Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Stability analysis of the slope subjected to the dynamic loading

Zabuski Lesław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 118

243--255

EN

This paper presents the results of a stability analysis of a slope located in the immediate vicinity of a railway line. The plans for the extension of this railway track include the construction of another line, which would run parallel to the existing one, within a few metres distance. It is expected that intensive goods train traffic will generate both static and dynamic forces in the underlying subsoil. Consequently, seismic vibrations will be generated in the subsoil, propagating mainly not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction. The method of seismic coefficient of the earthquake intensity determined by a pseudo-static method and horizontal component of acceleration is appropriate and recommended because it is simple, and the safety factor of the slope is calculated in the same way as in conventional stability calculations.

2

Monitoring mass movements using Network-RTK measurement technique and producing potential rockfall scenarios in a paleo-landslide area

Kadi Fatih, Akin Alper Tunga, Usta Ziya

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2023

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Vol. 115

9--17

EN

Mass movements resulting from landslides cause significant losses in terms of lives and property. Periodic observations of these movements using geodetic measurement techniques help to prevent these losses. Network-RTK measurement technique produces real-time location with centimeter accuracy, based on phase observations using a network of reference stations. In this study, the paleo-landslide area in the Işıklar location of Trabzon province, Esiroğlu district, Turkey, was chosen as the application area. This study aims to measure the application area between 2019 and 2021, using the Network-RTK technique to determine the mass movements. Additionally, there is a rock block in an area with a steep slope. The possible movement of this rock block is a threat to infrastructure facilities, residential areas, agricultural areas, and life safety if the mass movement continues. Within this scope, the potential movement scenarios of the block were produced using RocPro3D software and UAV photogrammetry. Scenarios following an ongoing mass movements in the region triggering another mass movement are discussed. In the light of the results obtained, mass movements in the vertical direction of up to 28 cm were detected in the area where the rock block is located in the last 2 years. The periodic continuation of mass movements in the study area, declared a disaster-prone area, confirms the importance of the rock block in the region. In another phase of the study, possible movement scenarios of the rock block were examined using a rockfall analysis. In this context, with the help of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a digital elevation model and orthophoto map of the region where the rock block is likely to move was produced and a base map to be used in rockfall analysis was obtained. As a result of the rockfall analysis, maps showing the speed, energy, spread, possible impacts, and stopping points were produced. With the examination of these maps, it has been determined that residential areas, agricultural areas, and infrastructure facilities in the study area may be significantly damaged.

3

Wzmacnianie terenu pod budowle na terenach osuwiskowych na przykładzie Skarpy Wiślanej

Gasik-Kowalska Natalia, Gryszpanowicz Piotr

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 3-4

82--87

PL

Wzmacnianie i stabilizacja terenu pod wznoszenie obiektów na obszarach zagrożonych ruchami masowymi stanowią istotny etap zarówno w projektowaniu, jak i realizacji inwestycji. Metody wzmocnień dobierane są na podstawie badań geotechnicznych, możliwości technologicznych oraz wymagań stawianych planowanej konstrukcji. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę terenów osuwiskowych, przyczyny ich powstawania, metodologię badań przemieszczeń mas ziemnych wraz z analizą wyników badań inklinometrycznych Skarpy Wiślanej w Płocku. Ponadto wskazano sposoby zabezpieczeń terenu osuwisk pod inwestycje budowlane z syntetycznym opisem ich cech i funkcjonalności.

EN

Strengthening and stabilization of the area for erecting facilities in areas at risk of mass movements are an important stage in both the design and implementation of the investment. The reinforcements methods are selected on the basis of geotechnical tests, technological capabilities and the requirements of the planned structure. The article presents the characteristics of landslide areas, the causes of their formation, the methodology of earth mass displacement studies, along with the analysis of the results of inclinometric studies on the Vistula Escarpment in Płock. In addition, methods of securing landslides for construction investments with a synthetic description of their features and functionality were indicated.

