Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Palaeoenvironment of the middle Miocene wetlands at Drzewce, Konin region, central Poland

Worobiec Elżbieta, Widera Marek, Worobiec Grzegorz

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2022

|

Vol. 92, No. 2

201--218

EN

Palynological analysis of the 1st mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1) of the Drzewce deposit (Konin region, central Poland) was used as the data source for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic interpretations. Lignites of the 1st group developed in the middle Miocene, during and shortly after the last peak of the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, over a large area of Poland, and they are the youngest of the main Neogene lignite seams in Poland. In the Konin region, these lignites have a relatively significant thickness (up to 20 m) and therefore they are (or were in the past) exploited in several open-pit mines. A total of 36 palynological samples from the 6.3-m-thick seam of the Drzewce opencast mine was studied in detail. Palynological analysis of the lignite seam indicates that the area was overgrown by palustrine wetland communities, similar in composition to modern pocosins. The most characteristic elements of them were shrubs in the Ericaceae family. The climate at that time was warm temperate and humid. The estimated mean annual temperature (MAT) for the lignite seam at Drzewce is 15.7–17.8 °C. Comparison with other palynofloras from the MPLS-1 shows that the climate during the formation of the group of seams was more or less homogenous across the entire Polish Lowlands. Sedimentological data and results of palynological studies (including NPPs) at Drzewce indicate that the palaeomires were relatively distant from the channels of the river system in the Konin Basin. The fossil fungal assemblage indicates dense vegetation on damp, swampy soils and the presence of small, shallow-water bodies, with a variable water level or even periodic reservoirs, existing only during the wet season or after floods. In small, flooded depressions, such as the pools in bogs, filamentous green algae occurred. The presence of zygospores of the desmids Desmidiaceaesporites cosmarioformis most probably indicates relatively nutrient-poor (ombrotrophic) conditions. Fluctuations in the frequency of individual plant taxa (including Sequoia and Sciadopitys) are likely to reflect changes in water level and trophic conditions.

2

Lost Norian fluvial tracks : Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic coarse-grained deposits in Kamienica Śląska (Upper Silesia, southern Poland)

Fijałkowska-Mader Anna, Paszkowski Mariusz, Kędzior Artur, Jewuła Karol

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2022

|

Vol. 92, No. 3

277--293

EN

In the Triassic-Jurassic boundary profiles of the Upper Silesian region, there are locally developed coarse clastic deposits, commonly known as the Połomia Gravels, Połomia Beds or “Połomia Formation’’ (informal name). Due to the lack of reliable stratigraphic tools, the chronostratigraphic position of these deposits remains one of the most controversial aspects of the Triassic-Jurassic lithostratigraphy in the region. Sparse biostratigraphic data from the overlying and underlying deposits indicate a wide range of ages, from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. This paper presents the results of sedimentological, petrographical and palynological analyses of the coarse-grained deposits from the Kamienica Śląska gravel pit, which is currently one of the biggest facilities of this type in Upper Silesia. The outcrop section, with a total thickness of up to 20 m, is dominated by friable, light grey to beige and locally dark grey, large-scale planar to trough cross-stratified conglomerates and coarse-grained sandstones with subordinate thin interbeds of grey and reddish brown mudstones. Three facies associations have been distinguished, representing a main channel belt, secondary channels and floodplains subenvironments. Facies analysis points to a braided river tract with localised floodplain sediments. The grain composition of the Kamienica Śląska gravel/conglomerate is less diversified than that of the polymictic typical Połomia Beds of the Myszków area and resembles oligomictic conglomerates known from the Grabowa Formation of the Norian age and/or conglomerates of the Gorzów Beds of Rhaetian age, which also occur on the studied region. Palynological analysis of mudstone interbeds within the conglomeratic deposits shows the presence of miospores guiding and characteristic for subzone c of the Corollina meyeriana zone of the late Norian-early Rhaetian age. The appearance of the coarse-grained deposits in late Norian could be associated with the development of a long-reach braided fluvial tract, draining the S and SE part of the Sudetian-Malopolska-Lublin land (S-M-L land) in response to the tectonic rearrangement in the source area and gradual climatic change from semi-arid to humid in the Rhaetian.

