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A study of the Romanian framework and the challenges in implementing the noise mapping legislation

Popescu Diana Ioana

Archives of Acoustics

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2023

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Vol. 48, No. 2

273--280

EN

The Environmental Noise Directive (END), published in 2002, was transposed into Romanian local law in 2005, and it was the starting point for the first urban noise mapping exercises, initially conducted in nine Romanian cities. This paper presents the main evolutionary aspects of the noise assessment process, the development of strategic noise maps, and action plans, dealing with both the legislative side and the practical approach and results obtained. The study considers the specific regulations established by the European Commission regarding environmental noise assessment and deals with the global context at the country level, in which they have been implemented and applied.

2

Observation and Modelling on the Shipping Noise in Shallow Waters with Complex Islands and Reefs of the East China Sea

Peng Zilong, Zhou Fulin, Fan Jun, Wang Bin, Wen Huabing

Archives of Acoustics

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2021

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Vol. 46, No. 2

301--311

EN

The impact of the noise radiated from merchant ships on marine life has become an active area of research. In this paper, a methodology integrating observation at a single location and modelling the whole noise field in shallow waters is presented. Specifically, underwater radiated noise data of opportunistic merchant ships in the waters of Zhoushan Archipelago were collected at least one day in each month from January 2015 to November 2016. The noise data were analyzed and a modified empirical spectral source level (SSL) model of merchant ships was proposed inspired by the RANDI-3 model (Research Ambient Noise Directionality) methodology. Then combining the modified model with the realistic geoacoustic parameters and AIS data of observed merchant ships, the noise mappings in this area were performed with N × 2D of Normal Mode calculations, in which the SSL of each ship was estimated using the modified model. The sound propagation at different receiving positions is different due to the shielding effect of islands and bottom topography. The methodology proposed in this paper may provide a reference for modelling shipping noise in shallow waters with islands and reefs.

3

Noise Monitoring, Mapping, and Modelling Studies – A Review

Alam Pervez, Ahmad Kafeel, Afsar Shakil S., Akhtar Nasim

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 4

82--93

EN

This paper reviews the literature on noise monitoring, noise mapping and noise modeling studies carried out in different countries by many researchers. The article reveals the current status of the noise-related studies and noise mapping studies. It was discovered that 90% of the noise monitoring studies were focused on the traffic noise, while the remaining 10% focused on the residential, commercial and industrial areas. Sometimes, there may be a necessity to analyze the sound pressure levels all over the place, or around a particular piece of land and machinery of industry. Researchers have used the noise monitoring data for the development of 2D and 3D noise maps which gives a clear picture of the noise level around the source of noise in X, Y, and Z direction. For taking a decision regarding the noise level for any development project, predicting the noise level is always necessary. The traffic noise models are generally used for the purpose of prediction. Early models are based on constant vehicle speed, later some models predicted the noise level for interrupting the traffic flow. For instance, the Stop and Go model can be used for the prediction of the noise level in an interrupted flow. Four such models were reviewed and compared in this article.

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Appraisal of Noise Level Dissemination Surrounding Mining and Industrial Areas of Keonjhar, Odisha: a Comprehensive Approach Using Noise Mapping

Lokhande S. K., Dhawale S. A., Pathak S. S., Gautam R., Jain M. C., Bodhe G. L.

Archives of Acoustics

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2017

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Vol. 42, No. 3

423--432

EN

Noise mapping is a well-established practice among the European nations, and it has been follow for almost two decades. Recently, as per guidelines of the Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS), India, noise mapping has been made mandatory in the mining expanses. This study is an effort to map the noise levels in nearby areas of mines in the northern Keonjhar district. The motive of this study is to quantify the existing A-weighted time-average sound level (LAeq, T) in the study area to probe its effects on the human dwellings and noise sensitive areas with the probability of future development of the mines, roads, and industrial and commercial zone. The LAeq, T was measured at 39 identified locations, including industrial, commercial, residential, and sensitive zones, 15 open cast mines, 3 major highways, and 3 haulage roads. With the utilisation of Predictor LimA Software and other GIS tools, the worked out data is mapped and noise contours are developed for the visualisation and identification of the extent and distribution of sound levels across the study area. This investigation discloses that the present noise level at 60% of the locations in silence and residential zone exposed to significantly high noise levels surpasses the prescribed limit of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. The observed day and night time LAeq, T level of both zones ranged between 43.2–62.2 dB(A) and 30.5–53.4 dB(A), respectively, whereas, the average Ldn values vary between 32.7 and 51.2 dB(A). The extensive mobility of heavy vehicles adjoining the sensitive areas and a nearby plethora of open cast mines is the leading cause of exceeded noise levels. The study divulges that the delicate establishments like schools and hospitals are susceptible to high noise levels throughout the day and night. A correlation between observed and software predicted values gives R2 of 0.605 for Ld, 0.217 for Ln, and 0.524 for Ldn. Finally, the mitigation measure is proposed and demonstrated using a contour map showing a significant reduction in the noise levels by 0–5.3 dB(A).

