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1

Effects of agricultural polluting factors on the environment

Ertop Hasan, Atilgan Atilgan, Saltuk Burak

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2024

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Vol. 19, No. 1.1

5--22

EN

Some practices such as fertilisation and pesticide use are carried out in order to obtain high yields in agricultural production. However, as a result of these practices, agricultural pollutants may occur as a result of incorrect agricultural practices. Problems such as water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, nutrient imbalance, salination in soils, eutrophication in waters, beneficial microorganisms in soils and damage to human and animal health occur due to faulty fertilisation and pesticide applications, misuse of agricultural soils, and inaccuracies in the disposal of plastic wastes. In this study, the literature on agricultural polluting factors was examined and it was aimed to raise awareness about agricultural pollution by explaining the harms of agricultural polluting factors to the environment and the health of living beings and by trying to offer solutions. Within the scope of this targeted awareness, this study; It is aimed to raise the awareness of producers in future production processes and to provide a stepping stone for scientific studies on this subject.

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Badania nad właściwościami agregacyjnymi surfaktantów w kontekście projektowania i wytwarzania detergentów przeznaczonych do mycia owoców i warzyw, z uwzględnieniem wysokiej zdolności usuwania pozostałości pestycydów

Hordyjewicz-Baran Zofia, Wasilewski Tomasz, Zarębska Magdalena, Seweryn Artur, Stanek-Wandzel Natalia, Zajszły-Turko Ewa, Chrobak Justyna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 7

689--694

PL

Specyficzne zachowanie niejonowych związków powierzchniowo czynnych w pobliżu tzw. punktu zmętnienia zostało wykorzystane w nowatorskim podejściu do projektowania i wytwarzania skutecznych i bezpiecznych detergentów do mycia owoców i warzyw, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zdolności do usuwania pozostałości pestycydów. Zastosowanie niejonowych związków powierzchniowo czynnych daje możliwość wymywania, zwłaszcza hydrofobowych pozostałości pestycydów z powierzchni owoców, a następnie przeniesienia ich do kąpieli myjącej na drodze solubilizacji micelarnej. Opracowany detergent wykazywał wysoką skuteczność w usuwaniu pozostałości pestycydów przy zachowaniu bezpieczeństwa stosowania pod kątem małego potencjału podrażnienia skóry. Wysoką wydajność i bezpieczeństwo stosowania detergentów powiązano z zależnym od temperatury zachowaniem niejonowych surfaktantów podczas procesu agregacji. Zrozumienie zależnego od temperatury zachowania mieszanin niejonowych związków powierzchniowo czynnych przyczyni się do efektywnego wykorzystania tych związków do opracowania wysoce wydajnych, a zarazem bezpiecznych detergentów przeznaczonych do mycia owoców i warzyw.

EN

The compn. of a model detergent based on poly(oxyethylene) alkyl ethers was developed and analyzed in terms of cloud point, surface tension, micelle size and zein number. A soln. of a model detergent with a concn. of 1% by mass was used to wash apples (Malus domestica Champion), previously contaminated with pesticides (acetamiprid, boscalid, pyraclostrobin and pendimethalin). After washing, the apples were rinsed on a sieve with cold tap water, left to dry for 4 h at room temp., and then frozen. Fruits were subjected to QuEChERS extn. and the resulting extracts were analyzed by LC/MS to assess the effectiveness of removing pesticide residues. The developed detergent showed high efficiency in removing pesticide residues while remaining safe to use in terms of low skin irritation potential.

3

Organic Micropollutants from an Agricultural Drainage Ditch Contaminate a Shrimp Farm in Sinaloa (Mexico)

Moeder Monika, Carranza-Diaz Otoniel, López-Angulo Gabriela, Ahumada-Santos Yesmi Patricia, Schrader Steffi, Reemtsma Thorsten, Delgado-Vargas Francisco