3

Reconstructing the Holocene environments in the Russian sector of the Neman Delta area, Kaliningrad Region

Napreenko Maxim G., Napreenko-Dorokhova Tatiana, Matul Alexandr

Geological Quarterly

|

2021

|

Vol. 65, No. 2

art. no. 32

EN

A history of landscape development in the Russian part of the Neman Delta area during the Holocene, with an emphasis on the formation of forests and wetlands, is deduced based on pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating, a field topography survey, and macrofossil analysis of peat deposits in a coastal mire, the Koz’ye Bog. Several 1,000-2,000-year time lags in vegetational development were revealed here, though they have not been recorded for other landscapes in the Kaliningrad Region and the adjacent areas in the southeastern Baltic. The causes are still not completely clear, but they presumably related to some of the regional patterns of climate development and the submergence of the area during the second Littorina transgression (7,500-7,000 cal. yr BP). It is established that cryophilic open tundra-like vegetation existed here not only in Late Glacial time (Younger Dryas) but up to the mid-Boreal (9,700-9,500 cal. yr BP). A transition from the open landscapes of the Late Glacial to birch and then pine forests occurred here 9,700-8,700 cal. yr BP, whereas the expansion of thermophilic broadleaf species of the nemoral (temperate) association (Quercus, Ulmus, Tilia, Corylus) was recorded only in the period 6,400-3,500 cal. yr BP. Peak expansion of Alnus occurred here only in the late Subboreal (3,500-2,700 cal. yr BP), while in adjacent areas it reached its maximum as early as the Atlantic. The general vegetation dynamics in this area during the Late Glacial and the Holocene could be referred to as a transition from the dominance of pine forests to a wide dispersal of alder carrs. This environmental shift was caused not only by climatic factors but probably also due to the transformation of the hilly coastal terrace into a low-lying plain landscape after flooding during the transgressions of the Baltic.

4

Palaeobotanical record of the Eemian Interglacial succession at the Jagodne site (Garwolin Plain, central Poland)

Bober Aleksandra, Brzozowicz Dorota, Drzymulska Danuta, Żarski Marcin, Suchora Magdalena

Geological Quarterly

|

2021

|

Vol. 65, No. 2

art. no. 34

EN

Our high-resolution data of pollen and macrofossils from 2 cores taken from the Jagodne site (Garwolin Plain) reveals a pollen succession covering the final part of the Late Saalian (Marine Isotope Stage MIS 6) and embracing the Eemian (MIS 5e). The results correspond to Regional Pollen Assemblage Zones (RPAZ). The hornbeam phase (E5 RPAZ) has been subdivided into subzones and compared to the corresponding division of the key profile of the Garwolin Plain, Kozłów K2-19. The comparison revealed a considerable sedimentary hiatus in the E5 RPAZ at Jagodne. This is attributed to significant palaeohydrological changes occurring widely in this zone, and also seen at other Eemian sites in Poland. Another specific feature of the Jagodne site is the early, rapid terrestrialisation of the palaeolake and its transformation into a raised bog, which occurred already at the end of the hornbeam phase. The Sphagnum dominated peatbog developed for a long time as evidenced by a thick peat layer covering also the Early Vistulian. Both pollen and plant macrofossil data correspond well to observed lithological boundaries, providing a consistent record of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes. The results obtained contribute to knowledge of palaeoenvironmental changes and palaeoclimate interpretation of that area.

5

Vegetation response to environmental changes based on palynological research on the Middle Miocene lignite at the Jóźwin IIB open-cast mine (Konin region, central Poland)

Słodkowska Barbara, Widera Marek

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2021

|

Vol. 91, No. 2

149--166

EN

Palynological research was performed on the first Mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1) at the Jóźwin IIB open-cast mine. The extremely rich pollen assemblages allowed investigation of the development of phytogenic sedimentation and the succession of plant communities. The vegetation cover, representing peat accumulation and adjacent areas, was reconstructed in the homogeneous lignite seam. Despite the lack of clear macroscopic differences in the lignite lithology and a similar floristic composition, a similar succession of plant communities was observed in three repetitions in the profile. The plant communities described were grouped into five cycles. Changes in the succession resulted mainly from oscillations of the groundwater level. On the basis of the vegetation composition, the climatic conditions predominant during the peat-forming sedimentation were reconstructed. Climate changes are most precisely recorded in the mixed mesophilous forest community. Its floristic composition shows that the climate was warm-temperate and humid at that time. The lower part of the profile contains more taxa with high thermal requirements: Araliaceae, Mastixiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Hammamelidaceae, Cornaceae, Symplocaceae, Ilex, Itea, Engelhardia, etc. It is related to the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). In the upper part of the profile, the vegetation composition reflects the beginning of a cooling trend. This is indicated by the reduced number of highly thermophilous taxa and the decreased taxonomic diversity of forest communities. The changing climatic and environmental conditions interrupted peat-bog sedimentation and caused termination of the development of thicker lignite seams.