4

Zastosowanie indeksowej metody statystycznej do analizy podatności osuwiskowej wybranego obszaru z terenu województwa podkarpackiego

Ochab Piotr, Skrzypczak Izabela, Duda Aleksander, Sikora Anna, Błazik-Borowa Ewa, Nepelski Krzysztof, Lal Agnieszka, Sulewska Maria

Materiały Budowlane

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2023

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nr 12

57--61

PL

Osuwiska należą do najniebezpieczniejszych i najczęściej występujących geozagrożeń na terenie Polski. Bardzo ważną rolę w minimalizowaniu strat ma odpowiednie planowanie przestrzenne bazujące na dokładnych mapach podatności osuwiskowej terenu, które stanowią podstawę procesu określania zagrożenia, a następnie szacowania ryzyka. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie metody opracowania mapy podatności osuwiskowej wybranego obszaru Pogórza Dynowskiego pod kątem oceny zagrożenia osuwiskowego. Finalna mapa podatności na osuwanie obszaru badań została opracowana w skali lokalnej z wykorzystaniem indeksowej metody statystycznej. Poszczególne mapy czynników mających wpływ na osuwanie terenu uwzględniają: nachylenie zbocza; ekspozycję; bliskość cieków wodnych; geologię.

EN

Landslides are among the most dangerous and common geohazards in Poland. A very important role in minimizing losses has a proper spatial planning based on accurate landslide susceptibility maps of the area, which are the basis of the process of determining the threat and then estimating the risk. The purpose of this article is to develop a landslide susceptibility map of a selected area of the Dynowskie Foothills in terms of landslide hazard assessment. The final landslide susceptibility map of the study area was developed on a local scale using the Index Statistical Method. The individual maps of factors affecting landslides were based on several thematic sections: slope slope, exposure, proximity to watercourses, geology.

5

Sposoby zabezpieczenia osuwisk

Magazyn Autostrady

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2023

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Nr 5

53--54

PL

Zabezpieczenie osuwisk to istotny proces mający na celu zapobieganie lub minimalizowanie niebezpieczeństwa wynikającego z ruchów masowych terenu. Istnieje kilka sposobów zabezpieczenia osuwisk, które mogą być stosowane w zależności od charakterystyki konkretnego osuwiska oraz jego otoczenia.

6

SAR interferometry for landslide investigation and surface deformation monitoring: a case study of Souk Ahras area, north-east of Algeria

Gueraidia Nour El Houda, Fehdi Chemseddine, Gueraidia Saida

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 2

37--55

EN

Landslides – natural disasters be caused by various factors - are frequent in the region surrounding Souk Ahras. Comprehensive fieldwork, such as geotechnical drilling investigations and soil excavations, is conducted to monitor ground movements and assess the feasibility of geological locations. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and other active satellite remote sensors are utilized in Earth Observation-based systems to identify and track ground deformation and landslides in the study area. This research aims to illustrate how open-source processing software, SNAP, provided by the European Space Agency, can be combined with freely available datasets from Copernicus to accomplish this goal. In the North Eastern part of Algeria, which includes Souk Ahras, there is a high risk of landslides Through the use of InSAR technology, the research provided satisfactory results in identifying the morphology of landslides and generating a largescale interferometric map covering several regions in the East of Algeria, revealing the extent of distortion and spacing caused by the landslide phenomenon.

7

Landslide survey at Cam Mountain (An Giang, Vietnam) by seismic refraction and GPR methods

