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PL
Tematem pracy jest ocena izolacyjności cieplnej materiałów przeznaczonych na cholewki obuwia. Omówiono wyniki dla tekstylnych oraz skórzanych wierzchów komponowanych z tekstylnymi lub skórzanymi podszewkami. Na mocy oceny porównawczej przeprowadzonej dla poszczególnych układów sporządzono jakościową charakterystykę dostępnych konfiguracji materiałów obuwniczych w obrębie cholewki.
EN
The aim of this study is evaluation of insulation properties of upper materials and compositions. The experimental results were discussed according to textile and leather uppers mixed with textile or leather linings. With regard to the comparative analysis, the characteristics of optimal configurations of footwear materials was drawn up.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki porównawczych badań wytrzymałości na przebicie styllusem obuwia specjalnego, stosowanego obecnie w jednostkach ochrony przeciwpożarowej. W celu porównawczym badania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem ostrza znajdującego się w temperaturze normalnej 20°c oraz podwyższonej, wynoszącej 200°c. Do badań wykorzystano dwie nieużywane pary obuwia specjalnego skórzanego. Obuwie tego tyPU charakteryzuje się wzmocnieniem podeszwy oraz noska buta. Materiał, z którego zostały wykonane charakteryzuje duża odporność w warunkach atmosferycznych w zakresie temperatur od –20°c do+40°c. W strażackim obuwiu specjalnym materiał wierzchni mogą stanowić m.in.: skóry naturalne, np. bukaty bydlęce licowe, welurowe, dwoiny bydlęce kryte lub welurowe, materiały skóropodobne, PVC, poliuretan, tkaniny impregnowane, inne materiały [8]. Technologia ta powoduje zwiększenie napięcia powierzchniowego cząsteczek wody, co wstrzymuje przesiąkanie (materiały hydrofobowe). Do wykonania spodów najczęściej wykorzystuje się poniższe materiały i procesy technologiczne [9]: GUMA/ GUMA – dwustopniowa wulkanizacja elektromechaniczna, PU/TPU – dwustopniowy wtrysk poliuretanu, PU/PU– dwustopniowy wtrysk poliuretanu o dwóch gęstościach, PU – jednostopniowy wtrysk poliuretanu, PU/GUMA – bezpośredni wtrysk poliuretanu na wkładkę gumową, inne – łączenie nitrylu, PVC, GUMY. W produkcji obuwia ochronnego wykorzystuje się najczęściej podnoski metalowe, stalowe oraz kompozytowe, a także stalowe i kompozytowe wkładki antyprzebiciowe. Badania wytrzymałościowe wybranych modeli butów o odmiennej konstrukcji, zostały wykonane na specjalnie skonstruowanym innowacyjnym stanowisku opartym na maszynie wytrzymałościowej LabTest 6.100sp.1 ‒2 ‒2300. Skonstruowany układ grzejny ostrza o łącznej mocy 240 w i napięciu wynoszącym 24 v pozwala na swoboda regulację temperatury w zakresie 20 ‒500°c. Wyniki badań wykazały wyraźne różnice w odporności spodów badanych modeli butów. Ponadto wykazano niekorzystny wpływ działania gorącego styllusa, perforacja spodów butów następowała przy mniejszych siłach. Wartość charakteryzująca odporność oraz stopień jej pogorszenia pod działaniem dodatkowego czynnika termicznego, zależy od materiałów warstw spodów i ich konstrukcji. Badania przeprowadzono w ramach projektu badawczo -rozwojowego Nr o rob/ 0011/03/001 „Opracowanie innowacyjnego systemu stanowisk do badań ochron osobistych”. Słowa kluczowe: obuwie specjalne, przebicie, innowacyjne stanowisko.
