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Wykorzystanie energii jądrowej w górnictwie – „nowinki” z lat 70-tych XX w.

Zagożdżon Paweł P.

Hereditas Minariorum

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2020

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Vol. 6

187--192

EN

Wrocław University of Science and Technology script entitled „Basics of mining. Part II. The current state and trends in the development of the exploitation of deposits” by Jan Sajkiewicz and Klaus Strzodka from 1977 shows the then perspective on the possibilities of using atomic explosions in mining. The authors presented selected facts from the realization of the American program for the peaceful use of nuclear energy „Plowshare”. As part of it, the possibilities of using atomic explosions for mining ore deposits, coal gasification, activation of old oil wells, mining of bituminous shale and the creation of underground crude oil and natural gas storage facilities were investigated.

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Wprowadzenie do teorii wybuchów jądrowych

Porowski R.

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2015

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Nr 55 (3)

5--24

PL

W artykule tym omówiono kwestie związanie z wytwarzaniem energii jądrowej podczas wybuchów jądrowych, tj. energii generowanej w wyniku powstawania nowych jąder atomowych, dzięki redystrybucji protonów i neutronów w oddziałującym jądrze, tworząc tym samym po procesie zupełnie nowe pierwiastki. Można osiągnąć to w dwojaki sposób – albo łącząc je w procesie fuzji albo rozdzielając w procesie rozszczepienia. Energia jądrowa początkowo była wykorzystywana w celach wojennych, jednak naukowcy zaczęli się coraz intensywniej zastanawiać nad tym, jak można ją wykorzystać w celach pokojowych z pożytkiem dla ludzi. Opisano tu historię teorii wybuchów jądrowych, a także pierwsze próby ich przeprowadzenia oraz rozwój badań nad ich wykorzystaniem w celu służby społeczeństwu. Wyjaśnione tu zostaną podstawowe zasady rozszczepienia jąder atomów i fuzji oraz mechanizmu reakcji łańcuchowej towarzyszącej wybuchom jądrowym, a także ich zastosowanie w elektrowniach jądrowych. Oprócz tego przedstawiono tu klasyfikację wybuchów jądrowych oraz ich krótką charakterystykę. Następnie opisano projekt Trinity, tzn. pierwszy naziemny test broni jądrowej przeprowadzony przez Stany Zjednoczone w 1945r. oraz zestawiono badania wybuchów jądrowych we Francji w latach 1960-1974.

EN

In article issues related to production of nuclear power during nuclear explosions are discussed (e.g. energy generated during formation of new nuclei due to protons and electrons redistribution). It causes thereby the emergence of new elements. It can be achieved in two ways – connection by fusion and splitting by fission processes. Nuclear energy was used for military purposes initially, but scientists were wondering more and more intensively how to use this energy in a peaceful way, for the people benefits. Furthermore, the history of nuclear explosions is described here, with the first attempts to perform and the development in researches aiming at the use of nuclear power in public service. Basic rules of fission and fusion processes are explained here, and nuclear explosions accompanied by the chain reaction with their applications in nuclear power plants are discussed. Except that, the classification and the characteristic of nuclear explosions are presented. After that, the Trinity test is described, i.e. the first aboveground nuclear weapon test performed by United States in 1945. The article also presents the Nuclear explosion tests in France between 1960-1974.

3

Nowe rozwiązanie technicznego systemu zabezpieczającego schronowe układy wentylacyjne

Mierczyk Z., Szcześniak Z., Zygmunt M., Gietka A., Knysak P., Pieńko B., Piotrowski W., Wojtanowski J.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2013

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R. 81, nr 10

31--39

PL

Omówiono koncepcję rozwiązań technicznych w zakresie poszczególnych sensorów wchodzących w skład nowoczesnego systemu zabezpieczającego układy wentylacyjne schronu.

EN

The paper discusses a concept of technical solutions in the scope of individual sensors included in modern system protecting shelter airing systems.

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Czynniki rażenia broni jądrowej. Cz. 5, Promieniowanie świetlne

Solarz J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2004

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nr 2(55)

276-291

EN

Light radiation is one of five nuclear weapon destructive factors. As the others it may cause serious problems in tactical and operational actions. Similarly to shock wave, light radiation is a phenomenon characteristic not only for nuclear explosions but also conventional ones. Only the amount of energy released after the explosion is different. However, the scale of these phenomena is incomparable and depends on the power of particular blasts. The power of nuclear explosions is thousands or even millions times bigger than any conventional ones. The article presents the idea of nuclear explosion light radiation, its sources and probably effects on people, terrain, equipment and armament. Also the principles of forming a ball of fire, its expansion and character of its radiation. In order to understand the character of this radiation, the influence of light impulses on equipment, people and materials has been discussed in detail underlining the real probability of possible shock.

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Technical preparations for atmospheric radioactivity monitoring

Miyamoto Y., Oda T., Adachi T., Noguchi H., Nishimura H., Usuda S.

Nukleonika

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2001

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Vol. 46, nr 4

123-126

EN

To evaluate the suitability of a location for a radionuclide monitoring station of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) at Takasaki, Japan, the assessment was done in terms of the concentration of natural background radioactive nuclides in airborne dust and soil samples. The samples were taken four times at the proposed site and several points around the site, then their radioactivities were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. For the airborne dust samples, only natural background radionuclides: 212Pb, 7Be and 214Pb were detected. The radioactivity concentrations of these radionuclides varied in four sampling periods but were almost the same as the previous measurements. For the soil samples, the concentration of an anthropogenic radionuclide, 137Cs, fluctuated among the different sampling points and periods, but the concentration of 40K was constant. These concentrations were 2 to 3 times lower than those of the soil taken at JAERI Tokai. Based on these results, the proposed site was evaluated and has been accepted by the CTBT Organization as a CTBT radionuclide monitoring station.

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Ochrona wozów bojowych przed czynnikami rażącymi wybuchu jądrowego

Michałowski B., Papliński K.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1998

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nr 4(33)

152-169

EN

The protection against nuclear explosion destruction factors is one of the components of a complex combat vehicles protection. The article presents the consequences of all destruction factors i.e. blast wave, light impulse (also called light or heat radiation), penetration radiation, electromagnetic impulse, terrain radioactive contamination and their influence upon the vehicle and the crew. The descriptive part of the article has been supplemented by a number of charts and figures presenting the qualitative and quantitative influence and the disintegration in time and space. Basing on the mentioned above analysis, the most essential threats for humans and the ways to counteract these threats have been presented. There have been analysed the ways of protection against selective nuclear explosion destruction factors applied in known combat vehicles construction developments. The state- of-the-art equipment of this type and development trends have been shown.