Nguyen Giang Van, Nguyen Dung Quang, Le Thanh Ngoc

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 68, no. 4

603--620

EN

Cam Mountain in An Giang Province, Vietnam, is a granite peak that is severely fractured and eroded on its slopes and summit. Trees cover the top of the mountain and around the side of the mountain. The roads are the primary means of transportation for indigenous people and tourists daily. Recently, there has been a phenomenon of large-sized boulders rolling down from the top of the mountain, causing an accident and killing tourists. To investigate the internal causes of landslides on a 2.3 km road stretch, geophysical profiles using GPR and seismic refraction methods were conducted to clarify the current status of geological structures beneath the road surface. The refractive seismic data analysis revealed four distinct layers based on elastic wave propagation velocity. Velocity values range from 1000 to 3000 m/s for the 2 upper layers corresponding to the weathered, broken, and highly fractured rock layers and in the lower 2 layers from 3000 to more than 4500 m/s, respectively corresponding to less fractured rock on the depth of more than 50 m. According to GPR data, the structural cross-section to an average depth of 30 m is a more complex picture. Detected 6 layers with different degrees of fracture cracking and showing different structural zones. In a few places are the drainage creeks from the mountain. These places need to be monitored regularly to have a basis for predicting landslides and rockfalls in the area of Cam Mountain. Landslides occur in geological rocks which are of different ages: claystone, mudstone, siltstone, shale, or marlstone. The rock-falls occur in more compact rocks: metamorphic or igneous rocks.

8

The landslide in the slope and side of the Warta River valley in the village of Wronki - process analysis, exploratory research, preventive measures, monitoring

Flieger-Szymańska Michalina, Sobkowiak Jerzy, Machowiak Katarzyna, Krawczyk Anna

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 3

285--300

EN

The landslide is located in Wronki. It covers the southern side on the bank of the Warta River and occupy an area of 500 m in length. The landslide was once again activated on August 22-23, 2018, causing numerous failures. The Warta River slope in the area of mass movements is built by non-construction embankments, under which the Poznan Miocene-Pliocene of quasi-layered structure lie. There are horizontal interlayers of sandy silts in these clays. The Warta drains water from a large area, and the runoff takes place mainly on the roof of clays. The slide surface of the landslide was precisely the roof of the Poznan clays. Bearing in mind the properties of the Poznan clays, such as relaxation, block disintegration, expansiveness features, the following were considered the direct causes of the failure: heavy rainfall that occurred after a drought, loading of the slope with indiscriminate cubature buildings, construction of a linear sewage system and periodically repeated vibrations caused by the implementation of neighboring investments. In order to identify the area, test boreholes were made, samples were taken for laboratory tests, and geodetic measurements were taken. Based on the obtained results, slope stability calculations were made and a measurement network was developed for systematic monitoring of geodetic displacements of control points. It was recommended to perform drainage to drain the slope and side of the Warta River, plant bushes, and make changes to the land development plan in order to prohibit further development of the area in the endangered zone.

PL

Opisywane osuwisko znajduje się w miejscowości Wronki, powiecie szamotulskim, województwie wielkopolskim. Obejmuje ono zbocze południowe, po lewej stronie rzeki Warty i zajmuje teren o rozciągłości ok. 500 m. Osuwisko po raz kolejny uaktywniło się w dniach 22-23 sierpnia 2018 r. powodując liczne awarie i zniszczenia. Skarpę Warty w obszarze występujących ruchów masowych budują nasypy niekontrolowane (o zróżnicowanym składzie), pod którymi zalegają mioceńsko-plioceńskie iły serii poznańskiej o quasi-warstwowej budowie - w iłach występują horyzontalne wkładki pyłów piaszczystych. Rzeka Warta drenuje wody z dużego obszaru, a spływ wód odbywa się głównie po stropie iłów. Strefę poślizgu stanowił właśnie strop iłów serii poznańskiej. Mając na uwadze właściwości iłów serii poznańskiej takie jak odprężenie (powstanie powierzchni zlustrzeń), dezintegracja blokowa, cechy ekspansywności (pęcznienie i skurcz), za bezpośrednią przyczynę awarii uznano: obfite opady, które wystąpiły po długotrwałej suszy, wieloletnie dociążanie skarpy nieprzemyślaną zabudową kubaturową, budowę liniowej instalacji kanalizacyjnej w obrębie skarpy oraz okresowo powtarzające się drgania spowodowane realizacją sąsiednich inwestycji (m.in. wbijanie pali czy mikrowybuchy). W celu rozpoznania terenu wykonano liczne otwory badawcze, pobrano próbki do badań laboratoryjnych, wykonano pomiary geodezyjne. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników, dokonano obliczeń stateczności skarpy i opracowano sieć pomiarową do systematycznego monitoringu przemieszczeń geodezyjnych punków kontrolnych. Zalecono wykonanie drenażu w celu odwodnienia skarpy i zbocza Warty, posadzenie krzewów, dokonanie zmian w planie zagospodarowania przestrzennego w celu wprowadzenia zakazu dalszej zabudowy terenu w strefie zagrożonej.