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

143--152

EN

Among nutrients and pesticides, agricultural draining ditches also transport pollutants discharged with untreated wastewater from the municipalities adjoining the ditch. When the ditch water is used for irrigation and aquaculture, risks for the environment and food production are suggested. For the conducted field study, a shrimp farm in Sinaloa (Mexico) was used to trace organic pollutants (pesticides and pharmaceutical residues) on their way from an agricultural draining ditch to a shrimp farm fed partially by the drain water. The concentrations of pollutants in the drain water ranged from 10 ng L-1 to 453 ng L-1. The pond water of the shrimp farm contained concentrations between <10 ng L-1 and 177 ng L-1. The shrimps were contaminated by pollutants at concentrations between 40 μg kg-1 d.w. (dry weight) to 3.3 mg kg-1 d.w. (fungicide Metalaxyl). Health risks for the cultivated shrimps cannot be excluded because some pesticides are known for their toxic effects to crustaceans. The concentrations of selected antibiotics in the shrimps were low and comparable with those found in the shrimps declared as seawater shrimps from a German supermarket. The incorporation of the antibiotics was probably caused by contact to the wastewater in the shrimp ponds and/or by contaminated shrimp feed. Additionally to the anthropogenic chemicals, coliforms were determined in the water (total coliforms: 30-50 CFU 100 mL-1; fecal coliforms: 0-20 CFU 100 mL-1). These values agree with the Mexican Norm NOM-242-SSA1-2009 representing a microbiological quality of water adequate for aquaculture. The number of coliforms measured in shrimp was higher than in pond water, suggesting bioaccumulation and a potential health risk for consumers.

4

Fertilizers and Pesticides Impact on Surface-Active Substances Accumulation in the Dark Gray Podzolic Soils

Litvinova Olena, Tonkha Oksana, Havryliuk Oleksandr, Litvinov Dmytrо, Symochko Lyudmyla, Dehodiuk Stanislav, Zhyla Roman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

119--127

EN

The article reports on a study that examined the impact of agrochemicals on the levels of surfactants in soil. Specifically, the study found that the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides led to an increase in the levels of anionic surfactants (ASA) in the soil. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of fertilizers and pesticides had a greater effect on ASA levels than either factor alone. The use of pesticides also led to an increase in non-ionic surfactants (NSA), while the use of fertilizers resulted in a decrease in NSA levels. The study also found that the increase in the levels of mobile forms of key nutrients in the soil was associated with the accumulation of ASA in lower layers of the soil profile.The amount of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen under the low protection system increased by 3.0–23.2 mg kg-1 soil, mobile phosphorus by 14.0–144.0 mg P2O5, and exchangeable potassium by 9.0–222.0 mg K2O per kg soil, compared to the control. With the complex use of fertilizers and pesticides in one block, a trend of increasing mobile forms of nutrients in the soil was observed. The distribution of ASA amount in the soil profile is descending. The clear presence of ASA was established only in the soil layer of 0–40 cm. An increase of ASA content in the soil due to the use of agrochemicals and fertilizers is observed up to a depth of 60–80 cm. Using biological elements in agriculture significantly reduces the amount of these substances in the soil profile.

5

Evaluation of Pesticide and Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Properties and Microbiota in Thailand’s Mountainous Region

Kroeksakul Patarapong, Ngamniyom Arin, Silprasit Kun, Sutthisaksopon Phanom, Sriyapai Thayat, Phowan Naphat, Singhaboot Pakjirat

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

331--344

EN

The article aims to investigate the state of soil elements in upland agriculture and the state of pesticide contamination in the environment of differing highland agricultural areas in Thailand. The number of heavy metals present was Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd, dominant pesticide contamination in the carbamate group is methomyl (0.11 mg/kg), and the organochlorine group is triazophos (0.02 mg/kg). Pesticide contamination was found to positively and significantly correlate with the soil’s total N and Fe content (p < 0.01). In the soil microbes, the dominant genera of Aquabacterium were found at the highland agriculture site H1, Massilia at H2, and Sphingomonas at H3.

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Environmental Risks of the Pesticide Use in Agrocenoses and Their Management

Lishchuk Alla, Parfenyk Alla, Horodyska Іnna, Boroday Vira, Ternovyi Yurii, Tymoshenko Liudmyla

