.

12

The Environmental Impact of Drilling Sludge and Ways of Their Utilization

Gaevaya Elena, Tarasova Svetlana, Bytsko Anastasia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

26--30

EN

Drilling sludge formed in the process of drilling wells using a drilling agent on a hydrocarbon basis looks like soft pasty mass of black color, with a distinct smell of petroleum products. Oil-based drill sludge has a high oil and chloride ions content, identified excessive concentrations of chromium 2.67 times. According to the degree of accumulation of heavy metals, that were distributed in the following order: manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu) > chromium (Cr) > lead (Pb) > cobalt (Co) > arsenic (As) > mercury (Hg) > cadmium (Cd). The results of the particle size distribution indicate a significant proportion of physical clay, which peaks for the silt fraction – 63.60 %. During the study of the waste drilling agent was found that it includes oil products which reached level of 9000 mg/kg, while the hydrogen index refers to a neutral medium – 6.5 pH. The evaluation of the toxic effect of drilling waste according to the test-results has an acute toxic effect on the environment (hazard class IV). The significance of the research indicates the relevance of environmental assessment of drilling waste for the optimal choice of their subsequent disposal.

13

Studying the Efficiency of Treatment Model Mixtures of Petroleum Products with the Modified Sorbent Made of Ash-and-Slag During Dynamic Sorption

Korotkova Tatyana Germanovna, Bushumov Svyatoslav Andreevich, Ksandopulo Svetlana Yurevna, Solonnikova Nataliya Vladimirovna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 11

202--209

EN

Experimental studies on the dynamic sorption of model mixtures containing petroleum products were performed. The subject of the study was the modified sorbent from the ash-and-slag wastes accumulated in the ash dump of the Novocherkassk State District Power Plant (SDPP) (Russia, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region), obtained using the method of ash removal. The quantity of the sorbent for each model solution was fixed at 5.0 g. The model solutions in the amount of 1 dm3 were passed through a column filled with the modified sorbent at constant filtration rate w = const with filtrate takeout of 0.1 dm3/min. The pH value of the solution, which is advisable for extracting petroleum products, was determined experimentally. For this purpose, the model solutions, containing 100 mg/dm3 of petroleum products with pH = 1.65, 4.01, 6.86, 8.12, 9.18, and 11.34, were prepared. The optimum pH value of the solution was considered pH = 7.5. The content of petroleum products in the filtrate in all experiments was determined using IR spectrometry. The working range of water pollution with petroleum products was determined on a series of model solutions containing petroleum products in the range between 0.5 and 10 mg/dm3 with the increment of 0.5, between 10 and 100 mg/dm3 with the increment of 10, and between 100 and 1,000 mg/dm3 with the increment of 100. The maximum extraction of petroleum products from the solution was 88.23%. The applicability of the Henry’s law to the range of petroleum products concentrations in the filtrate of 50 mg/dm3 was confirmed. The adsorption equilibrium constant (Henry’s law constant) was determined experimentally. The effect of the natural freshwater matrix on the degree of petroleum products extraction was studied; no significant effect on petroleum products sorption was found. A conclusion was made that the sorbent can ensure the efficiency of water purifying from petroleum products of no less than 85% in the range of pollution between 5 and 300 mg/dm3.

14

Zastosowanie metody analizy rodzajów i skutków możliwych błędów w ocenie funkcjonowania wybranego obiektu logistycznego

Kostrzewski M.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2018

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z. 121

191--201

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza ryzyka wystąpienia niepożądanych zjawisk w obiekcie logistycznym typu stacja składowania paliw płynnych, w którym realizowane są procesy magazynowania i przeładunku paliw ciekłych. Do analizy i oceny czynników ryzyka zastosowana została metoda FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis). W artykule przedstawiono opracowany przez autora model formalny metody (wyrażony zarówno z wykorzystaniem parametrów ilościowych, jak i jakościowych), a także przykład zastosowania metody i modelu.

EN

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the risk of undesirable phenomena occurrence in a logistics facility such as a liquid fuel storage station, in which the processes of storage and handling of liquid fuels are accomplished. The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) method was used to analyze and assess risk factors. The paper presents the formal model of the method developed by the paper’s author (expressed both with the use of quantitative and qualitative parameters), as well as an example of the method’s and model’s application.

15

Normalizacja przetworów naftowych i biopaliw płynnych w latach 2014–2018

Błaszkiewicz Z., Doening I., Moskała J.