6

Paleocene and Eocene deposits on the eastern margin of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Yantarny P-1 borehole, Kaliningrad region, Russia)

Kasiński Jacek Robert, Kramarska Regina, Słodkowska Barbara, Sivkov Vadim, Piwocki Marcin

Geological Quarterly

|

2020

|

Vol. 64, No. 1

29--53

EN

Lithological and palynological studies of Paleogene siliciclastic deposits from the Yantarny P-1 borehole located on the western coast of the Sambian Peninsula (Kaliningrad region, Russia) show that the succession is characterized by numerous sedimentary discontinuities related to lithification horizons and erosional surfaces. Sedimentary gaps are emphasised by hardgrounds. Palynological data suggest the Selandian-Priabonian age of the succession and indicate a number of significant stratigraphic gaps. An important change in heavy mineral composition is recognized between the Paleocene and Eocene deposits in the area studied. A significant number of reworked Cretaceous microfossils is observed in the Selandian part of the succession studied.

7

Microphytoplankton from middle palaeolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere : a record from climate change strata of Baltica’s O/S boundary

Masiak Monika, Stempień-Sałek Marzenna, Podhalańska Teresa

Geological Quarterly

|

2020

|

Vol. 64, No. 1

86--103

EN

In the present study, data on the diversity of acritarch and prasinophyte microphytoplankton were collected from Ordovician-Silurian transitional strata at three different geological localities in Poland: southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Małopolska Block, southern Poland), East European Platform (Baltica), and Koszalin-Chojnice Zone (NW Poland). The material represents the mucronata (trilobite) to vesiculosus (graptolite) biozones. The Ordovician microphytoplankton assemblages are characterized by low frequency and low diversity: up to 110 specimens and 12 genera per slide, in contrast to Silurian ones that are more frequent and more diverse - >3000 specimens and 16 genera per slide (diversity at the species level is also higher). Throughout the Ordovician part of the succession, typical Ordovician genera occur, such as Acanthodiacrodium, Ordovicidium, Orthosphaeridium and large Baltisphaeridium, together with isolated occurrences of typical Silurian genera, especially in the upper part of the Hirnantian (e.g., Diexallophasis). The Silurian assemblages are typified by high frequency of prasinophytes followed by typical Siluran acritarchs: Tylotopalla, Ammonidium, Domasia and Oppilatala. The palynological material from Poland is compared with material known from other localities: the Rapla and Valga boreholes (Estonia) and Anticosti Island (Canada), as well as others placed in different palaeocontinents and different bathymetric zones. Palynological assemblages obtained from Polish material confirm that bathymetry played the key role in taxonomic diversification of the microphytoplankton assemblage. This supports the existing models of distribution: dominance of prasinophytes (leiospheres) and cryptospores is characteristic for shallow-water environments. In deeper water, dominance of acanthomorphs is observed. In the deepest-water zones - mixed assemblages occur. For the Holy Cross Mountains, microphytoplankton frequency is compared with a TOC curve in the same interval.

8

Palynostratigraphy of dinosaur bone-bearing deposits from the Upper Cretaceous of Western Bulgaria

Pavlishina Polina, Dochev Docho, Nikolov Vladimir, Yaneva Marlena, Konyovska Ralitsa

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2019

|

Vol. 69, no. 4

617--626

EN

Palynological investigation of the Vrabchov dol locality (Western Bulgaria) which recently yielded fragmentary dinosaur bones attributed to the clade Titanosauria, reveals well-preserved sporomorph assemblages dominated by angiosperm pollen from the Normapolles group, spores and rare gymnosperms. The age assessment of the studied sequence is based on the diagnostic Normapolles species, such as Oculopollis orbicularis Góczán, 1964, Oculopollis zaklinskaiae Góczán, 1964, Krutzschipollis spatiosus Góczán in Góczán et al., 1967 and Krutzschipollis crassus (Góczán, 1964) Góczán in Góczán et al., 1967. The concurrent presence of these pollen species suggests a late Santonian–early Campanian age for the succession. The sporomorph association is encountered in a palynofacies dominated by continental elements, including translucent phytoclasts (tissues, wood remains and plant cuticles). The sedimentary succession shows no evidence of marine elements and a very low proportion of AOM that attests to deposition within a lagoonal to foreshore marine environment, with high continental input and short transportation. The vegetation in the studied area was primarily composed of a range of Normapolles-producing angiosperms and secondarily of pteridophyte spore-producing plants. Gymnosperms were rare. Such a vegetation pattern reflects a warm, seasonally dry climate during the late Santonian–earliest Campanian in the studied area. The dinosaurs inhabited a wet lowland area, probably rich in herbaceous plants.