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

199--212

EN

The article is devoted to the development of methodical approaches to the management of environmental risks due to pesticide contamination of agrocenoses. An assessment of ecological risks due to the use of pesticides was carried out at the scientific research field of the Skvirskaya research station of organic production of the IAP of the National Academy of Sciences during the growing seasons of 2019–2021. The methods of assessing the ecological risks of potential pesticide contamination of agrocenoses based on the indicators of the agroecotoxicological index (AETI) and the ecotoxic impact of harmful substances (E) were used on the natural environment. It was shown that the level of environmental risk due to the use of pesticides in the research field of the station according to the weighted average indices (AETI) is characterized as low – risk, and the environmental risk due to the pesticides using is minimal. According to indicators of ecotoxicity (E), the pesticides that were used are characterized as having a low potential ecotoxic risk of impact on agrocenoses of cultivated plants. However, the total pesticide ecotoxicological load (ΣЕ = 0.425 compared to the standard EDDT = 1) indicates the possibility of disruption of ecological connectivities in the agroecosystem. One of the elements of environmental risk management can be the assessment of the pesticide load on agroecosystems and considering of the territory ability to self-clean. In order to minimize the environmental risks of pesticide contamination of agrocenoses, measures should be taken to regulate the use of chemical plant protection agents. This can be done by banning or limiting the use of pesticides that have a high level of ecotoxicity and are persistent in the soil. This will contribute to increasing the ecological safety of agro-ecosystems and the natural environment.

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Usage of scientific elaborations performed by the lecturers during the educational process on the patterns of phytopathology as an educational discipline

Cherkis Tetiana, Batova Olena, Shvydenko Inna

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

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2022

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T. 14

101--108

EN

The experience of teaching Phytopathology as an educational discipline is being examined in this article. This article shows how a separate topic (theme) can be used in the educational process for intensive learning and better mastering the subject; for assistance in solving specialized and practical problems of professional activity in the sphere of growing decorative plants, creating and exploiting the objects of the park-garden management; in teaching of growing the planting material of decorative plants both in the open air (nurseries) and greenhouses. Varieties of encouraging and stimulating the interest to mastering the subject have been exposed.

PL

W artykule omawiane są doświadczenia nauczania Fitopatologii, jako dyscypliny edukacyjnej. Artykuł ten pokazuje, jak osobny temat można wykorzystać w procesie edukacyjnym do intensywnego uczenia się i lepszego opanowania przedmiotu. Może stanowić pomoc w rozwiązywaniu specjalistycznych i praktycznych problemów działalności zawodowej w zakresie uprawy roślin ozdobnych, tworzenia i eksploatacji obiektów gospodarki parkowo-ogrodowej, a także nauczaniu uprawy materiału do sadzenia roślin ozdobnych, zarówno na wolnym powietrzu (szkółki), jak i w szklarniach. Wyeksponowane zostały odmiany, zachęcające do opanowania tematu i pobudzające zainteresowania.

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Assessment of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine activity, apoptosis, acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activity in Capoeta umbla brain exposed to chlorpyrifos

Kirici Mahinur

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 2

167--177

EN

In this study, neurotoxic responses to exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) at different doses (55 and 110 μg l-1) and at different time intervals (24 and 96 h) were investigated in Siraz fish (Capoeta umbla) using 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) activity, caspase-3, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR)]. In this study, the LC50 value of CPF was deterined for the first time for C. umbla and calculated as 440 μg l-1. In this study, 12.5% (55 μg l-1) and 25% (110 μg l-1) of the LC50 value were used. The obtained data indicate a significant increase in the MDA level and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes in the brain (p < 0.05). Considering DNA damage and the apoptotic process, no significant changes were found in 8-OHdG and caspase-3 activity at both doses exposed for 24 h, but a significant increase was detected in both markers at 96 hours compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the case of AChE activity, which is one of the neurotoxic markers in the brain, while inhibition was determined only at the high concentration (110 μg l-1) at the end of 24 hours, a decrease in enzyme activity was observed at the end of 96 hours in both concentration groups. In the light of all these results, we can say that CPF showed inhibitory effects on enzyme activity and inducing effects on MDA, caspase-3 and 8-OHdG levels. Based on these results, it can be concluded that CPF contributes to oxidative stress in fish and may have neurotoxic effects.