Nafta-Gaz

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2018

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R. 74, nr 11

846--855

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje dotyczące normalizacji przetworów naftowych i biopaliw w Polsce w powiązaniu z normalizacją międzynarodową i europejską. Omówiono główne zasady uczestnictwa krajowej jednostki normalizacyjnej, jaką w Polsce jest Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny (PKN), w pracach normalizacyjnych Europejskiego Komitetu Normalizacyjnego (CEN) i Międzynarodowej Organizacji Normalizacyjnej (ISO). Przedstawiono organy techniczne krajowej jednostki normalizacyjnej, w których zakresie tematycznym znajduje się normalizacja przetworów naftowych: Komitet Techniczny 222 ds. Przetworów Naftowych i Cieczy Eksploatacyjnych oraz Podkomitet KT 222/PK 1 ds. Paliw Płynnych, Podkomitet KT 222/PK 2 ds. Asfaltów, Podkomitet KT 222/PK 3 ds. Olejów Smarowych, funkcjonujące zgodnie z wprowadzonymi w 2012 roku zmianami w procedurach PKN. Przedstawiono ogólne informacje dotyczące prac grup roboczych (WG) działających w komitetach technicznych CEN/TC, do których jako eksperci delegowani są, między innymi, specjaliści Instytutu Nafty i Gazu – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego (INiG ‒ PIB), funkcjonujących w ramach komitetu technicznego CEN/TC 19 Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin: CEN/TC 19/WG 9 Chromatographic test method, CEN/TC 19/WG 21 Specification for unleaded petrol, CEN/TC 19/WG 23 Specification of automotive LPG and related test method, CEN/TC 19/WG 24 Specification of distillate fuels, CEN/TC 19/WG 27 Elemental analysis of petroleum and related products. Podano również informacje dotyczące Komitetu Technicznego PKN KT 144 ds. Koksu i Przetworzonych Paliw Stałych, działającego w obszarze tematyki CEN/TC 383 Sustainably produced biomass for energy applications i grupy roboczej CEN/TC 383/WG 3 Biodiversity and environmental aspects, oraz KT 319 ds. Produktów Biobazowych, obejmującego tematykę CEN/TC 411 Bio-based products.

EN

The article presents basic information on the standardization of petroleum products and biofuels in Poland, in connection with International and European Standardization. Basic rules for the participation of the national standardization body in Poland, which is the Polish Committee for Standardization of PKN in the standardization work of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the International Standardization Organization (ISO) were discussed. The technical bodies of the PKN were presented, the scope of which is the standardization of petroleum products: Technical Committee KT 222 for Petroleum Products and Subcommittee’s of KT 222: Sub-committee KT 222/PK 1 for Liquid Fuels, Sub-committee KT 222/PK 2 for Bitumen, Sub-committee KT 222/PK 3 for Lubricating, operating in accordance with the changes introduced in 2012 in PKN’s procedures. General information on the activities of the working groups (WG) operating in CEN/TC technical committees, to which specialists of INiG ‒ PIB, are delegated as the experts, operating within the technical committee CEN/TC 19 Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin: CEN/TC 19/WG 9 Chromatographic test method, CEN/TC 19/WG 21 Specification for unleaded petrol, CEN/TC 19/WG 23 Specification of automotive LPG and related test method, CEN/TC 19/WG 24 Specification of distillate fuels, CEN/TC 19/WG 27 Elemental analysis of petroleum and related products. Information on Technical Committee KT 144 for Coke and Processed Solid Fuels, operating in the area of CEN/TC 383 Sustainably produced biomass for energy applications and CEN/TC 383/WG 3 Biodiversity and environmental aspects, as well as KT 319 for Biobase Products covering CEN/TC 411 Bio-based products is also provided.

16

Analiza oddziaływania nadtlenku wapnia na aktywność wybranych enzymów oksydoredukcyjnych w glebie lekkiej skażonej przepracowanym olejem silnikowym

Węgrzynowski Ł., Curyło K., Konieczna D., Telesiński A.

Chemistry, Environment, Biotechnology

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2018

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Vol. 21

14--18

PL

Celem podjętych badań było określenie oddziaływania nadtlenku wapnia na aktywność dehydrogenaz oraz oksydazy o-difenolowej w glebie zanieczyszczonej przepracowanym olejem silnikowym. Doświadczenie laboratoryjne przeprowadzono na piasku gliniastym o zawartości Corg 8.71 g·kg-1. Do próbek gleby wprowadzono w różnych kombinacjach przepracowany olej silnikowy (w ilościach: 0, 10 i 50 g·kg-1s.m. gleby) oraz nadtlenek wapnia (w ilościach: 0, 200 i 400 mg·kg-1s.m. gleby). Wilgotność próbek gleby doprowadzono do 60% maksymalnej pojemności wodnej i przechowywano w szczelnie zamkniętych szklanych pojemnikach w temperaturze 20°C. We wszystkich kombinacjach oznaczono w 1., 7., 14. i 28. dniu doświadczenia aktywność dehydrogenaz oraz oksydazy o-difenolowej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że aktywność dehydrogenaz w glebie zanieczyszczonej przepracowanym olejem silnikowym uległa podwyższeniu w stosunku do gleby kontrolnej, podczas gdy aktywność oksydazy o-difenolowej była hamowana. Aplikacja nadtlenku wapnia do gleby niezawierającej przepracowanego oleju silnikowego w niewielki sposób oddziaływała na aktywność oznaczanych oksydo-reduktaz. Trudno jednoznacznie ocenić kierunek zmian aktywności dehydrogenaz oraz oksydazy o-difenolowej w glebie skażonej przepracowanym olejem silnikowym po aplikacji nadtlenku wapnia.