9

Timing of Langhian bioevents in the Carpathian Foredeep and northern Pannonian Basin in relation to oceanographic, tectonic and climatic processes

Holcová K., Doláková N., Nehyba S., Vacek F.

Geological Quarterly

|

2018

|

Vol. 62, No. 1

3--17

EN

The succession of bioevents in planktonic foraminifer and calcareous nannoplankton communities is reviewed and summarized for the Carpathian Foredeep and northern Pannonian Basin in the time interval between ~16 and 13.5 Ma. This succession can be subdivided into three principal intervals: (1) an interval with rare Praeorbulina sicana and P. glomerosa. It was characterized by a limited immigration of index taxa linked to the lack of a warm surface water layer in the Central Paratethys. This interval can be correlated with the first Badenian transgression near the Burdigalian/Langhian boundary. The rare occurrence of biostratigraphical markers does not allow its precise dating and interregional correlation; (2) a brief interval of the first occurrences of Praeorbulina circularis, Orbulina suturalis and Helicosphaera waltrans. This can be related to the formation of a warm surface water layer suitable for the survival of orbulinas and praeorbulinas and a change from estuarine to anti-estuarine circulation. This interval can be correlated with the second Badenian transgression, which, however, was not isochronous over the area as inferred from different successions of these first occurrences; (3) a limited appearance of new index taxa in the Central Paratethys prior to the Wielician Salinity Crisis. This time interval was characterized by increased seasonality and salinity oscillations followed by climate cooling. A “reverse” migration of the stress-tolerant species Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis from the Central Paratethys to the Mediterranean is suggested. Several local bioevents with limited stratigraphic correlation potential have been recognized in this interval.

10

Stratigraphic interpretation of loess in the marginal zone of the Dnieper I ice sheet and the evolution of its landscape after deglaciation (Dnieper Upland, Ukraine)

Komar M., Łanczont M., Fedorowicz S., Gozhik P., Mroczek P., Bogucki A.

Geological Quarterly

|

2018

|

Vol. 62, No. 3

536--552

EN

Litho-, pedo- and palynological analyses constrained by radiometric dating of two loess-palaeosol sequences, Nahirne and Velyka Andrusivka, exposed in a cliff at the eastern edge of the Dnieper Upland, Ukraine, document regional environmental changes in the western marginal zone of the Dnieper lobe. The postglacial loess sedimentation cycle was initiated during MIS 8, immediately after the ice sheet recession. On the basis of palaeorelief analysis, subsequent morphogenetic stages of the original postglacial relief, associated with the modifying and masking role of the loess, and destructive slope processes were reconstructed. Periglacial steppe with consistently present scattered trees formed the Pleistocene landscape in the Middle Dniester area during the last three glacial periods. In such an environment, the following loess beds, correlated with marine isotope stages (MIS), were deposited: Dnieper (dn) - MIS 8, Tyasmyn (ts) - MIS 6, Uday (ud) - MIS 4 and Bug (bg) - MIS 2. During the last two warm periods: Kaydaky (kd) - MIS 7 and Pryluky (pl) - MIS 5, the landscape was not fully forested. As a result, the individual palynological features of these soils show a diverse character. The TL and OSL dates form a sequence with numerous inversions that are difficult to interpret. Although these data do not significantly influence the interpretation, they show that: 1) there are loesses that undoubtedly formed after the maximum extent of the ice sheet by short-distance transport of dust material from local fresh glacial deposits and the underlying Paleogene rocks; 2) date distortions result from the activities of an exceptionally rich pedofauna that has contaminated the material not only in the soil sections of the profile but also in the adjacent loess. It is possible to delimit a few stages of pedofaunal activity in each of the soil units.