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The modern paradigm of the agricultural technological process efficiency: A review

Tyupakov Konstantin E., Dikinov Andzor K., Ortskhanova Maryam A., Musayeva Kheda M., Bolotina Evgeniya A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 53

224--228

EN

At present, a deep transformation of the agrobiocenose organisation under the intense anthropogenic factors’ influence is of particular importance. Thus, a significant increase in the number and harmfulness of pests’, phytopathogens’ and weeds species was noted due to the prevailing favourable conditions for their mass reproduction, expansion of habitats, and harmfulness, which inevitably leads to a significant deterioration in the phytosanitary state of cultivated crops. The phytosanitary trouble of agrobiocenoses allows us to say that today plant protection, being the final link in the cultivating technology for agricultural crops, is one of the most important stages in preserving the harvest improving the quality of the products obtained, and reducing their cost. In the current study it was tried to review the modern paradigm of the agricultural technological process efficiency. The relevance of this research is due to the fact that modern technological processes in agriculture cannot be implemented without the practical use of plant protection measures, in particular, the chemical method, which consists in the use of chemical compounds against pathogens of plants, pests, weeds, and is the most common, contributing to a significant increase in the yield of cultivated crops and labour productivity in agricultural production. All this, in our opinion, indicates the high practical significance of the results obtained.

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The Use and Potential Impacts of Pesticides in Chili Farming in the Thanh Binh District, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam

Mi Le Thi Diem, Giao Nguyen Thanh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

1--11

EN

The study aimed to evaluate the current status and potential risks of pesticide use of 23 chili growing households in the Thanh Binh district, Dong Thap province, Vietnam. The result shows that farmers used a total of 40 commercial pesticide names with 43 active ingredients, of which two active ingredients, i.e. Benomyl and Fipronil, were banned. The frequency of pesticide spraying for chili protection averaged at 8.93 times/crop, for weed control at 1.83 times/crop, for pests at 12.43 times/crop, for disease control at 14.48 times/crop and for chili growth promoting at 4.82 times/crop. Farmers sprayed pesticides with higher doses than recommended on the labels when pests and diseases occurred on chili farm. The active ingredients in powder and liquid pesticides of Mancozeb, Metalaxyl, Propined, Difenoconazole, Abamectin and Azoxystrobin have been frequently used with estimated concentrations of 5023±3886.36, 337.71±237.50, 4093.92±3628.57, 289.27±264.73, 31.60±29.02 and 652.57±468.35 g/L/ha, respectively. The predicted amounts of ineffective use of such pesticides as Benomyl, Cypermethrin, Fosetylaluminium, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Buprofezin, Chlorfenapyr and Difenoconazole, could pose great risks to the environment and humans. Burning is the main method chosen by chili farmers in the treatment of pesticide packaging after use. The study suggests local environmental managers should train farmers in the use and management of pesticide wastes more appropriately.

11

Transport parameters of selected neonicotinoids in different aquifer materials using batch sorption tests

Pietrzak Damian, Kania Jarosław, Kmiecik Ewa

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 4

367--379

EN

Contamination of surface and groundwater by neonicotinoids is a global problem and requires comprehensive action by individual countries in order to identify in detail the processes affecting the transport of these pesticides, their properties, and their harmfulness to the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the transport (expressed by sorption parameters) of selected neonicotinoids in the aquatic environment, using batch tests. Tests were carried out for acetamiprid individually and a mixture of five neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam), for three different aquifer materials and quartz sand. Based on the obtained values of the sorption parameters, the greatest sorption of neonicotinoids was observed on soil with the highest content of organic matter and clay minerals content, while no sorption of these pesticides was observed on quartz sand. In addition, it was noticed that individual neonicotinoids undergo sorption to a different degree — thiacloprid was the most sorbed (R-value in the range 3.13–26.03), while thiamethoxam was the least (R-value in the range 1.89–8.41).

12

Study of Harmful Effects of Pesticides, Especially Seed Producers, on the Components of Agrocenosis

Trokhymenko Ganna G., Grushyna Olga G., Marynets Oleksandr M., Blahodatnyi Volodymyr V.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

