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Przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu papierniczego na „Liście 500” w 2014 roku

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2015

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R. 71, nr 5

245--246, 248

PL

Produkcja papieru i tektury na świecie w 2013 r. (tylko dane z 2013 r. są obecnie dostępne) wyniosła 402,60 mln ton (rok wcześniej 399,98 mln ton), co daje średnią produkcję na jednego mieszkańca na rok w wysokości przeszło 59,5 kg. Najwięcej papieru i tektury, w stosunku do całkowitej produkcji papieru na świecie, wyprodukowano w Chinach (26,0%), w krajach europejskich należących do CEPI (22,6%), i w USA (18,3%) (1).

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Przemysł papierniczy w Polsce w I kwartale 2014 roku

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2014

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R. 70, nr 6

301--304, 306

PL

Według prognoz Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego globalny produkt krajowy brutto zwiększy się w 2014 r. w skali roku o 3,6% (wobec 3,0% w 2013 r.). Istotny wpływ na tempo rozwoju gospodarczego na świecie w 2014 r. będzie miała wysoka dynamika PKB w krajach rozwijających się. Poprawę dynamiki gospodarczej prognozuje się w Indiach (5,4%) i Rep. Południowej Afryki (2,3%), natomiast osłabienie tempa wzrostu przewiduje się w Chinach (do 7,5%) oraz Brazylii (1,8%). Relatywnie wysoki wzrost PKB w 2014 r. odnotują Stany Zjednoczone (2,8%) i Japonia (1,4%).

EN

In the first quarter of 2014, the economic situation in Poland was strengthened. Sold production of an industrial sector was higher by 4.8% than in the same period of the previous year. All the sectors recorded a growth in the sold production except energy related goods. Retail sales were increased by 5.5% (1). Thanks to the latest investment projects, the paper industry in Poland has resisted recession and kept its competitive position on the external markets. When compared to the first quarter of 2013, exports of paper and board went up by 4%, paper and board products increased by 10%. Paper and board production was 1 027 000 t and it was 6.3% higher than in the same period of 2013.

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Przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu papierniczego na „Liście 500” w 2013 roku

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2014

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R. 70, nr 5

241--242, 244

PL

Produkcja papieru i tektury na świecie w 2012 r. (tylko dane z 2012 r. są obecnie dostępne) wyniosła 399,98 mln ton (rok wcześniej 399,0 mln ton), co daje średnią produkcję na jednego mieszkańca na rok przeszło 59,1 kg. Najwięcej papieru i tektury, w stosunku do całkowitej produkcji papieru na świecie, wyprodukowano w Chinach (25,6%), w krajach europejskich należących do CEPI (23,0%) i w USA (18,6%) (1).

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Produkcja i zużycie papieru i tektury w Polsce w 2013 roku na tle krajów europejskich

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2014

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R. 70, nr 9

499--502, 504--506, 508--509

PL

Zużycie papieru i tektury w 18 krajach europejskich należących do CEPI (Confederation of European Paper Industries) w 2013 r. wyniosło 76,4 mln ton. W krajach tych wyprodukowano łącznie 91,1 mln ton papieru i tektury. Produkcja papieru i tektury w krajach CEPI stanowi ok. 22,8% produkcji światowej, nieco więcej niż w Ameryce Płn. i znacznie mniej niż w Azji (1).

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Paper Industry in Poland in the 1st quarter of 2014

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2014

|

R. 70, nr 6

307--309

EN

In the first quarter of 2014, the economic situation in Poland was strengthened. Sold production of an industrial sector was higher by 4.8% than in the same period of the previous year. All the sectors recorded a growth in the sold production except energy related goods. Retail sales were increased by 5.5%.

6

Paper and Board Production and Consumption 2013 in Poland

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2014

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R. 70, nr 9

510, 512--513

EN

In 2013, 10 member companies of the Association of Polish Papermakers’ Paper Section produced 3,264,100 t of paper and board. It accounts for 79.5% of total production in Poland. 2 paper mills produced 1,070,700 t of paper for printing purposes (3.3% up), 2 mills produced 1,884,600 t of packaging grades (an increase of 13.3%), 6 – 308,700 t of household and sanitary papers (an increase of 6.2%).