9

Landslide triggered by small excavation – numerical simulations

Grodecki Michał

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 4

293--301

EN

The main objective of this work is to present the results of numerical simulations of the landslide triggered by small excavation. In south-eastern Poland in 2019, during excavation for a gas pipeline (relatively small – maximal depth 2.7 m), a landslide was observed. Length of the landslide was about 80 m, width about 50 m, maximal depth 6.5 m. Excavation was partially buried. Observed cracks of the terrain surface were wide, up to 0.8 m. Stability of the landslide was analyzed using the proportional reduction of the soil strength parameters (c-fi reduction) algorithm with the use of ZSoil.PC Finite Element Method (FEM) system. Stability analysis of the slope before and after excavation was performed, together with analysis of the tendency of the landslide to propagate upwards. The obtained stability loss modes were compared with the results of the field observations and a good correlation was noticed. Hypothesis that a landslide was triggered by small excavation was proved (although reasonable margin of safety was obtained for state before excavation, stability factor SF = 1.60). Use of residual soil strength parameters (instead of peak ones) and activation of cut-off (no tension) condition are advised. Presented methodology is open and can be used in engineering practice.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki symulacji numerycznych osuwiska wywołanego przez mały wykop. W południowo-wschodniej Polsce w 2019 r. w czasie wykopów związanych z wykonywaniem gazociągu (niewielkich, o maksymalnej głębokości 2.7 m) doszło do powstania osuwiska. Długość osuwiska wynosiła około 80 m, szerokość około 50 m, maksymalna głębokość 6.5 m. Wykop został częściowo zasypany przez osuwający się grunt. Zaobserwowano szerokie pęknięcia powierzchni terenu, o szerokości do 80 cm. Stateczność osuwiska analizowano z wykorzystaniem metody proporcjonalnej redukcji parametrów wytrzymałościowych gruntu (c-φ redukcji). Obliczenia wykonano za pomocą systemu Metody Elementów Skończonych (MES) ZSoil.PC. Analizowano stateczność zbocza przed i po wykonaniu wykopu oraz tendencję osuwiska do dalszej propagacji w górę stoku. Uzyskane mechanizmy utraty stateczności porównano z wynikami obserwacji terenowych i stwierdzono dobrą zgodność. Hipoteza, że osuwisko zostało spowodowane przez mały wykop została potwierdzona (mimo że w stanie przed wykonaniem wykopu zbocze posiadało wysoki współczynnik stateczności wynoszący 1.60). Zaleca się wykorzystywanie w obliczeniach stateczności rezydualnych wartości parametrów wytrzymałościowych gruntu oraz wykorzystanie warunku cut-off (oznaczającego brak wytrzymałości gruntu na rozciąganie). Prezentowana metodologia może być wykorzystana w praktyce inżynierskiej.

10

Numerical study of debris flows around bridge piers

Thai Thi Kim Chi

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2022

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Vol. 21, no. 4

331--342

EN

Landslide is a natural hazard that has crucial direct impact on the socio-economic system. Among various types of landslides, debris flows are a major threat to transportation structures such as bridges in mountainous areas. Vulnerability analysis of bridges that are exposed to debris flows is an important part of risk assessment and management. In the presented study, the characteristics of debris flows around bridge piers are investigated numerically for different boundary conditions using ANSYS FLUENT software. The non-Newtonian power-law model was used to model the debris flow. Drag coefficient was also determined to quantify the vulnerability of bridge piers to debris flows with different velocities and Reynolds numbers.