EN

The aim of study was to assess the effect of calcium peroxide on the activity of dehydrogenases and o-diphenol oxidase in soil contaminated with spent engine oil. The laboratory experiment was carried out on loamy sand with Corg content 8.71 g·kg-1. For the soil samples, various combinations of spent engine oil (at the doses of: 0, 10 and 50 g·kg-1DW soil) and calcium peroxide (at the doses of: 0, 200 and 400 mg·g-1DW soil) were added. Samples were adjusted to 60% maximum water holding capacity, and they were incubated in tightly closed glass containers at 20°C. In all combinations, the activity of dehydrogenases and o-diphenol oxidase was determined on days 1., 7., 14., and 28. Obtained results showed that activity of dehydrogenases in the soil contaminated with spent engine oil was increased, compared to the control, while the o-diphenol oxidase activity was inhibited. The application of calcium peroxide to soil without spent engine oil resulted in a small effect on the activity of the oxidoreductases. It is difficult to unambiguously assess the direction of changes in the activity of dehydrogenases and o-diphenol oxidase in soil contaminated with spent engine oil after the treatment of calcium peroxide.

17

Krzem w produktach naftowych : problemy techniczne i wyzwania analityczne

Kowalewska Z., Gościniak Ł., Pilarczyk J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 4

781--786

PL

Krzem pochodzący z ropy naftowej, resztek katalizatora, środków przeciwpiennych (siloksany) lub pyłu atmosferycznego (zanieczyszczenie) występuje w produktach naftowych na poziomie od poniżej 1 μg/kg do kilkuset mg/kg. Omówiono problemy oznaczania Si w produktach naftowych, pojawiające się przy stosowaniu znormalizowanych procedur analitycznych oraz ujawnione w badaniach naukowych: wysokie ryzyko zanieczyszczenia, straty lotnych form, obecność nierozpuszczonych cząstek nieorganicznych, interferencje spektralne, trudności kalibracji w związku z charakterem i zmiennością matrycy i/lub bogatą specjacją analitu.

EN

A review, with 105 ref., of Si occurrence in petroleum products and anal. problems in the Si detn.

18

Badanie stabilności fazowej produktów naftowych metodą turbidymetryczną

Lorek A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 4

737--740

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań stabilności fazowej wysokowrzącego produktu naftowego zawierającego asfalteny. Na postawie badań wytypowano dodatek poprawiający stabilność oraz jego optymalne stężenie. Zastosowanie rekomendowanego dodatku w technologii przerobu produktów naftowych pozwoli na ograniczenie ilości wytrąconych osadów asfaltenowych, a w konsekwencji do zmniejszenia liczby przerw w pracy instalacji produkcyjnych.

EN

Five dispersing agents were added to heavy petroleum products to limit the sedimentation of asphaltenes. The efficiency of dispersing agents was detd. by turbidymetry. The agents based on PhOH resins, PhC₁₂H₂₅ and polyalkylaromatics were the most efficient.

19

Modelling the impact of microbial contamination of fuel filtration efficiency

Krakowski R.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 2

133--136

EN

In this paper the concept of filtration and the problem of microbial contamination occurring in the fuels and oils was presented. Then the factors influencing the growth of bacteria in petroleum products were described in detail. In the next part of the article modeling of the impact of fuel microbial contamination on filtration efficiency was performed. The modeling presented in the article is an example showing how undesirable phenomenon is the microbial contamination and how pollution affects the other elements of the entire system. As part of the modeling, numerical model of filtration with the solution was presented. Then analysis results on the basis of the impurities concentration characteristics in the fuel as a function of the fouling thickness in the partition of the filter is performed. The development of impurities was divided into three stages. In the article for one case the trend line was presented. The article was completed conclusions.

20

Zastosowanie dodatków dyspergujących w celu poprawy stabilności paliw pozostałościowych

Duda A., Ziemiański L., Żak G., Markowski J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 2

290--292

PL

Przeprowadzono badania mające na celu dobór dodatku poprawiającego stabilność paliw pozostałościowych oraz opracowanie pakietu z udziałem takiego dodatku. Wykonano syntezy dodatków oraz skomponowano pakiety z ich udziałem.

EN

Three fuel additives based on Mannich bases and alkenylsuccinimide were prepd. and added as packages to heating oils. The addn. resulted in a limitation of deposit formation.