Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Monitoring fuel quality in the transport industry

Szczucka-Lasota Bożena, Węgrzyn Tomasz, Jurek Adam, Kalwas Jerzy

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 191

541--549

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to check whether there are indications that light waves can be used to monitor fuel quality. Design/methodology/approach: Tests of deposits released in fuels during long-term storage were carried out. The research involved observing with the unaided eye illuminated samples of fuels stored in glass vials. The research was qualitative in nature. Samples of diesel oil, gasoline were tested. The phenomena occurring in materials under the influence of aging processes were determined and the relationships between the tested material, its quality and the impact of light rays on the sample were explained using physic-chemical phenomena. Findings: The novelty of the article is to show that fuels after the storage process can significantly differ in quality from the starting material and that it is possible to monitor fuel quality using spectroscopic methods. Research limitations/implications: The research conducted is qualitative and not quantitative. Practical implications: It is suggested to use methods of continuous monitoring of stored fuels using light spectroscopy methods. Originality/value: It is to show that fuels from one manufacturer and stored in the same tank age at different times. Fuels have different properties and significantly differ in quality compared to the input material. Therefore, there is a real need for continuous monitoring of fuel quality.

2

Pressure analysis and controlin an industrial gas heating furnace as a way to reduce CO2 emission

Wnęk Mariusz

Mining Machines

|

2023

|

vol. 41, iss. 3

212--219

EN

Emission of carbon dioxide, which may affect the greenhouse effect leading to global warming is acritical aspect of the industrial use of thermal devices. The article presents the results of testing thecombustion processes in theoperating conditions in an industrial heating device fired by gas burners. technical, energy and operational parameters of theselected chamber for thermal processof the selected fuel inputwere characterized and analysed. A solution related to pressure controlin thecombustion chamber, which should be used to reduce the level of CO2emissions, which will enable a positive environmental impact is presented. Pro-ecologicalcharacterof the presented solution isa very important practical effect. Especially nowadays, when there is a strong need to reduce the negative impact of production processes on environment, and all solutions leading to a reduction in CO2emission should also be perceived as very important for business.

3

Analiza rynku paliw płynnych w Polsce od stycznia 2019 r. do września 2022 r.

Złoty Marcin

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

|

2023

|

nr 2

50--61

PL

Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy rynku wybranych paliw płynnych od stycznia 2019 r. do połowy września 2022 r. Badanymi paliwami były: benzyna silnikowa, olej napędowy oraz skroplony gaz petrochemiczny LPG. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano analizę raportów i baz danych zawierających dane dotyczące badanych surowców, paliw kopalnych i kursu USD/PLN. Największymi podmiotami paliwowymi działającymi na terenie Polski są: PKN Orlen, BP, Shell oraz grupa prywatnych stacji. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że na cenę paliw w Polsce w badanym okresie istotny wpływ miały: zmiany ceny ropy naftowej WTI i gazu ziemnego, cykl koniunkturalny (recesja w trakcie pandemii COVID-19), wydarzenia geopolityczne (rozpoczęcie wojny w Ukrainie), kurs walutowy USD/PLN, zmiana wysokości podatku VAT na paliwa, akcyza, opłata paliwowa i emisyjna oraz marże koncernów paliwowych. Na wzrost cen paliw w Polsce pod koniec badanego okresu wpłynęły deprecjacja złotówki i wzrost marży koncernów paliwowych. Ceny paliw w Polsce zdecydowanie szybciej reagują na wzrost cen ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego niż na spadki cen tych surowców.

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the market of selected liquid fuels from January 2019 to mid-September 2022. The tested fuels were: motor gasoline, diesel oil and liquefied petrochemical gas. The analysis of reports and databases containing data on the analyzed commodities, fossil fuels and the USD/PLN exchange rate was used as the research method. The largest fuel entities operating in Poland are: PKN Orlen, BP, Shell and a group of private stations. The conclusion of the article is the fact that the price of fuels in Poland in the analyzed period was significantly influenced by: changes in WTI crude oil and natural gas prices, business cycle (recession during the COVID-19 pandemic), geopolitical events (start of war between Russia and Ukraine), USD/PLN exchange rate, change in value-added tax on fuels, excise duty, fuel and emission fee and margins of fuel companies. The appreciation of fuel prices in Poland at the end of the analyzed period was influenced by the depreciation of the Polish zloty and the increase in the margins of fuel companies. Fuel prices in Poland respond much faster to increases in crude oil and natural gas prices than to decreases in the prices of these raw materials.