102--109

EN

The paper shows that seed and planting material treatment is the most economical and least dangerous way to use pesticides. The formula of ecotoxicity calculation for comparing the danger level of soil pollution by various substances was given. The analysis of influence of some seed disinfectants: Black Jack (active substances – humic acids (19–21%) and fulvic acid (3–5%); Kelpak (active substances – auxins (11 mg/l), cytoxins (0.03 mg/l); Dalila (imidacloprid 600 g/l); Impact K (flutriafol (117.5 g/l) and carbendazim 250 g/l) on various groups of plants, soils and microorganisms was carried out. It was proven that the use of drugs with fungicidal action causes a certain effect on some soil parameters, mostly due to the effect on the microbiological activity of the soil. The results obtained in the research show that each of the chemical compounds, which is the active substance of the studied pesticides, does not have a significant detrimental effect on the rhizosphere biota when used separately; however, regular use of chemical pesticides can lead to an irreversible disturbance of the natural microbial balance in the soil and a gradual loss of fertility. Much attention is paid to the study of soil organisms, in particular earthworms, which have become the main test species in the tests to assess the toxicity of new xenobiotics, as well as to calculate the risks of adverse effects of pollutants on the environment. It was shown that pesticides of different nature of action have varying effects on soil microbiota and earthworms. Studies have shown that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with pesticides has undeniable economic, organizational and technological advantages over other methods of applying chemical plant protection products. The calculation of the ecological danger of pesticides was carried out and it was concluded that pre-sowing seed treatment can be called an ecologically low-hazardous measure. The paper recommended the main ways to prevent the increase of the negative impact of pesticides (including seed disinfectants) on the environment.

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A review on advances and perspectives of glyphosate determination : challenges and opportunities

Kocadal Kumsal, Alkas Fehmi Burak, Battal Dilek, Saygi Sahan

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 3

89-98

EN

Glyphosate is an inhibitor of the shikimate pathway in plants and the most widely used broad-spectrum herbicide. Due to the abundance of its use, there exists a necessity to measure the levels both in humans and in the environment to control the nefarious outcomes of its use. The appropriateness, selectivity, and the specificity of the employed analytical methods are crucial for the reliability of the resultant deductions when conducting biomonitoring studies on possible exposure to chemicals, whether the samples are biological or environmental in nature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the analytical techniques used to monitor glyphosate levels in human and environmental samples. A detailed web-based literature search was conducted to gather data on the analytical techniques used for glyphosate determination. The most preferred authentic samples are blood, urine, and milk. Environmental samples include plants, soil, and water. Among widely used analytical techniques used to detect glyphosate are High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Depending on the sample and study, the most suitable analytical method has been selected. A critical evaluation and publication of pre-existing literature on analytical methods in glyphosate-based herbicide detection will thus aid all relevant researchers in the determination of an appropriate, selective, and specific methodology.

14

Ochrona roślin na terenach zieleni w miastach

Baranowski Tadeusz

Zieleń Miejska

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2021

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Nr 5

40--43

PL

Mówiąc o ochronie roślin, najczęściej mamy na myśli stosowanie chemicznych środków ochrony roślin. Od szeregu lat zgodnie z zaleceniami Unii Europejskiej następuje wycofywanie wielu pestycydów, szczególnie tych, które mają negatywny wpływ na układ endokrynnych człowieka i zwierząt stałocieplnych, a także tych, które wykazują brak selektywności dla organizmów pożytecznych i zapylaczy oraz w sposób długotrwały ujemnie oddziałują na środowisko.

15

Pestycydy jako źródło zagrożenia środowiskowego dla owadów zapylających : edukacja ekologiczna

Bąk-Badowska Jolanta, Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona, Gworek Barbara, Szajner Jarosław, Wójtowicz Bożena, Suwara Irena, Chmielewski Jarosław

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 3

268--274

PL

Owady zapylające, wśród nich pszczoły, są bardzo ważnym ogniwem w procesie produkcji żywności. Szacunki wykazują, że dokonują one ponad 80% zapyleń roślin uprawnych. Ochrona upraw przed chwastami i różnego rodzaju chorobami prowadzona jest od kilkudziesięciu lat z wykorzystaniem coraz to nowszych substancji chemicznych, a także z wykorzystaniem metod integrowanych. Przedstawione w niniejszym opracowaniu wyniki prowadzonych na świecie badań naukowych wskazują na zdecydowanie negatywny wpływ pestycydów na rozwój i przeżywalność pszczołowatych. Wykazano, że wpływają one na zmniejszenie, a nawet zanik populacji tych pożytecznych owadów, co w konsekwencji powoduje straty w gospodarce żywnościowej. Znalezienie równowagi między koniecznością ochrony upraw a dobrostanem owadów zapylających staje się dzisiaj pilnym i koniecznym wyzwaniem dla nauki.

EN

A review, with 82 refs., of pesticides and their effects on the bees.

