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1
Content available The analysis of offshore industry transition - acceleration from oil & gas to wind
Kołakowski P., Rutkowski G.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2022
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Vol. 16 No. 2
375--384
EN
The present paper provides an overview of the current state and future trends of the offshore sector worldwide, as well as the relationship between the oil and gas (O&G) and the wind power industry offshore. Study on the offshore energy transition basis on review of literature, reports, and outlooks of main energy agencies, classification societies, and main offshore companies - their pathways and ambitions. A comparative analysis of the oil prices to their extraction at sea. Analysis of new build and scrapped drilling units, and their utilization. This is followed by correlation analysis between the emergence of new projects in O&G and wind farms offshore. The new and cheaper technology, and ambitions to reduce greenhouse (GHG) emission to zero levels, favor renewable. The results disclose that the main O&G companies start investing in renewable technologies. The offshore energy transition has already begun and accelerating. Nevertheless, full transition will take a while, as the global power demand is still too high to be covered only by a renewable source of energy. The number of annual O&G assets decommissioning is double in size compared to the new projects, and Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU) utilization average of 60%. Offshore wind develops dynamically, and the forecasts show that this trend stands at the same high level to cross a number 100 GW produced from offshore wind globally in 2025, but there is a visible lack of Mobile Offshore Wind Power Service Operations Units (MOWU). If well planned there is room for mutual benefits between O&G and wind within the offshore sector due to re-orientation measures.
2
Content available remote Underwater works performed by professional divers for ensuring safety subsea operations in Poland
Mrozowska Alicja
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego
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2022
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XVI
16--23
EN
The paper presents the organization of underwater works performed by pro-fessional divers for ensuring safety of subsea operations. The data collected will allow for the achievement of the main research aim that is to assess the state of safety domestic inventory of equipment for conducting and supporting under-water works The result of the work is the presentation of a wide range of situation in polish commercial diving. The collected data enabling point out area of special sensitivity to eliminate errors at an early stage of the work with using optimal model. In order to better illustrate the subject matter, the paper has been en-riched with numerous data sets and analysis. The analysis used will make it possible to point out that energy protection has to go hand in hand with the safety standards and proper preparation for the operation of offshore energy resources, which should be taken to heart by all those involved in oil and gas activities, including regulators, politicians, maritime users and managers.
3
Content available Multi-criteria comparative analysis of the use of subtractive and additive technologies in the manufacturing of offshore machinery components
Deja Mariusz, Siemiątkowski Mieczysław Stanisław, Zieliński Dawid
Polish Maritime Research
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2020
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nr 3
71--81
EN
The dynamic development of additive manufacturing technologies, especially over the last few years, has increased the range of possible industrial applications of 3D printed elements. This is a consequence of the distinct advantages of additive techniques, which include the possibility of improving the mechanical strength of products and shortening lead times. Offshore industry is one of these promising areas for the application of additive manufacturing. This paper presents a decision support method for the manufacturing of offshore equipment components, and compares a standard subtractive method with an additive manufacturing approach. An analytic hierarchy process was applied to select the most effective and efficient production method, considering CNC milling and direct metal laser sintering. A final set of decision criteria that take into account the specifics of the offshore industry sector are provided.
4
Content available How to improve safety on the offshore installations
Mrozowska A., Mrozowski P.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2019
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Vol. 13, no. 2
291--296
EN
Reviving is noticeable in the field of oil and gas production located under the seabed. The off-shore projects are being implemented. Due to this, the risk of accidents at each stage of production should be considered continually. The offshore market, both oil and gas as well as renewable energy, is estimated to increase steadily in the coming years. Therefore, the operations on the production oil field must be suitably protected at every stage of performing work. The paper describes how important Job Safety Analyses are for proper operations. The main aim of the article is to indicate steps and the best way of performing JSA on board of the offshore installation to reduce the risk of emergency. The selected disasters and major accidents indicate that the conducted activity is exposed to the risk of hazards to the natural environment and to people at every stage of the reservoir exploitation. The authors use the analysis of available international reports, the experience gained while working on different types of the offshore vessels and installations as well as in the Polish offshore company.