11

The Late Quaternary vegetational and environmental history of western tropical Africa - the eastern Benin Basin, Lagos, Nigeria

Adeonipekun P. A., Adeniyi T. A., Mateawo J., Agbalaya B.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2017

|

Vol. 43, no. 4

277--291

EN

A palynological study of a 30 m borehole within the Akoka campus of the University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria revealed Late Quaternary paleo-vegetational, climatic and environmental changes. Sixteen samples at a regular interval of 2 m were subjected to standard palynological and sedimentological techniques. Six pollen zones representing six paleoclimatic phases within the Late Quaternary period were recognized. The age model is based on two radiocarbon dates (6 m: 5,495 ± 25 ¹⁴C yr and 12 m: 15,660 ± 40 ¹⁴C yr) and, by extrapolation, the sequence spans approximately the last 35,000 yr BP. The African maximum transgression and the African Humid Period (wet paleoclimate maximum) – the Nouaktchottian, and Pre-Nouaktchottian respectively – were recognized, while the Ogolian II (Erg II) was stratigraphically recognized and the Upper Inchirian extrapolated. Recovered diatom frustules with other proxies were employed for paleoclimatic and paleoecological deductions. Four hydrological cycles and three paleoecological settings were identified. Results from this work indicate the co-eval record of paleoclimatic events across Africa, suspected cooling during the African maximum transgression in Nigeria and the usefulness of coastal freshwater swamp sediments for paleoclimate studies.

12

A palynology and paleoenvironmental study of a section from the Amansiodo-1 well, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria

Chukwuma-Orji J. N., Okosun E. A., Ekom J. C., Abolarin J. F.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2017

|

Vol. 43, no. 4

293--301

EN

Palynological analysis was carried out on twenty (20) ditch cutting samples from a section (1284.73–1496.57 m) of the Amansiodo-1 well, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria with the aim of determining the age, biozone, and depositional environment of the sediments within the depth interval. The laboratory techniques of digesting sediments in hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids for silicates and carbonates removal were followed to process the samples for the recovery of palynomorphs. Fifty two (52) palynomorph specimens were recovered. An assemblage zone of Echitriporites trianguliformis Zone has been established. The section was dated to the upper Maastrichtian due to the occurrences of age diagnostic marker species such as: Cingulatisporites ornatus, Distaverrusporites simplex, Proteacidites sigalii, Dinogymnium cf auclaense, Echitriporites trianguliformis and Retidiporites magdalensis. Based on the palynomorph marine index and environmental indicator flora, the section was inferred to be deposited in marine to brackish (coastal) environments with little influence of fresh water.

13

Early Holocene alluvia in the lower Wisłok River valley and their chronostratigraphy in the light of radiocarbon datings and palynological analysis

Superson S., Gębica P., Michczyński A., Kołaczek P., Szczepanek K.

Geochronometria

|

2017

|

Vol. 44, no. 1

216--225

EN

The paper presents the results of the latest radiocarbon dating and the palynological analyses of organic sediments found in the alluvia of the Wisłok River valley between the towns of Łańcut and Przeworsk. The study conducted in the gravel pit made possible the dating of several alluvial fills of the 7–8 m high Holocene terrace and the 5–6 m high floodplain. The oldest channel alluvia and palaeochannel sediments of the 7–8 m high terrace were dated at 10 100–9300 BP (11 960–10 500 cal BP). According to the anthracological analysis the top cover of clay overbank alluvia, which bears charcoal fragments, was deposited in the Subboreal and/or the Subatlantic Phases. In the sequence of the 5–6 m high floodplain, the bottom fills of palaeochannels, dated at 10 195–9885 cal BP (probability level: 68.2%; GdS-3233: 8900 ± 95 BP ) and 11 095–10 755 cal BP (probability level: 68.2%; GdS-3228: 9575 ± 95 BP), were truncated by erosion and covered by alluvia of palaeomeanders, which were active in the 19th century. Preservation of the erosional bench of the Early Holocene organic sediments indicates the predomination of lateral migration of the river channel during the last 200 years and the formation of wide erosional floodplain that has been aggraded with recent flood alluvia. In the 20th century the floodplain aggradation was simultaneous with the deepening of the Wisłok riverbed.

14

Changes of sedimentation in the Drużno Lake based on geoarchaeological data from the Teutonic fortress in Elbląg, North Poland

Nitychoruk J., Szymanek M., Bińka K., Kasprzycka M., Zbucki Ł.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2016

|

Vol. 66, no. 1

85--98

EN

The wooden structures unearthed in 2012 during archaeological excavation in the courtyard of the Museum of Archaeology and History in Elbląg have been dated using the dendrochronological method to the period between 1245 and 1302, which allows them to be considered to be parts of a Teutonic fortress. The remains of the wooden building located directly on the prehistoric lacustrine sediments created a unique opportunity to reconstruct the near-shore sedimentation of the Drużno Lake. Geological, malacological and palynological methods were applied during the investigation. The results, compared with the ranges of both the Drużno Lake and the Vistula Lagoon, known from previous studies of the region, allowed the correlation of a phase of a deep lake with the “Roman Period”. Rapid shallowing of the lake occurred in the “Migration Period”. The final disappearance of the lake in the area of modern Elbląg occurred in the early Middle Ages.