4

Preliminary tests of a Diesel engine powered by diesel and hydrogen

Longwic Rafał, Tatarynow Dawid, Kuszneruk Michał, Woźniak-Borawska Gracjana

Combustion Engines

|

2023

|

R. 62, nr 4

35--39

EN

This article discusses the possibilities of powering a commonly used diesel engine with renewable fuels. It analyses scientific studies that clearly indicate that the use of hydrogen is a potentially future-proof option due to its potential to reduce specific fuel consumption and improve performance and increase thermal efficiency. The research was carried out on a laboratory bench designed to test a diesel engine fueled by different fuels. A proprietary hydrogen injection system with dedicated control software was used. Hydrogen injection pressures of 0.15, 0.18, 0.20 MPa and hydrogen injector opening times of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 ms, respectively, were set as control parameters. The rapidly varying engine operating parameters were recorded and the parameters calculated from them were analysed.

5

Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

Haller Piotr, Haller Agata, Kaźmierczak Andrzej, Matla Jędrzej, Sroka Zbigniew, Wróbel Radosław

Combustion Engines

|

2023

|

R. 62, nr 4

123--127

EN

The development of internal combustion engines is focused at solving problems like: fulfilment with increasingly stringent requirements regarding exhaust emissions and elimination of threats to the natural environment. The subject of this thesis is to assess the impact of supplying a compression-ignition engine with hydrocarbon mixtures and to examine the impact of water on external parameters of the engine, such as smoke opacity. The main tests were carried out on a 4-cylinder VW 1.9 TDI internal combustion engine at a constant engine crankshaft speed of 3000 rpm and a variable load of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Nm. The tests were carried out using an innovative mixture of hydrated fusel oils, ethyl alcohol and ionic and/or non-ionic emulsifiers, from which was made of microemulsions with a water content in diesel oil of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. The tests carried out showed a beneficial effect of the water content in the diesel oil on the reduction of the average value of smoke opacity, which systematically decreases with the increase in the percentage of water in the diesel oil.

6

Fuel with a higher content of bio components in greenhouse effect aspects

Andrych-Zalewska Monika, Sitnik Lech, Sroka Zbigniew, Mihaylov Veselin

Combustion Engines

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2023

|

R. 62, nr 1

36--42

EN

Transport is an energy-intensive sector of the economy and it is important where energy comes from and how it is used - now and in the future. The presented research results seem to encourage further work, despite the fact that the work had the character of basic research. The results were achieved in idealized conditions by the fact that the internal combustion engine was tested in static conditions on the test bench and the fuels contained components with strictly defined parameters. These conditions are different from everyday life. However, the obtained results seem to be valuable as they lead to conclusions regarding biofuels, and these conclusions are not directly formulated and published in the literature on the subject. The general conclusion from the research carried out is that the introduction of the so-called biofuels can contribute not to the reduction of CO2 emissions, but to its faster balancing in the environment. This balancing can be achieved but at the cost of increased fuel consumption. This increase in fuel consumption would probably not occur if the "bio" components in the fuel were synthetic hydrocarbons obtained from biomass. However, proving it requires wider studies, including LCA. Data for this LCA, especially about a fuel consumption, may be coming from long term operation of vehicles.

7

Choosing a supplier of fuels and energy in large-format retail enterprises

Jedynak Zdzisław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

243--255

EN

Purpose: The overriding goal of the considerations is to indicate the assumptions and rule for the implementation of the procedure leading to the appointment of an appropriate fuel and energy supplier in large-format enterprises (L-FE), to the extent necessary to improve economic results. The choice will take into account both the size and structure of the resources that are at the disposal of the enterprise and the environmental conditions. The practical goal will be to develop a concept for the implementation of the procedure for the evaluation and selection of a supplier of energy carriers for the needs of a commercial entity. Design/methodology/approach: The research procedure will run through the following stages: 1. Presentation of the theoretical foundations by discussing concepts related to the functioning of the fuel and energy economy as well as indicating the methods and criteria for selecting a supplier. The research method used will be a review of the literature on the subject. 2. Recognition of the L-FE decision situation through the analysis of the subjective, objective and process structure. The research method used will be direct observation with participation. The observation will be carried out in four commercial networks (in total seven enterprises). 3. Setting the assumptions for the implementation of the procedure for the evaluation and selection of the supplier of energy carriers in L-FE. At this stage, the purpose of the procedure, its essence, stages and tasks of implementation as well as the procedure will be indicated. Responsible persons and contractors will be appointed. The evaluation criteria as well as the applicable entry and exit documents will be proposed. The research method used will be the expert method. Findings: The added value of the article is the answer to the question: how is the process of assessing and selecting the supplier of energy carriers in L-FE? The work indicates its goal, stages and tasks of implementation, applicable documents, methods of proceeding and evaluation criteria. The proposed solution contains practical guidelines. Should be noted that the adopted scheme of conduct and the method of its application in a trading enterprise creates the possibility of transferring the developed solutions to other economic systems. Originality/value: In this article, the actions taken have been focused on areas that have and will have an impact on reducing the costs of the company's operation and, consequently, on improving their competitive position on the market.