PL

Osuwiska stanowią naturalne zagrożenie mające bezpośredni wpływ na środowisko, warunki społeczne i ekonomiczne. Spośród różnych typów osuwisk, spływy rumoszowe stanowią poważne zagrożenie dla konstrukcji drogowych, takich jak mosty w terenach górzystych. Analiza podatności mostów na uszkodzenia spowodowane spływem rumoszowym jest ważnym elementem oceny ryzyka i zarządzania nimi. W niniejszej pracy zbadano charakterystyki spływów rumoszowych w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie filarów mostu, wykorzystując symulacje numeryczne, dla różnych warunków brzegowych, przy zastosowaniu oprogramowania ANSYS FLUENT. Do modelowania spływu rumoszowego użyto potęgowego modelu reologicznego cieczy nienewtonowskiej. W celu oceny ilościowej odporności filarów mostu na spływy rumoszowe charakteryzujące się różnymi prędkościami i liczbami Reynoldsa, w artykule wyznaczono także współczynnik oporu przepływu osuwiska rumoszowego.

11

Monitoring dynamiki ruchów powierzchni osuwisk w warunkach zmiennego poziomu wód gruntowych z wykorzystaniem reflektorów radarowych

Perski Zbigniew, Wojciechowski Tomasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

661--670

EN

The main objective of the presented analysis was to investigate to what extent even minor changes in the hydrological and hydrogeological environment affect the changes in the dynamics of landslide surface displacement. The research was carried out for selected monitored landslides, which, in addition to the in-depth monitoring devices, were equipped with corner reflectors suitable for satellite radar interferometry measurements. The high temporal resolution of the interferometric data allowed demonstrating the existence of a relationship between the speed of surface movements and slight changes in the depth to the groundwater table. The analyses were performed for five landslides, which also showed a high dependence of these compounds on the geological structure of the landslide and its substrate.

12

Litologiczny wskaźnik przemieszczeń materiału skalnego jako element oceny podatności stoków na osuwanie

Wódka Marcin

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

695--700

EN

The use of multi-temporal LIDAR data in the study of landslides gives many possibilities. The increasing-over-time availability of ALS data encouraged research on development of landslides using Differential Digital Terrain Models. An important passive factor that determines the development of landslides (especially in the Carpathians) is lithology. The author propose a new lithological displacement index, that dscribes the volume of displaced ground (m3 ) per area of 1 m2 of a given lithological unit. The example of the test area of Rożnowskie Lake has shown that lithological displacement index can assess the landslide susceptibility, which is variable and depends on the amount of rainfall. During periods of heavy rainfall, large volumes of displaced rock masses were recorded in the thick-bedded formations. In dry periods, the trend is reversed.

13

Dokumentowanie geologiczno-inżynierskie osuwisk w aspekcie głębokości występowania powierzchni poślizgu

Kos Jarosław, Wójcik Antoni

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

627--635

EN

When conducting geological and engineering research, the most common statement is information that the landslide is shallow and should not pose a threat to the designed objects. In the case of large, structural landslides, this approach may lead, with the wrong determination of the deepest slip surface, to the occurrence of a construction disaster as a result of improper execution of the protection structure. The article presents specific locations of landslides with deep displacements in inclinometric columns exemplified by landslides monitored as part of the SOPO project in Tarnawa Górna, Słotowa and Międzybrodzie Bialskie - Łazki. The documented slip surfaces are found at depths of 19-42 m. Such deep displacements indicate that large, landslides reach significant thicknesses and such data should be presented in a geological and engineering documentation. It is proposed to modify the regulation on the execution of the geological and engineering documentation by adding a point regarding the documentation of landslides. If such an area exists, special requirements must be met when conducting geological surveys.