15

Towards an integrated Jurassic biostratigraphy for eastern Greenland

Kelly S. R. A., Gregory F. J., Braham W., Strogen D. P., Whitham A. G.

Volumina Jurassica

|

2015

|

Vol. 13, no. 1

43--64

EN

The thick and relatively complete Jurassic succession of eastern Greenland provides a unique biostratigraphic record for the North Atlantic region. The main biostratigraphic control for the succession has been provided by molluscs, especially ammonites and to a lesser extent by bivalves and belemnites. The late John Callomon and colleagues recognised 93 Boreal ammonite-bearing horizons in the Mid to Late Jurassic. This provides a reliable backbone to the biostratigraphy of these strata, prompting a palynological colleague to comment that they are the “Policemen of Jurassic Stratigraphy”. Other biostratigraphically significant microfossil and palynological groups, can be calibrated against this standard, but on their own cannot achieve the same precision. The Early Jurassic of eastern Greenland does not have such fine control as later parts of the period. No single biostratigraphic group can be used successfully throughout the interval, and there are only three significant ammonite faunas during this period. Reliance on various different organisms is necessary to cope with the changing range of marine to non-marine environments. CASP field-work from 1990 to 2012 has resulted in the collection of much biostratigraphic material. In this article, published data are summarised together with previously unpublished data in the form of a unified table. The integrated chart shows detailed columns for the whole eastern Greenland Jurassic. It demonstrates the ammonite, palynological and microfossil events/biozones and horizons which are correlated by time. More limited information is available on belemnites, bivalves and macroflora. This is the first time such an integrated biostratigraphic scheme has been assembled for the Jurassic of eastern Greenland. It will be of value to the offshore oil-industry in the northern North Atlantic and on the Barents Shelf as well as to field geologists in Greenland.

16

Non-pollen palynomorphs from mid-Holocene peat of the raised bog Borsteler Moor(Lower Saxony, Germany)

Shumilovskikh L. S., Schlütz F., Achterberg I., Bauerochse A., Leuschner H. H.

Studia Quaternaria

|

2015

|

Vol. 32, Nr 1

5--18

EN

In order to reconstruct regional vegetation changes and local conditions during the fen-bog transition in the Borsteler Moor (northwestern Germany), a sediment core covering the period between 7.1 and 4.5 cal kyrs BP was palynologically investigated. The pollen diagram demonstrates the dominance of oak forests and a gradual replacement of trees by raised bog vegetation with the wetter conditions in the Late Atlantic. At ~ 6 cal kyrs BP, the non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) demonstrate the succession from mesotrophic conditions, clearly indicated by a number of fungal spore types, to oligotrophic conditions, indicated by Sphagnum spores, Bryophytomyces sphagni, and testate amoebae Amphitrema, Assulina and Arcella, etc. Four relatively dry phases during the transition from fen to bog are clearly indicated by the dominance of Calluna and associated fungi as well as by the increase of microcharcoal. Several new NPP types are described and known NPP types are identified. All NPP are discussed in the context of their palaeoecological indicator values.

17

Osady paleogenu i neogenu w wielkoskalowych strukturach glacitektonicznych Wzgórz Dylewskich

Słodkowska B., Gałązka D.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2015