8

Wodór - paliwo przyszłości. Moda czy szansa?

Tabor Sylwester, Sikorski Szymon

Nowa Energia

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2022

|

nr 3

34--41

PL

Udzielenie odpowiedzi na powyższe pytanie skłania do podjęcia nawet pobieżnej analizy precyzującej zainteresowanie wodorem, jako paliwem przyszłości. Oczywiście można by stwierdzić, że wodór (H2) to naturalny gaz, występujący powszechnie w przyrodzie w ogromnych ilościach i wykorzystywany już komercyjnie. Co więcej, według wstępnych szacunków „światowy rynek wodoru w 2020 r. osiągnął wartość 9,8 mld dolarów, przy notowanym od 2015 r. wzroście wynoszącym 3,45% rocznie.

9

Strategia wodorowa w Polsce. Prawne wyzwania na drodze do zielonej przyszłości

Krawczyk Magdalena, Zawicki Kamil, Kubek Dorota

Nowa Energia

|

2022

|

nr 3

30--32

PL

Wodór potrzebuje kompleksowej regulacji na miarę, jednak ważne, aby działania legislacyjne skupiały się również na zmianach w aktualnie obowiązujących przepisach i tych obszarach gospodarki, gdzie odnawialny wodór może stanowić innowacyjne rozwiązanie bieżących problemów.

10

LNG szansą dla małych statków Magda I z silnikiem na skroplony gaz

Nowa Energia

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2022

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nr 4

39--41

PL

Czy małe statki mogą być zasilane ekologicznym paliwem gazowym? W szczecińskiej stoczni powstaje pionierska jednostka, w której jako źródło napędu zastosowano skroplony gaz (LNG). Statek Magda I jest świetnym przykładem dla armatorów małych jednostek, iż można pokusić się o zmianę oleju napędowego na paliwo gazowe. Ma to ogromne znaczenie dla ochrony środowiska.

11

GK ECO stawia na gaz

Gabor Marcin

Nowa Energia

|

2022

|

nr 2

80--82

PL

Sytuacja na światowych rynkach paliw oraz zawirowania związane z ich dostępnością i cenami, stawiają wiele programów inwestycyjnych pod znakiem zapytania. Nieprzewidywalna dynamika rynku nie pomaga w podejmowaniu długofalowych decyzji inwestycyjnych.

12

Ciężarówki zasilane gazem na zakręcie

Niedbalski Beniamin

Logistyka

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2022

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nr 4

43--45

PL

Jeszcze dwa lata temu wydawało się, że ciężarówki zasilane gazem (przede wszystkim LNG oraz CNG) w krótkim czasie będą stanowiły znaczącą liczbę pojazdów przemierzających międzynarodowe szlaki. Przewoźnicy, zachęceni oszczędnościami, ruszyli na zakupy, rozszerzając swoje floty o pojazdy zasilane błękitnym paliwem. Powyższe podyktowane było przede wszystkim interesem ekonomicznym - zwolnieniem z opłat drogowych na terenie Niemiec. Nie bez znaczenia pozostaje również chęć wpisania się przez dane przedsiębiorstwo przewozowe w nurt proekologiczny, który zatacza coraz szersze kręgi również w branży TSL. W niniejszym artykule przedstawię problematykę prawno-ekonomiczną odoszącą się do pojazdów ciężarowych zasilanych gazem, wskaże na przyczyny rozwoju tej gałęzi produkcji pojazdow, obecne problemy, które towarzyszą przedsiębiorcom korzystającym z ciężarówek na gaz oraz zaproponuję zmiany w prawie, które mogłyby zmienić obecną sytuację.