5

Strategic noise map

Kossakowski P.

Structure and Environment

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2012

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Vol. 4, no. 3

35--43

EN

The paper presents the issue of noise maps preparation. Noise indicators and requirements for strategic noise maps are given. The overall process of noise mapping (including acoustic model stage, gathering data on the noise sources and noise map calculation) is also presented in the article together with examples of a noise map.

6

Analysis of the Grid Sampling Method for Noise Mapping

Gómez Escobar V., Barrigón Morillas J. M., Rey Gozalo G, Vilchez-Gómez R., Carmona del Rio J., Méndez Sierra J. A.

Archives of Acoustics

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2012

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Vol. 37, No. 4

499-514

EN

The grid method is the most widely used technique for measurement-based noise assessment, and indeed is part of the ISO 1996-2 standard. Nevertheless it has certain disadvantages. The present work is an analysis of the grid method for evaluating noise, firstly in the city of C´aceres and, secondly in two other smaller towns. Using as reference a 200 metre grid study, a study was made of the effect of varying the size and form of the grid on the city’s overall noise value, the percentage of data found to lie above some reference thresholds, and the noise value assigned to a certain zone of the city. The ISO 1996 recommendations of the necessity of new sampling points and the method’s predictive capacity for these new measurements were also analyzed.

7

Noise mapping in Romania within the framework of EU directive 2002/49/EC

Popescu D. I.

Archives of Acoustics

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2007

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Vol. 32, No. 2

329-337

EN

The demand for environmental noise information in Romania will increase in the near future, first of all due to the integration of the country in the European Union. Some of the European Commission noise directives have already been transposed in Romanian legislation. According with this new legislation, Romania - like the EU countries - has to provide noise maps and also to prepare noise action plans with measures to reduce noise levels when limits are exceeded. The purpose is the definition of a common approach intended to avoid, prevent or reduce the harmful effects of the environmental noise. The paper aims to present the Romanian first experience on noise mapping, during the year 2006, by respecting the requirements of European Directive 2002/49/EC. The general context is described and also specific methods for a practical case study are discussed.

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Complex noise indicator for noise mapping based on the EU working groups' and Polish results of the annoyance investigations

Kucharski R.

Archives of Acoustics

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2007

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Vol. 32, No. 2

293-302

EN

The Noise Directive 2002/49/EU includes obligations for noise mapping for agglomerations above 250 thousand citizens in the first step and later - above 100 thousand people. The noise map of the city consists of, at least, 4 layers of information. Each layer, in graphical form, represents different kinds of noise distribution, for traffic, railway, air and industrial noise. One can ask how to assess the complex exposure for all noises from all layers of the map? The proposition of the complex index evaluation is developed in the paper. At first, it was assumed that the basic indicator for complex description of the acoustic conditions is the sum of the weighted noise exposures connected with the LDWN level from different category of noise. The weights for the complex indicator were worked out on the basis of the results of the noise annoyance investigations, carried out by the European Working Group on health and socio-economic aspects, published in position papers (year 2002 and later). However, one can ask if the European relation between noise levels and noise annoyance is correct for Polish conditions? In the second part of the paper the results of the comparisons between EU's and Polish annoyance curves are presented. The curves were obtained as the correlation's product of the subjective assessments (query) and LDWN levels measurements and calculations. These investigations in Poland were carried out as a part of the annually project called "Noise Monitoring System" (coordinated by Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection). Their background results are characterized in the paper.