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Europejska polityka w zakresie recyklingu

Żubrzak M.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2014

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R. 70, nr 2

69

PL

Średni światowy wskaźnik zużycia makulatury wynosi 57%. Wiodącym w Europie pod względem zużycia makulatury jest przemysł niemiecki – 71%.

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Zużycie i produkcja papieru i tektury w Polsce w 2008 roku na tle krajów europejskich

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2009

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R. 65, nr 9

513-524

9

Porównanie szybkości sorpcji papierów i tektur oraz wykonywanych z nich kątowników do opakowań

Klepaczka A.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2007

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R. 63, nr 1

50-52

PL

Określono i porównano szybkości procesów sorpcji wybranych papierów, tektur oraz wykonywanych z nich kątowników stosowanych jako elementy konstrukcyjne opakowań. Procesy sorpcji wilgoci przebiegały w środowisku wilgotnego powietrza o temperaturze ok. 26 ° C i wilgotności względnej 50 albo 90%. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, ze szybkości sorpcji kątowników były znacznie mniejsze w porównaniu z papierami i tekturami, z których te kątowniki byty wytwarzane. Odpowiednio dłuższe były czasy osiągania stanu równoważnej zawartości wilgoci w kątownikach a w szczególności posiadających powlekana warstwą zewnętrzną. Takie kątowniki cechują się wysoką odpornością na działanie wilgoci.

EN

The moisture sorption rates for selected papers, boards and packaging angles made of them have been investigated and compared. Moisture sorption processes were carried out in air at relative humidity of 50 or 90% and temperature of 26 ° C. From experimental results it was found that sorption rates of the angles were considerably smaller comparing to the papers and boards used for angles production. Adequately longer are the times of equilibrium moisture content attaining in angles, particularly with coated paper used as outer layer of the angles. Thus such angles are more moisture-proof.

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O sposobach poprawy gładkości powierzchni różnych papierów i tektur

Klepaczka A. [oprac.]

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 8

435-436

11

Niskogramaturowe papiery na tekturnicy : Dlaczego więcej problemów? Jak sobie z nimi radzić?

Motylewski M.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 5

255-258

12

Materiały i wyroby do kontaktu z żywnością - wymagania w świetle obowiązujących regulacji prawnych