13

Effect of biodiesel blended fuel on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines – a review

Zheng Fangyuan, Cho Haeng Muk, Xu Changchun

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 27, no. 1

215--231

EN

The internal combustion engine plays a vital role in transportation, industry, and shipping. However, diesel as one of the main fuels for internal combustion engines, caused many environmental and human health problems. In order to solve the problems, more researchers have been committed to the research of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is a renewable, sustainable alternative fuel, and its characteristics are similar to traditional diesel. It can be mixed with pure diesel. It has been found that a mix with pure diesel in a certain ratio can effectively reduce the negative effects caused by its characteristics, improve the combustion performance, and reduce the NOx and PM emissions. This article mainly reviews the effects of the mixture of biodiesel and diesel on engine combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions, including three parts: part (1) summarizes and analyzes the biodiesel’s production and characteristics, part (2) analyzes the engine’s performance under different working conditions, and part (3) studies and analyzes the exhaust emission under different working conditions.

14

Safety in the use of car gas fuel installations

Chojnowski Janusz

Combustion Engines

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2022

|

R. 61, nr 2

3--9

EN

The safe use of gas fuel installations in vehicles is guaranteed by legal and technical aspects. These topics are included in this study. The regulations ensuring safety in the operation of the mentioned fuel systems serve as a solution for potentially hazardous situations. The components of propane-butane and CNG fueling systems are designed, manufactured and tested to maximize their safety of use. The regulations [6-8] define the guidelines for the arrangement and assembly method of the system components, and additionally, the assembly service itself may be performed only by an authorized workshop with granted permissions. Installations using gaseous fuels are safer than conventional fuels in the event of a collision or fire, as long as the user of the installation does not gross negligence in operation and maintenance. The article also discusses the context of the restriction in access to the car infrastructure for cars powered by gaseous fuels.

15

Catalytic pyrolysis of metal free PCBs with ZSM-5 and Ca(OH)2

Pandere Vaibhav, Gautam Alok, Gautam Shina

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 43, nr 2

171-–182

EN

Presence of heavier molecules and toxic brominated compounds in pyrolysis products of printed circuit boards (PCB) make their use difficult. In the present work to overcome this problem PCBs were pyrolyzed in presence of catalysts such as ZSM-5 and Ca(OH)2 to study their effect on pyrolysis products. The comparison of non-catalytic pyrolysis of PCB was done with oil and gas compositions produced by both techniques. Pyrolysis experiments were done at a lab scale set-up. However, the increased concentrations of ZSM-5 were found to increase char and gases were found to be rich in CH4 and O2. The composition of oils was mainly composed of phenols, phenol derivatives and aromatic compounds, which increased with pyrolysis with ZSM-5 and Ca(OH)2. Ca(OH)2 was found effective in removing brominated compounds from oil and no halogens were observed in oil. Char produced during pyrolysis was mesoporous in nature and composed of some fractions of metals and glass fibers.

16

Practical potential of grain impurities in the processing of sunflower oil raw materials in the oil and fat industry

Mykhailov Yevhen, Zadosna Natalia, Ihnatiev Yevhen, Kutsenko Anastasiia, Hutsol Taras, Grotkiewicz Katarzyna, Firman Yuriy, Horetska Iryna

Agricultural Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 26, No. 1

13--23

EN

The analysis of statistical data showed that a large amount of plant waste is generated annually in oil and fat production plants, which must be processed and reused. The paper analyzes the problems of reusing sunflower oil production waste, which is characterized by a relatively high energy value: 1 ton of plant waste is equivalent to 0.625 tons of conventional fuel. According to the mathematical estimation, the actual total amount of impurities is 7.29%, in which major impurities constitute 25.7%. Studies have shown a high probability of oil - containing impurities - 37.25%. Therefore, it is recommended to process such impurities into fuel briquettes and technical oil to increase the profitability of sunflower oil production. For example, at the annual load of technological equipment of the Melitopol Oil Extraction Plant, in 250 days, at a daily processing capacity of 550 t day-1, an annual profit of 560,000 EUR is obtainable from the sunflower grain impurities processed into fuel and technical oil.

