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1

Zużycie i produkcja papieru i tektury w Polsce w 2008 roku na tle krajów europejskich

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2009

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R. 65, nr 9

513-524

2

Przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu papierniczego na "Liście 500" w 2006 roku

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2007

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R. 63, nr 5

263-264

3

Porównanie szybkości sorpcji papierów i tektur oraz wykonywanych z nich kątowników do opakowań

Klepaczka A.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2007

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R. 63, nr 1

50-52

PL

Określono i porównano szybkości procesów sorpcji wybranych papierów, tektur oraz wykonywanych z nich kątowników stosowanych jako elementy konstrukcyjne opakowań. Procesy sorpcji wilgoci przebiegały w środowisku wilgotnego powietrza o temperaturze ok. 26 ° C i wilgotności względnej 50 albo 90%. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, ze szybkości sorpcji kątowników były znacznie mniejsze w porównaniu z papierami i tekturami, z których te kątowniki byty wytwarzane. Odpowiednio dłuższe były czasy osiągania stanu równoważnej zawartości wilgoci w kątownikach a w szczególności posiadających powlekana warstwą zewnętrzną. Takie kątowniki cechują się wysoką odpornością na działanie wilgoci.

EN

The moisture sorption rates for selected papers, boards and packaging angles made of them have been investigated and compared. Moisture sorption processes were carried out in air at relative humidity of 50 or 90% and temperature of 26 ° C. From experimental results it was found that sorption rates of the angles were considerably smaller comparing to the papers and boards used for angles production. Adequately longer are the times of equilibrium moisture content attaining in angles, particularly with coated paper used as outer layer of the angles. Thus such angles are more moisture-proof.

4

Przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu papierniczego na "Liście 500" w 2005 roku

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 5

231-233

5

O sposobach poprawy gładkości powierzchni różnych papierów i tektur

Klepaczka A. [oprac.]

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 8

435-436

6

Niskogramaturowe papiery na tekturnicy : Dlaczego więcej problemów? Jak sobie z nimi radzić?

Motylewski M.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 5

255-258

7

Materiały i wyroby do kontaktu z żywnością - wymagania w świetle obowiązujących regulacji prawnych

Ćwiek-Ludwicka K.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 3

135-138

8

Jakość makulatury a problemy technologiczne przy jej przerobie

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2006

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R. 62, nr 11

647-650

9

Perspektywy rozwoju rynku odpadów opakowaniowych z papieru i tektury

Fornalski Z.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2005

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R. 61, nr 10

593-596

EN

In 2004 Poland used 82.2 kg per person of paper and board, whereas the average consumption in the EU amounted to 193.4 kg. There is no doubt that although paper and board consumption continues to grow it is still very Iow when compared to Western Europe, not to mention the USA. The economic growth, higher purchasing power, better exports' results, changing consumers' habits stimulate the market and create new trends in the production development. The economic and social development of Poland should be supported by the high growth, representing around 5% of the GDP. According to the preliminary project of the National Development Plan (NDP) 2007-2013, basedon the macroeconomic forecast covering the period of 2005-2020, the average rate of economic growth is eupected to amount to 5,2%. It means that the annual convergention rate will rise from 2.2% to 2.5%. The growth of the GDP, consumption and investments will appear as a result of the EU transfers. As regards the supply, the long-term growth is possible mainly owing to the integration with the European Union. In terms of demand the economic development will be supported by investments and domestic consumption. The growth rate of private consumption will be slightly slower than the GDP growth, amounting to 3.9% from 2005 to 2006, 5.3% from 2007 to 2013 and 5% from 2014 to 2020. The investments will grow by 12,7% annually from 2005 to 2006; 8.7% from 2007 to 2013 and 4.7% from 2014-2020. Poland has an open economy. Exceeding significantly the GDP growth rate, the trade dynamics shows that the potential to strengthen the open character of the economy still exists. The export recovery 2003-2004 had its origins both in the exchange rates and restructuring activities undertaken by the companies in the time of economic stagnation dating back to years 2001 - 2002. In 2003 the productivity growth connected with a 9% decline of wage costsin the industry contributed to better competitmeness of the Polish industry. In years to come, the demand for investment goods is expected to grow. Therefore the import dynamics shall be higher than the export dynamics particularly at the beginning of Poland's membership in the European Union. Year 2012 should see this trend reversed and as a result exports should grow again. Analyzing the impact ofthe NDP macroeconomic factors on the paper and board consumption in Poland it is assumed that the per capita consumption 2007 in Poland may reach 93 kg annually, in 2010 around 103 kg and 124 kg in 2015. Baring in mind the fact that Poland has to obtain certain recovery and recycling targets of packaging waste and reduction of biodegradable waste intended for land filling the collection of recovered paper has to be increased as follows: - paper and board packaging waste by 35% in 2007, around 65% in 2010, doubled in 2015 - printed paper waste such as newspaper, magazines and brochures by around 12% in 2007, around 25% in 2010 and 48% in 2015 - other printed paper waste including office recoveredpaper by 65% in 2007,140% in 2010 and almost four limes more in 2015. With this forecast, the recovery rate of paper and board waste in Poland in 2015 should reach 56%, whereas the recycling rate - around 50%. With the increasing collection rate of paper and board waste in Poland the following issues have to be taken into account: - guality of recovered paper and board intended for recycling in paper mills has to be improved and meet requirements of PN-EN 643 Standard - recycling capacities by the paper industry have to be increased.