16

Eliminacja chlorfenwinfosu z oczyszczonych ścieków komunalnych w procesach zaawansowanego utleniania

Zawadzki Piotr

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 3

275--277

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań procesów zaawansowanego utleniania chlorfenwinfosu z rzeczywistego strumienia ścieków komunalnych. Stopień eliminacji chlorfenwinfosu wyniósł 26–82% w zależności od zastosowanego procesu doczyszczania. Stwierdzono, że zaawansowane procesy utleniania stanowią interesującą alternatywę dla klasycznych procesów oczyszczania, w szczególności jako IV lub V etap doczyszczania ścieków.

EN

Chlorfenvinphos (CFVP) was added to samples of treated municipal wastewater and oxidized in the presence of TiO₂ and UV, O₃ and UV radiation or sulfate radicals generated in the presence of Na₂S₂O₈, glucose and visible light (PDS + Vis) for 10 and 20 min. The CFVP content in the tested samples was detd. by HPLC method. The highest degree of CFVP degrdn. (82%) was obtained using the PDS + Vis method.

17

Influence of pesticides on the biological activity of light chestnut soils in South-East Kazakhstan

Tukenova Zulfiya, Mustafayev Mustafa, Alimzhanova Mereke, Akylbekova Turar, Ashimuly Kazhybek

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 48

141--147

EN

The paper discusses the impact of pesticides on the biological activity of soils, as well as an environmental assessment of the state of light chestnut soils by the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production with the aim to establish diagnostic indicators that reduce biological activity. The study covers physical, chemical and biological properties of soils under crops of winter wheat in the light chestnut soil in the South-East of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The content of pesticides in soil samples was determined using the gas chromatography mass-spectrometric method. The paper shows results of the chromatographic analysis of soil samples regarding the content of pesticides. The study of changes of light chestnut soil biological activity was conducted to determine their relative resistance to pesticide contamination. Data obtained revealed the degree of light chestnut soil resistance to pesticide contamination. The study also identified species of soil invertebrates, as well as soil enzymes that should be used as bioindicators for the monitoring of the contamination with pesticides. Results obtained expand knowledge about changes in the biological activity of light chestnut soils due to pesticide contamination in the ecosystems of South-East Kazakhstan. In contrast to abundance indicators, the results suggest that the species composition of soil organisms can be used as a criterion for a qualitative assessment of the soil exposure to pesticides.

18

W trosce o bezpieczeństwo żywności

Bulska Ewa, Witkowska Ewa, Bartoń Maciej

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2021

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nr 2

58--61

PL

Bezpieczeństwo żywności jest niezmiernie ważne nie tylko pod względem prawnym, ale również interesuje każdego z nas osobiście – zależy nam na zdrowym odżywianiu, na kupowaniu produktów bezpiecznych, spełniających określone wcześniej wymagania. Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa żywności jest możliwe dzięki codziennej pracy laboratoriów badających między innymi pozostałości pestycydów.

19

Removal of Pesticides from Wastewater by the Use of Constructed Wetlands

Ignatowicz Katarzyna, Puchlik Monika, Łozowicki Jakub

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 1

219--223

EN

The purpose of the work was to determine the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment contaminated with a mixture of pesticides at varying deposit load. The efficiency of purification in the case of eight pesticides equaled 99.8%, and the removal effect of azoxystrobin reached 93%, while that of thiachloprid – 96%. The constructed wetland ensured high removal of organic matter expressed as BOD and COD, as well as reduction in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Studies showed a clear impact of the deposit load on the effectiveness of pesticide removal, BOD and COD parameters, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen.

20

Interaction of selected pesticides with mineral and organic soil components

Barchańska Hanna, Czaplicka Marianna, Kyzioł-Komosińska Joanna

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2020

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Vol. 46, no. 3

80--91

EN

The pesticide persistence, in particular in soils, often significantly exceeding the declarations of their manufacturers is surprising. There are many publications devoted to the explanation of this phenomenon in the fi eld literature, but the diverse research methodologies used may lead to the ambiguous conclusions. On the basis of the collected literature, the attempt was made to systematize the available information on the interactions of commonly used groups of pesticides with individual soil components. The complex mechanisms of interactions between pesticides and soil based on van der Waals forces, ionic and covalent bonding, ligand exchange and charge transfer complexes formation were demonstrated. It was also proved that the nature of interactions is strictly dependent on the structure of the pesticide molecule. The conclusion of the review may contribute to the choice of plant protection products that, in addition to their effectiveness, are as little ballast for the environment as possible.