|

nr 461

251--293

PL

Badawczy otwór wiertniczy w Wysokiej Wsi, zlokalizowany w centrum Wzgórz Dylewskich (NE Polska), osiągnął głębokość prawie 490 m, z czego na ponad 400 m przewiercono utwory paleogenu i neogenu. W wyniku badań palinologicznych 47 próbek wyróżniono 13 zespołów palinomorf (sporomorfy, fitoplankton i zoomorfy) i datowano osady. Stwierdzono dwu- i trzykrotne powtarzanie się podobnych zespołów palinomorf w paleogeńskim i neogeńskim odcinku profilu, co wskazuje na silne glacitektoniczne zaburzenie osadów. Udokumentowana w wyniku badań palinologicznych skomplikowana budowa geologiczna odnacza się kilkoma strefami odkłucia i przemieszczenia pakietów skalnych. Najniższy, paleogeński kompleks znajduje się w położeniu pierwotnym, datowano w nim zespoły pyłkowo-fitoplanktonowe: D3–D4 – środkowy paleocen, utwory górnego paleocenu w facji lądowej i D8 – dolny eocen. Na głębokości ok. 455 m występuje pierwsza powierzchnia nieciągłości, gdzie w osady paleogeńskie został wprasowany ponad 100-metrowej miąższości pakiet osadów środkowego miocenu z poziomami sporowo-pyłkowymi V, VI, VIII, IX, XI. Kolejną powierzchnię odkłucia stwierdzono na głębokości ok. 339 m. Na osadach mioceńskich ponownie występuje ok. 60-metrowej miąższości pakiet utworów paleogeńskich, stratygraficznie młodszych od leżących w spągu, datowanych na podstawie poziomów pyłkowo-fitoplanktonowych – górnoeoceński poziom D12 i wykształcone w facji lądowej utwory dolnego oligocenu. W te paleogeńskie osady jest wprasowana kilkumetrowej miąższości seria osadów mioceńskich reprezentująca poziom sporowo-pyłkowy IX. Na głębokości ok. 240 m znów pojawiają się osady środkowomioceńskie ok. 150-metrowej miąższości z poziomami sporowo-pyłkowymi V, VII i IX. Stwierdzone mozaikowe następstwo warstw odzwierciedla skomplikowane procesy glacitektoniczne, które doprowadziły do powstania łusek glacitektonicznych budujących jądro moreny spiętrzonej Wzgórz Dylewskich. W wyniku badań palinologicznych uzyskano unikatowe dane, pozwalające na lokalizację stref odkłuć glacitektonicznych. Brak osadów czwartorzędowych w jądrze moreny spiętrzonej wskazuje na wczesnoplejstoceński wiek deformacji.

EN

The Wysoka Wieś borehole located in the center of Dylewskie Hills (NE Poland) reached a depth of almost 490 metres, with more than 400 metres of the Paleogene and the Neogene deposits. Palynological studies were designed to determine whether this huge Paleogene and Neogene sedimentary complex is located in situ or it has been glacitectonically redeposited. Forty-seven samples were analysed for all palynological matter components, i.e. palynomorphs (sporomorphs, phytoplankton, zoomorphs), palynoclasts (phytoclasts) and inorganic debris. Among the palynomorphs, 13 assemblages have been distinguished. Describing these assemblages from the bottom to the top of the section, dual or triple repetition of the same palynomorph zones indicates a strong glacitectonic deformation of the sediments. Palynological data evidence several disengagement zones and displacement of rock packages. The lowest sedimentary complex occurs in the primary position and it contains the pollen and phytoplankton assemblage D3–D4 of the Middle Paleocene to the Upper Paleocene (terrestrial facies), and the Lower Eocene assemblage D8. At a depth of ca. 455 m there is the first discontinuity zone, along which the over 100-metres thick package of Middle Miocene sediments, containing pollen zones V, VI, VIII, IX and XI, became intruded/ pressed into the Paleogene deposits. The next disengagement zone occurs at a depth of ca. 339 m, where the Miocene sediments are overlain by a about 60-metres thick package of Paleogene deposits dated with the stratigraphically younger pollen and phytoplankton zones D12 of the Upper Eocene and Lower Oligocene (terrestrial facies). These Paleogene deposits were intruded by the Miocene series, a few metres thick, representing pollen zone IX. Then, at a depth of 240 m, occurs the Middle Miocene sedimentary complex, ca. 150 m thick, with pollen zones V, VII and IX. The complicated glacitectonic processes caused such mosaic succession, reflecting the slice structure of glaciotectonic thrust moraines. Palynological studies provided unique data to define the glaciotectonic disengagement zones. The absence of Quaternary deposits in the internal moraine structure indicates the Early Pleistocene age of deformation.