14

Landslide stability analysis with the use of the design of experiments method – case study of souk ahras, Algeria

Charef Nouar, Mezhoudi Issam, Boumezbeur Abderrahmane, Harrat Nabil

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

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no. 4

137--150

EN

In the northeast of Algeria, Souk Ahras area is known for the severity and spread of landslides, especially in Mechroha and Zaarouria municipalities. Stability analysis of landslides in these areas depends on the calculations of safety factor according to several parameters (physical, mechanical, geological…). The aim of this study is to investigate the parameters affecting the safety factor using the design of experiments (DOE) method, central composite design (CCD) and response surfaces methodology (RSM). These methods use parameter modeling and optimization to discuss a solution of landslide hazard by developing models of safety factor (Fs) considered as response. The other parameters adopted as input independent factors are geotechnical physical and mechanical parameters such as: the dry and wet unit weight (γd, γh), the water content (w), the plasticity and liquidity limits and the plasticity index (WL, WP, IP), the percentage of fine elements Ff (%) < 0.08 mm), the cohesion C and the internal friction angle (Phi). Obtained results show high correlations with a regression coefficient R2 of 0.88 and 0.93 in the two cases study and the predicted factor of safety model fit best to those obtained in the analytical and numerical modeling procedure. The final model is applicable to give reliable results on the safety factor of landslides.

15

A conceptual sector-scale numerical modeling of a landslide in an open pit mine

Koca Tümay Kadakci

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 67, no. 2

275--287

EN

In this study, an old rotational landslide that has reactivated in the NW sector of an open-pit mine operated within the gneiss rock unit was evaluated for geological and hydrogeological properties. The pit slopes were susceptible to mass movement when there were variations in water inflows. Considering this fact, a conceptual numerical model concerning geostructural features, rainfall infiltration, and varying hydrological conditions was constructed. Initially, finite element (FE) groundwater seepage analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of water flow on stability in the dry and rainy seasons. The rainy season was simulated by vertical infiltration. Since the dewatering measures are of importance in open pit slope instability mitigation, pumping wells were designed to control water flow through the disturbed zone to improve the stability of the sector that can be triggered again with changing environmental conditions. The performance and organization of the pumping wells were also simulated in the FE model. This FE model was part of a dewatering plan. From this, the effect of the pumping rate from the wells on the stability of the sector was revealed. It was also found that there should be an increase in the pumping rate in the rainy season.

16

Geophysical investigation and the use of their results in the evaluation of the stability of slopes of artificial water reservoirs in the flysch Carpathians

Bestyński Zbigniew, Sieinski Edmund, Śliwiński Piotr

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 3

71--85

EN

The article presents the possibility of using geophysical surveys to assess the stability of Carpathian slopes built of flysch deposits susceptible to mass movements. Landslide slopes located in the coastal zone of artificial water reservoirs are particularly susceptible to the loss of stability due to the erosion of this zone and the changing water level in the reservoir. Geophysical surveys of landslides carried out as a part of the research programs: PR-7 carried out by IMGW in 1972-1980 and SOPO carried out by PGI in 2009-2016 made it possible to develop a methodology of geophysical surveys enabling the determination of the geometry (course of the slip surface and range levels) of the existing landslides, information necessary to carry out a computational analysis of their stability. Examples of geometry of landslides in the coastal zone of the Czorsztyn reservoir and landslides in the area of hydrotechnical drifts of the Swinna-Poreba dam were presented. The possibility of a quantitative evaluation of the stability of the Carpathian slopes was also proposed on the basis of the SMR (Slope Mass Rating) proposed by M. Romana, using the KFG (Klasyfikacja Fliszu-Geofizyczna) geophysical classification equivalent to the RMR (Rock Mass Rating) classification by Z.T. Bieniawski for the assessment of the massif. A dozen or so active landslides were compiled for which the stability was determined using the SMR method.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania badań geofizycznych w ocenie stateczności zboczy karpackich zbudowanych z podatnych na ruchy masowe utworów fliszowych. Szczególnie podatne na utratę stateczności, z powodu erozji strefy brzegowej i zmiennego poziomu wody w zbiorniku, są zbocza osuwiskowe położone w strefie brzegowej sztucznych zbiorników wodnych. Badania geofizyczne osuwisk wykonane w ramach programów badawczych PR-7, realizowanego przez IMGW w latach 1972-1980 i SOPO, realizowanego przez PIG w latach 2009-2016, umożliwiły wypracowanie metodyki badań geofizycznych umożliwiających określenie geometrii (przebieg powierzchni poślizgu i poziomy zasięg) istniejących osuwisk, informacji niezbędnej do przeprowadzenia analizy obliczeniowej ich stateczności. Przedstawiono przykłady rozpoznania geometrii osuwisk w strefie brzegowej zbiornika Czorsztyn oraz osuwisk w rejonie sztolni hydrotechnicznych zapory Świnna-Poręba. Przedstawiono również możliwość ilościowej oceny stateczności zboczy karpackich na podstawie klasyfikacji SMR (Slope Mass Rating) zaproponowanej przez M. Romanę, wykorzystując do oceny masywu klasyfikację geofizyczną KFG (Klasyfikacja Fliszu - Geofizyczna) równoważną z klasyfikacją RMR (Rock Mass Rating) Z.T. Bieniawskiego. Zestawiono kilkanaście czynnych osuwisk, dla których określono stateczność metodą SMR.