PL

Analiza danych statystycznych wykazała, że w przedsiębiorstwach przemysłu olejowo-tłuszczowego corocznie powstaje duża ilość odpadów roślinnych, co wymaga ich przetworzenia i wykorzystania. Cechą tego typu odpadów jest stosunkowo wysoka wartość energetyczna, dzięki czemu 1 tona odpadów roślinnych odpowiada 0,625 tony konwencjonalnego paliwa. Zgodnie z oczekiwaniem matematycznym rzeczywista całkowita ilość zanieczyszczeń wynosi 7,29%, z czego obecność dużych zanieczyszczeń wynosi 25,7%. Jako część całkowitej ilości zanieczyszczeń, matematyczne oczekiwanie zawartości oleju w zanieczyszczeniach wynosi 37,25%. Dlatego wskazane jest przerabianie takich zanieczyszczeń zbożowych na paliwa i olej techniczny. Badania wykazały, że przy rocznym obciążeniu urządzeń technologicznych Wytwórni Oleju Melitopol w ciągu 250 dni przy dobowym przerobie oleju słonecznikowego 550 t doba-1 możliwe jest uzyskanie rocznego zysku z przerobu zanieczyszczeń zbożowych na paliwo i techniczne olej w ilości 560 000 EUR.

17

Investigation of the influence of hydrogen on the energy performance of a spark ignition engine using gasoline and bioethanol fuel mixtures

Mejeras Gabrielius, Rimkus Alfredas, Matijošius Jonas

Transport Problems

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2021

|

T. 16, z. 3

41--51

EN

The results of experimental studies of gasoline mixed with 10% bioethanol (E10), bioethanol mixed with 15% gasoline (E85), and hydrogen– oxygen gas (HHO) supplied as an additional fuel are presented in this paper. Research was carried out to determine whether E85 with hydrogen– oxygen gas is feasible for use as a replacement fuel. During the test, a port injection HR16DE spark ignition engine was used. Experiments were carried out at a constant engine speed (n = 2000 rpm), throttle opened at 15°, using a stoichiometric mixture λ = 1.0 and a lean mixture λ = 1.1. After determining brake torque, fuel consumption data, and energy performance, the results of various fuels were determined. It was found that the highest engine brake torque was developed using E85, but at the same time, fuel consumption increased. E85 yielded the best energy efficiency for a lean mixture (λ = 1.1). A small amount of HHO gas (~ 0.95% energy) yielded a small positive effect only on using E10 fuel at λ = 1.1.

18

Rola wodoru i energetyki jądrowej w transformacji gospodarki

Chmielniak Tadeusz

Nowa Energia

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2021

|

nr 1

46--48

PL

Głównym zadaniem polityki energetycznej UE i całego globu jest ograniczenie zmian klimatycznych i zapewnienie bezpiecznego oraz powszechnego dostępu do energii. Porozumienie Paryskie (COP 21, Paryż 2015) określiło między innymi cele długoterminowe, których osiągnięcie jest konieczne dla utrzymania wzrostu temperatury globu znacznie poniżej 2°C w stosunku do poziomu sprzed epoki przemysłowej. Podkreśla się ponadto konieczność podjęcia wysiłków do zatrzymania tego wzrostu na poziomie 1.5°C.

19

Małe reaktory modułowe - czy są szansą dla Polski?

Rajewski Adam

Nowa Energia

|

2021

|

nr 1

42--45

PL

W ostatnich miesiącach do debaty publicznej powrócił temat budowy w Polsce elektrowni jądrowych. Wraz z nim powróciła także dyskusja o tym jakie technologie jądrowe należałoby w Polsce wdrożyć. Jednym z często przywoływanych w niej tematów są tzw. małe reaktory modułowe, określane anglojęzycznym akronimem SMR (od Small Modular Reactor). Zdaniem niektórych uczestników debaty, SMR-y mają być nowocześniejszą odsłoną energetyki jądrowej, która może - i powinna - odesłać w niebyt starsze rozwiązania dużych jądrowych bloków energetycznych. Padają wręcz stwierdzenia o przestarzałości tych ostatnich. Czy słusznie?

20

Hierarchiczne dwuobiegowe gazowo-gazowe i gazowo-parowe elektrownie i elektrociepłownie jądrowe z wysokotemperaturowymi reaktorami i helem oraz wodą i parą jako czynnikami obiegowymi

Bartnik Ryszard

Nowa Energia

|

2021

|

nr 5/6

20--37

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie innowacyjnych technologii energetycznych elektrowni i elektrociepłowni jądrowych, w których realizowane są dwa obiegi w układzie hierarchicznym.