EN
The article presents the results of the comparative strength tests of the special boots used in fire units which are exposed to the sole Puncture with the stylus. The tests have been carried out using the blade in normal 20 °c and higher 200°c temperature. Two pairs of special boots have been used for the tests. The boots have specially protected soles and toecaps. The material used for their production has a high weatherproof quality , from – 20°c till +40°c. The outside layers of the firefighters’ special boots can be made of the following materials: natural leathers such as , cow leather grain, cow leather suede, covered cow leather split or suede as well as the leatherette materials. pvc, polyurethane, impregnated textures and other materials (8). That technology causes the increase water particles surface tension which stops soaking (hydrophobic materials). To produce the soles the mentioned below materials and technological processes are commonly used(9): GUMA/GUM – two stage electromechanical cure, PU/TPU – two stage polyurethane injection, PU/PU– two stage polyurethane injection with two densities, PU – one stage polyurethane injection, PU/GUMA – direct polyurethane injection on the rubber pad, other – nitrile bonding, PVC, rubber. For the production of the protective boots the most commonly used are the metal, steel and composite toecaps as well as steel and composite antipuncture pads. The strength tests of the selected boot models of different design have been carried out on the specially constructed innovative stand based on the testing machine the LabTest 6. 100sp.1 ‒2 ‒2300. The constructed blade heating system of the total power – 240 w and of the voltage – 24 v makes the free regulation of the temperature within 20–500°c possible. The results have shown the significant differences in the strength of the tested boot soles. Moreover the unfavorable influence of the hot stylus has been shown. The sole punctures were observed at smaller powers. The value characteristic for the strength and the level of its worsening, because of the additional thermic factor, depends on the soles material layers as well as on their design. The tests have been carried out in the framework of the r&d project No. o rob/ 0011/03/001 ‘Development of an innovative stands system for testing personal protection.
EN
People with reduced feet ficiency are in need of raise microbiological comfort and hygienical comfort of footwear. Materials for production of footwear must be choose on the basis of complex evaluation, which include microbiological, hygienical, allergological tests and toxic controls. The hygiene and wholesomeness of footwear may be considerably improved when the materials inside the footwear inhibit microbial growth. The aim of this study was related microbiological criteria evaluation of materials for production of special footwear for people with pathological feet changes and microbiological research of selected materials. Textile composite materials for upper of footwear, textile linings and leather for upper and lining of footwear were microbiologically tested. The evaluation of microbial growth on the specimens cut out from materials was carried out according to the Polish Standard PN-EN ISO. The microbial resistance of footwear materials was tested in bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and fungi: Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Tests showed diversified resistance of materials to particular microorganisms attack. Distance knitted fabric, made of polyamide, showed the most resistance in relate to selected bacteria and fungi. Leather showed the most microbiological sensitiveness. Susceptibility of tested materials to bacteria attack wasn't found. All materials didn't showed antibacterial effect in relate to E. coli, while two samples of antibacterial treatment materials, showed good antibacterial effect against S. aureus. In case of mould polyester and polyamide materials demonstrated natural fungi- resistance, while leather and textile made of polyester microfilament were medium for mould. A large majority of materials didin't mouldproof. Tested materials were stable to pathogenic fungi attack however they showed insufficient effect or lack of fungistatical effect In relate to C. albicans, T. mentagrophytes.
EN
The Institute of Leather Industry in Krakow has been testing and evaluating materials designed for special footwear. Such shoes are mainly the interest of the elder who often face the limitation of mobility due to sensible feet, people with temporary limitations of the lower limbs (after various treatments and surgical operations), as well as people with diabetic foot syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. The analysis of the research allowed selecting as well as to work out new material configurations, that meets the high requirements of such footwear, taking into account the optimal utility and hygienic properties as well as it settles the requirements for physic-mechanical parameters, hygienic parameters and the limits of selected chemical substances for special footwear materials intended for people suffering from limited feet efficiency.
EN
The Institute of Leather Industry in Krakow has been testing and evaluating materials designed for special footwear. Such shoes are mainly the interest of the elder who often face the limitation of mobility due to sensible feet, people with temporary limitations of the lower limbs (after various treatments and surgical operations), as well as people with diabetic foot syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. The analysis of the research allowed selecting as well as to work out new material configurations, that meets the high requirements of such footwear, taking into account the optimal utility and hygienic properties as well as it settles the requirements for physic-mechanical parameters, hygienic parameters and the limits of selected chemical substances for special footwear materials intended for people suffering from limited feet efficiency.
EN
The Institute of Leather Industry in Krakow has been testing and evaluating materials designed for special footwear. Such shoes are mainly the interest of the elder who often face the limitation of mobility due to sensible feet, people with temporary limitations of the lower limbs (after various treatments and surgical operations), as well as people with diabetic foot syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. The analysis of the research allowed selecting as well as to work out new material configurations, that meets the high requirements of such footwear, taking into account the optimal utility and hygienic properties as well as it settles the requirements for physic-mechanical parameters, hygienic parameters and the limits of selected chemical substances for special footwear materials intended for people suffering from limited feet efficiency.
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