17

Spatial-temporal analysis of landslides in complex hillslopes of catchments using Dynamic Topmodel

Bahmani Farid, Fattahi Mohamad Hadi, Sabzevari Touraj, Haghighi Ali Torabi, Talebi Ali

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 3

1417--1432

EN

Hillslopes of the catchments in nature have three forms (convergent, divergent, parallel) in terms of plan shape and also in terms of floor curvature profile, they have three convex, concave, and straight shapes combining into complex hillslopes. Previous studies indicated the topography and geometry of complex hillslopes influence their hydrologic responses/attributes in both surface and subsurface flow. The three-dimensional shape and geometry of the hillslopes were introduced into Topmodel as the new parameters, and a complex Topmodel was presented that could check the saturation of different parts of complex hillslopes. The complex Topmodel model was linked to the landslide model “SINMAP”. Finally, the spatial– temporal variations of the saturation of the complex hillslopes and their stability rate were investigated using the Dynamic Topmodel. Results revealed that the influence of local slope, which is a function of curvature of the hillslopes, is more dominant than the saturation rate on the stability of the hillslopes. In contrast with convex hillslopes, the downstream in the concave hillslopes was more stable than upstream. Nevertheless, the upstream area in the concave hillslopes and downstream in the convex ones can be prioritized to implement artificial stabilization.

18

Dokumentowanie geologiczno-inżynierskie osuwisk na terenie fliszu karpackiego

Kos Jarosław, Wójcik Antoni

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 12

825--834

EN

When conducting geological surveys in landslide areas, it is important to define the scope of the planned geological works. The most important issue in the study of landslides is the recognition of the depth and shape of the slip surface. This requires the correct type of drilling and a good core quality. Most often, within a single landslide, several slip surfaces are documented, which occur at different depths, which is associated with a complex manner of motion and shear. Proper determination of the deepest sliding surfaces allows for the construction of a calculation model and selection of the optimal method of securing the landslide area. The course of the slip surface is often not determined by the depth of the bedrock under the cover formations. Geological diagnosis should depend on the size of the examined landslide and the impact of its activation on potential damage / destruction of existing buildings and technical infrastructure. The method of documenting and carrying out calculations is presented as recommended in landslide areas. In the first step, calculations should be made on the basis of data obtained from field work and parameters obtained from laboratory tests. Monitoring should complement field research and assess the scale of displacements. Conducting stability calculations should be a standard for the preparation of geological and engineering documentation of landslides and areas at risk of mass movements. It allows you to assess the risk and threats to the planned investment or protective structure. This is to provide permanent safeguards to prevent damage to buildings that have been designed on the basis of uncertain geological data. It is postulated to modify the ordinance on the implementation of geological and engineering documentation by adding a point concerning the documentation of landslides. If there is such an area, special requirements must be met when conducting geological surveys.