5
Content available Analysis of the reliability of data on the density of traffic of fishing vessels engaged in fishing with regard to the risk of damage to underwater cables
Marcjan K., Dzikowski R.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2018
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nr 56 (128)
86--92
EN
Accidental damage to underwater cables caused by ship traffic seems to be a current problem. According to the statistics more than 44 percent of such damage is caused by fishing vessels. The reason for the next 14 percent is damage from ships’ anchors. The construction of the underwater installation risk model was based on the determination of the density of the traffic in the area where the installation is located. There are several models used to assess the risk of underwater cable damage requiring the implementation of data on the density of traffic of fishing vessels. For this purpose, they usually use AIS (Automatic Identification System) data or statistical data on traffic density in the areas called fishing squares. The aim of this article was to compare traffic data that was based on two independent systems AIS and VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) and verify the reliability of them. The research was carried out in the area of the Slupsk Bank where an underwater cable has been damaged several times. The authors have demonstrated the need to verify the data from both systems in order to obtain reliable information about fishing vessels.
6
Content available Analysis of Ship Traffic Over Subsea Pipeline in the Gdańska Bay Area
Dzikowski R., Marcjan K.
Annual of Navigation
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2017
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No. 24
207--220
EN
The paper discusses issues of the impact of traffic density of the vessels on the sea surface to offshore underwater pipelines. The risk includes vessel foundering, sinking, grounding, dropping and dragging anchors, trawling fishing gear. The density of merchant, offshore field support vessels and fishing vessels presented by this paper is base for build risk model for underwater infrastructures. As an example it has been analyzed ships traffic over underwater gas pipeline between platform Baltic Beta and Wladyslawowo power plant.
PL
W artykule omówiono problematykę wpływu gęstości ruchu statków na bezpieczeństwo rurociągu podwodnego. Zagrożenia takiego rurociągu obejmują między innymi uderzenie, zaczepienie lub uszkodzenie bezpośrednio przez kadłub statku, jego kotwice, a także zaczepienie zestawem trałowym statku rybackiego. Analiza gęstości ruchu nad rurociągiem pozwala na budowę modelu ryzyka rurociągów osadzonych w dnie morskim oraz modelu zagrożenia dla rozbudowanej infrastruktury podwodnej. Jako poligon badawczy przyjęto rurociąg gazowy łączący platformę Baltic Beta i elektrownię Władysławowo.
7
Content available QRA of accidental events initiated by leaks causing a fire in process industries
Briš R., Grunt O.
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
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2015
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Vol. 17, no. 4
582--590
EN
Risk to safety of personnel in process industries is normally modelled by the application of Event Trees, where the risk is defined as a product of event frequency and its consequences. This method is steady state whilst the actual event is time dependent. For example, gas release is an event comprising the size of gas cloud being released, probabilities of ignition, fire or explosion, fatality, escalation to new releases and fire and/or explosion, and the probability of fatality, all varying with time. This paper brings new perspective, how the risk to safety of personnel could be evaluated in dynamic context. A new approach is presented whereby the time-dependent events and the time-dependent probability of fatality are modelled by means of the analytical computation method based on modeling of different accident scenarios by use of the directed acyclic graph (DAG) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method. Using these methods the modeled scenarios change with relevant probabilities at defined times to configurations with appropriate probabilities of fatalities.The paper uses a realistic example from the offshore industry, where different sizes of leak have different probability characteristics. Specifically small, medium and large leaks are evaluated. Based on the dynamic evolution of the probability of fatality, it is concluded that the most dangerous leak is the large one. Probability of fatality caused by the leak increased very rapidly within first 5 minutes. At the end of 5th minute, there is approximately one order of magnitude difference in the probabilities of fatality associated with the respective leak sizes.