Ćwiek-Ludwicka K.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 3

135-138

13

Jakość makulatury a problemy technologiczne przy jej przerobie

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 11

647-650

14

Perspektywy rozwoju rynku odpadów opakowaniowych z papieru i tektury

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2005

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R. 61, nr 10

593-596

EN

In 2004 Poland used 82.2 kg per person of paper and board, whereas the average consumption in the EU amounted to 193.4 kg. There is no doubt that although paper and board consumption continues to grow it is still very Iow when compared to Western Europe, not to mention the USA. The economic growth, higher purchasing power, better exports' results, changing consumers' habits stimulate the market and create new trends in the production development. The economic and social development of Poland should be supported by the high growth, representing around 5% of the GDP. According to the preliminary project of the National Development Plan (NDP) 2007-2013, basedon the macroeconomic forecast covering the period of 2005-2020, the average rate of economic growth is eupected to amount to 5,2%. It means that the annual convergention rate will rise from 2.2% to 2.5%. The growth of the GDP, consumption and investments will appear as a result of the EU transfers. As regards the supply, the long-term growth is possible mainly owing to the integration with the European Union. In terms of demand the economic development will be supported by investments and domestic consumption. The growth rate of private consumption will be slightly slower than the GDP growth, amounting to 3.9% from 2005 to 2006, 5.3% from 2007 to 2013 and 5% from 2014 to 2020. The investments will grow by 12,7% annually from 2005 to 2006; 8.7% from 2007 to 2013 and 4.7% from 2014-2020. Poland has an open economy. Exceeding significantly the GDP growth rate, the trade dynamics shows that the potential to strengthen the open character of the economy still exists. The export recovery 2003-2004 had its origins both in the exchange rates and restructuring activities undertaken by the companies in the time of economic stagnation dating back to years 2001 - 2002. In 2003 the productivity growth connected with a 9% decline of wage costsin the industry contributed to better competitmeness of the Polish industry. In years to come, the demand for investment goods is expected to grow. Therefore the import dynamics shall be higher than the export dynamics particularly at the beginning of Poland's membership in the European Union. Year 2012 should see this trend reversed and as a result exports should grow again. Analyzing the impact ofthe NDP macroeconomic factors on the paper and board consumption in Poland it is assumed that the per capita consumption 2007 in Poland may reach 93 kg annually, in 2010 around 103 kg and 124 kg in 2015. Baring in mind the fact that Poland has to obtain certain recovery and recycling targets of packaging waste and reduction of biodegradable waste intended for land filling the collection of recovered paper has to be increased as follows: - paper and board packaging waste by 35% in 2007, around 65% in 2010, doubled in 2015 - printed paper waste such as newspaper, magazines and brochures by around 12% in 2007, around 25% in 2010 and 48% in 2015 - other printed paper waste including office recoveredpaper by 65% in 2007,140% in 2010 and almost four limes more in 2015. With this forecast, the recovery rate of paper and board waste in Poland in 2015 should reach 56%, whereas the recycling rate - around 50%. With the increasing collection rate of paper and board waste in Poland the following issues have to be taken into account: - guality of recovered paper and board intended for recycling in paper mills has to be improved and meet requirements of PN-EN 643 Standard - recycling capacities by the paper industry have to be increased.

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Wielopierwiastkowa analiza materiałów opakowaniowych techniką ICP-TOFMS

Skrzydlewska E., Balcerzak M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2004

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[Z] 58, 11-12

915--942

EN

In 1994 new legislation (Directive 94/62/EC [12]), limiting the level of the most toxic heavy metals (Cr(VI), Cd, Hg and Pb) in packaging materials to 100 mg kg-1 (as a total amount) was introduced in the European Union. The Directive has become the basis for corresponding legislation acts in the EU member and candidate countries, including Poland [13-16]. These events have focused the attention of the scientists to the necessity of development of methods suitable for the examination of enormous amounts and a variety of packaging materials for trace amounts of elements (ng g-1, ?g g-1) that can occur in such materials. Papers, paperboards and plastics make the basis of packaging materials used. Traces of toxic substances in such materials can origin from contaminants occurring in various substrates (e.g. wood pulp, polymers), from numerous additives (e.g. catalysts, thermal stabilizers, adhesives, lubricants, antioxidants, pigments, printing inks) used in the production process as well as from process water and process equipment. A discussion of packaging materials produced as well as sources of toxic elements is presented in the paper in detail. Analytical methods for the determination of traces of various elements (chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, antimony, molybdenum, barium, copper and zinc) in packaging materials developed by the authors have been described. Digestion procedures used for the transformation of the analytes from materials of various matrices (polymer (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(ethylene terephthalate)), paper and paperboard) into solution are presented in Table 1. The application of modern analytical technique, inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ICP-TOFMS), to the detection of the elements has been described. The ICP-TOFMS technique offers detection limits (DLs) suitable for the determination of a range of elements that can occur in packaging materials. The technique offers multi-element capability, selectivity, possibility of simultaneous isotope determinations, extremely high data-acquisition speed (quasi-simultaneous measurement of all masses extracted from the plasma ion source), high ion transmission and high sample throughput [34, 35]. Data for the isotopes used for the detection of the analytes as well as the detection and quantification limits achieved by the authors are given in Table 2. Results for the level of the elements determined in four groups of packaging materials examined, I and II: of polymer matrices intended for food- and non-food-packagings, respectively, and III and IV: of paper and paperboard matrices (for food- and non-food-packagings, respectively) have been given in Table 3. Mass spectra of some materials chosen from particular examined groups are presented in Fig. 2.