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Skala OMI.pl

Jeż Tomasz, Flieger-Szymańska Michalina, Kędzierski Miłosz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2021

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R. 92, nr 11-12

68--71

PL

Autorzy zaproponowali nową skalę służącą do porównywania ze sobą ruchów masowych różnego typu. Okazuje się, że skala OMI, bo tak ją nazwano, ma pewne mankamenty. Specyfika ruchów masowych rejestrowanych w Polsce, głównie ich mniejsze rozmiary oraz brak ofiar śmiertelnych, powoduje, że w „ogólnoświatowej” skali OMI polskie ruchy masowe mają zbliżone do siebie niskie noty. Wobec tego zdecydowano się na wprowadzenie lokalnej skali OMI dla Polski (OMI.pl), w której bierze się pod uwagę typowe dla naszego kraju rozmiary ruchów masowych i ich skutki. Artykuł przybliża sposób oceny ruchów masowych według skali OMI.pl.

EN

The authors proposed a new scale for comparing mass movements of different types with each other. It turns out that the OMI scale, as it was called, has some drawbacks. The specificity of mass movements registered in Poland, mainly their smaller size and the lack of fatalities, mean that on the „global” scale of the OMI, Polish mass movements have similar low scores. Therefore, it was decided to introduce the local OMI scale for Poland (OMI.pl), which takes into account the sizes of mass movements typical of our country and their effects. The article presents the method of assessing mass movements according to the OMI.pl scale.

20

Wybrane formy rzeźby terenu w sudeckiej części Geoparku Kraina Wygasłych Wulkanów (pd.-zach. Polska)

Migoń Piotr

Landform Analysis

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2021

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Vol. 40

7--35

PL

Obszar Geoparku Kraina Wygasłych Wulkanów obejmuje część górską (sudecką) i przedgórską. W granicach geoparku znajdują się część Gór Kaczawskich, mających cechy gór niskich oraz część Pogórza Kaczawskiego. Mimo niewielkich wysokości bezwzględnych, rzeźba terenu jest różnorodna pod względem morfologicznym i genetycznym, a zróżnicowanie w dużej mierze nawiązuje do złożonej budowy geologicznej obszaru. Wyróżniające się zespoły form to wzniesienia i grzbiety twardzielcowe, zbudowane ze skał wulkanicznych wieku permskiego i kenozoicznego oraz elementy rzeźby krawędziowej (kuesty) rozwiniętej na permskich i mezozoicznych skałach osadowych. Wśród wzniesień zbudowanych z bazaltów część ma charakter neków. Do odpornościowego zróżnicowania podłoża nawiązują także przełomy rzeczne. Georóżnorodność obszaru uzupełniają formy skałkowe i odziedziczone formy środowiska peryglacjalnego, osuwiska, formy krasowe, przełomy rzeczne związane z reorganizacją sieci odwodnienia po zaniku lądolodu skandynawskiego oraz formy antropogeniczne, głównie związane z działalnością górniczą. Liczne miejsca wyróżniające się pod względem rzeźby mają charakter geostanowisk i są zagospodarowane geoturystycznie lub planowane do takiego zagospodarowania w przyszłości.

EN

The area of Land of Extinct Volcanoes Geopark can be divided into a mountainous (located in the Sudetes Mountains) and a fore-mountain part. Within the former are the low-altitude range of the Kaczawskie Mountains and the hilly land of the Kaczawskie Foothills. Despite their low altitude, morphology is very diverse in terms of both appearance and origin, reflecting to a large extent the complex geological structure of the region. The most distinctive landforms include lithologically-controlled hills and ridges built of Permian and Cenozoic volcanic rocks, as well as cuesta landforms developed on Permian and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Among basaltic hills many are necks. Variable rock resistance is also reflected by the occurrence of fluvial gorges. Further components of regional geodiversity are tors and crags, inherited periglacial landforms, landslides, karst phenomena, water gaps caused by drainage reorganization during Scandinavian ice-sheet decay, and anthropic landforms caused by mining activities. Numerous localities of geomorphological significance may play a role of geosites and are either already developed as local geotourist destinations or planned to be developed in the future.