PL
Zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa pracowników w przemyśle przetwórczym jest zwykle modelowane za pomocą drzewa zdarzeń, gdzie ryzyko jest zdefiniowane jako iloczyn częstotliwości zdarzenia i jego skutków. Metoda ta dotyczy stanu stacjonarnego, podczas gdy rzeczywiste zdarzenie jest zależne od czasu. Na przykład, ulatnianie się gazu jest zdarzeniem, które wiąże się z wielkością obłoku uwalnianego gazu, prawdopodobieństwem zapłonu, pożaru lub wybuchu, śmiertelnością, eskalacją pod kątem dalszego wycieku i pożaru i/lub wybuchu, oraz prawdopodobieństwem ofiar śmiertelnych, w każdym przypadku zależnie od czasu. Niniejsza praca pokazuje nowe podejście do tego, jak zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa pracowników może być rozpatrywane w kontekście dynamicznym. Nowe metoda polega na tym, iż zdarzenia zależne od czasu i zależne od czasu prawdopodobieństwo śmiertelności są modelowane za pomocą analitycznej metody obliczeń opartej na modelowaniu różnych scenariuszy wypadków przez zastosowanie skierowanego grafu acyklicznego (DAG) i metody analizy drzewa błędów (FTA). Dzięki zastosowaniu niniejszych metod, modelowane scenariusze zmieniają się wraz z odpowiednimi prawdopodobieństwami w określonych czasach na konfiguracje z właściwymi prawdopodobieństwami śmiertelności. Artykuł wykorzystuje rzeczywisty przykład z branży morskiej, gdzie różne rozmiary wycieku wykazują różne parametry prawdopodobieństwa. Szczegółowo oceniane są małe, średnie i duże wycieki. W oparciu o dynamiczną ewolucję prawdopodobieństwa ofiar śmiertelnych, należy stwierdzić, że najbardziej niebezpieczny jest duży wyciek. Prawdopodobieństwo ofiar śmiertelnych spowodowanych wyciekiem gwałtownie wzrasta w ciągu pierwszych 5 minut. Na koniec 5. minuty, występuje różnica w przybliżeniu o jeden rząd wielkości w prawdopodobieństwie śmiertelności związanej z odpowiednimi wielkościami wycieku.
8
Content available Channel Utilization in South Louisiana Using AIS Data, 2011-2012
Kaiser M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2014
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Vol. 8 no. 4
515--522
EN
South Louisiana is undergoing rapid land loss and the construction and utilization of navigation channels by the offshore oil and gas industry, the commercial fishing industry, the oil refining industry, and freight shippers is one cause. A network of natural and man-made navigation channels support commerce and industry throughout the region, but no quantitative information is available on the users of the channels and their contribution to land loss. The purpose of this note is to characterize utilization across eight channels in South Louisiana using data from the Automatic Identification System. Approximately 125,000 vessels used the channels over a two year period between 2011-2012. The Mississippi River was the most heavily utilized channel with an average of 345 vessels per week across the report zone, followed by Bayou Lafourche and Sabine Pass with about 195 vessels per week. The oil refining industry was the primary user of the Calcasieu and Sabine Pass channels while the freight industry was the primary user of the Mississippi River. The offshore oil and gas industry were the primary users of Bayou Lafourche, the Houma Navigation Canal, the Atchafalaya River and Freshwater Bayou.
9
Content available Challenges to Ship Hydrodynamics in the XXI Century
Kobyliński L.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2014
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Vol. 8, no. 3
353--358
EN
The beginning of twenty-first century is characterized with important changes in world shipping and exploitation of ocean resources. Three important trends are clearly visible: environment protection, safety and economy. They materialize in important changes in the structure of world fleet where some existing ship types are going to disappear and new ship types emerge. Increasing the size of some ship types is another visible tendency. Stress on environment protection has serious impact on the hydrodynamic characteristics of ships whether with regard to safety zero accident rate is the goal. Important challenges to ship hydrodynamics caused by those tendencies are discussed in the paper.
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