18

Palynology and archaeology of Late Vistulian and Early Holocene sites in Lubuskie Lake District, western Poland

Okuniewska-Nowaczyk I, Sobkowiak-Tabaka I

Studia Quaternaria

|

2014

|

Vol. 31, Nr 1

39--50

EN

The Lubuskie Lake District played an important part in recolonisation of the Polish Plain due to its location and the character of the terrain. Despite that, it is and especially its northern part, poorly explored regarding both history of Late Glacial and early Holocene settlements, and the natural environment. The paper presents results of multidisciplinary research in this area. The most spectacular discoveries were connected with remains of settlements of the Hamburgian culture societies at Myszęcin currently the richest site of this culture over the entire North European Plain. In the vicinity of this site several Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic settlements of varied functions were recorded. First palynological records came from the Younger Dryas sediments in this area. In a log with a palynological spectrum comprising Younger Dryas and the beginning of the Holocene, a charcoal dust was found and it could indicate human activity as humans lived at a lake shore. An important complement to the image of the Late Glacial settlement at the Lubuskie Lake District was provided by the research near Lubrza that resulted in data regarding settlements of the Federmesser and Swiderian culture societies. This region was not typical in a palynological spectrum of deposits during Allerod but also indicated highly diversified thickness of basal peat in a small area.

19

Origin of the palaeokarst in Miocene evaporites on the SW periphery of the Eastern European Platform in the light of palynological studies : a case study of the Zoloushka Cave, Bukovina, Western Ukraine

Andreychouk V., Worobiec E., Gedl P., Worobiec G.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2014

|

Vol. 84, No. 4

297--322

EN

The Zoloushka Cave belongs to a group of the largest gypsum caves in Western Ukraine (Bukovina region), developed in the middle Miocene (upper Badenian) evaporite series (Tyras Formation) on the SW periphery of the East European Platform. It is developed in the lower part of the evaporite series composed of gypsum, which is covered by a carbonate layer (Ratyn Limestone). The uneven upper surface of the gypsum at the contact with the limestone, the frequent occurrence of palaeokarst forms, and the presence of karstified fissures filled with allochthonous material indicate a sedimentation break between the gypsum and the overlying limestone. To support this thesis and to add new data on the age and palaeoenvironmental conditions of palaeokarst formation in the Bukovina region, palynological studies were carried out on material from the Zoloushka Cave. Palynofacies, sporomorphs and dinoflagellate cysts were studied. In total, over 70 sporomorph taxa and over 25 dinoflagellate cyst taxa have been identified in four samples collected from the filling of the palaeokarstic forms in the cave. The results of the analysis of sporomorphs and dinoflagellate cysts point to the formation of the palaeokarst during the sedimentation break that took place at the end of the late Badenian evaporitic cycle in the Western Ukraine region. The subsequent marine transgression led to the filling of the karst forms in gypsum with chemogenic carbonate material, precipitated from marine water (draperies) and with fine-grained, clastic material (pockets and fissures).

20

Middle Weichselian Pleniglacial sedimentation in the Krasówka river palaeovalley, central Poland

Wachecka-Kotkowska L., Krzyszkowski D., Klaczak K., Król E.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2014

|

Vol. 84, No. 4

323--340

EN

This study from the Szczerców field of the Bełchatów open-cast mining complex, central Poland, reveals the local geomorphic and stratigraphic history of the Krasówka river palaeovalley – a major western tributary of the river Widawka. The data are from the western flank of the N-trending palaeovalley and the study combines detailed lithofacies analysis of outcrop sections, sediment petrology, AMS measurements and palynological evidence. Radiocarbon dates are of crucial importance for the reconstruction of the palaeovalley history. The study contributes to a better understanding of the response of the Central European river systems to the Vistulian Pleniglacial conditions. The Vistulian Pleniglacial sedimentation in the study area commenced with the accumulation of the latest Eemian to earliest Weichselian (≥45 ka) deposits by sheetwash processes in a local karstic topographic depression. The Krasówka river then formed to the east and shifted farther eastwards, but later approached twice the study area with a net aggradation prior to 43 ka BP – flooding it with overbank deposits. The river subsequently incised by nearly 20 m around 40 ka BP and began to fill in its valley by aggradation around 35 ka BP, while migrating eastwards and markedly decreasing its flooding capacity from 33 to 24 ka BP. The fluvial system was rejuvenated around 21 ka BP, with some initial erosion, and kept filling its valley by aggradation while flooding the valley flank. The river after filling its valley continued to aggrade, but gradually ran out of vertical accommodation and migrated westwards. The fluvial activity at this stage was increasingly accompanied by aeolian sedimentation. Once the Mid-Weichselian Pleniglacial came to an end around 14.5 ka BP, the Krasówka river had re-incised by nearly 5 m and assumed its present-day altitude in response to the post-glacial regional isostatic rebound of crustal basement.