Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Monitoring Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in Environment of Ukraine based on Satellite Data

Yelistratova Lesya, Apostolov Alexander, Khodorovskyi Artur, Tymchyshyn Maksym

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 6

95--110

EN

Air pollution (especially near industrial enterprises that are located mainly in densely populated regions) is one of the most significant problems of modern ecology. The purpose of this research is to study nitrogen dioxide air pollution over Ukraine, which has a negative impact on human health. As part of the research over the territory of Ukraine, the real planar distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as well as its local emissions (which make the main contribution to this distribution) were revealed using the materials of the remote sensing of the Earth from the AURA satellite. The results were calculated for the multi-year period of 2005 through 2021 and separately for 2022, which characterized the full-scale war in Ukraine and which made it possible to identify priority polluters; namely, industrial enterprises (thermal power plants, heavy metallurgy enterprises, etc.). For 17 years, the average value of NO2 was 160.78 · 102 molecules/mm2; in 2022, its concentration decreased to 126.93·109 molecules/mm2. The war manifested itself due to the shutdown of industrial enterprises, which were (and remain) priority polluters in Ukraine (particularly in large cities).

2

The influences of source intensity and meteorological factors on sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides based on the path analysis mode

Guo Chen-Lin, Zhang Jing, Zhou Qian Shuang, Ma Yong

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 48, nr 4

51--65

EN

With rapid economic development and industrialization, air pollution is becoming a critical global issue affecting health. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major contributors to acid rain and the key indicators for evaluating atmospheric pollution. And source intensity and meteorological factors are the main ways to influence the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Thus, to investigate the specific effects of source intensity, temperature, humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure on SO2 and NOx, the path analysis method was used for the model. The results showed that Source intensity significantly affects the concentrations of SO2and NO2. For both NO2 and SO2, the source intensity accounted for around 40%. Meteorological factors have very limited effects on the concentrations of SO2and NO2. The effects of the meteorological factors on air pollutants are specific as differences in material properties. Humidity significantly affects the concentration of SO2while temperature, humidity and wind speed have significantly affected the concentration of NO2.

3

Semi-markovian approach to modelling air pollution

Bogalecka Magdalena

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

|

2021

|

Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2021

31--44

EN

The air pollution assessment based on concentration’s changes of sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, benzene, and particulate matter is discussed in the chapter. The semi-Markov model of the environmental pollution process is introduced and its characteristics are determined. Next the proposed model is practically applied to examine and characterized air pollution in Gdańsk (Poland) as the exemplary industrial agglomeration. The main parameters and characteristics of the air pollution process are determined, such as concentration states of particular kinds of air pollutants, the limit values of transient probabilities and the mean total sojourn times staying at the air pollutants’ concentration states, for the fixed time interval.

4

Analysis of Air Monitoring System in Megacity on the Example of St. Petersburg

Dzhevaga Natalia, Borisova Darya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 4

175--185

EN

The paper considers the current problem of improving the quality of atmospheric monitoring. The paper aimed at conducting a monitoring section of the existing situation in the studied territories in St. Petersburg. The following study methods were described: gravimetric, electrochemical, and chromatographic. The analysis of samples was carried out on the following laboratory facilities of the mobile environmental laboratory: PU-3E aspirator, ECOLAB portable gas analyser, DUSTTRAK 8533 dust analyser, portable gas chromatograph FGKh-1, professional weather station. The study consisted of two parts and was carried out in two districts of the city: Novosmolenskaya Embankment of the Smolenka River (Vasileostrovsky District) and the banks of the Volkovka River (Frunzensky District). As a result of the study, the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxide, suspended solids and volatile organic compounds in the air of the studied districts were measured. The obtained values were compared with the maximal single limiting concentration (LMCm.s.) and assumptions were made about the possible sources of pollution. In the territory of Novosmolenskaya Embankment, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide varied from 0.211 mg/m3 to 0.472 mg/m3, which means the exceedance of LMCm.s. The maximum permissible concentration of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) content in air was exceeded by several orders of magnitude. No exceedance of LMCm.s. was detected for the content of carbon oxide and suspended solids in the air. The empirical data was used to build the air pollution content maps and to calculate the atmospheric pollution index in the studied territory.

5

Analysis of tropospheric NO2 over Iraq using OMI satellite measurements

Rajab Jasim M., Hassan Ahmed S., Kadhum Jasim H., Al-Salihi Ali M., San Lim Hwee

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2020

|

Vol. 29, No. 1

3--16

EN

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a trace gas with important impact on atmospheric chemistry, human health and a key pollutant in particular cities, measured from space since the mid-1990s by the GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and GOME-2 instruments. This study present ten years (monthly and yearly averaged) dataset from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) used to investigate tropospheric NO2 characteristics and variations over Iraq during 2005–2014. Annual NO2 shows an elevation from the northern to the southern and highest values was at central parts of Iraq. Monthly distributions revels higher values NO2 in winter and summer than spring and autumn seasons, and rising NO2 throughout study period over industrial and crowded urban zones. The trend analysis over Baghdad shows a linear growth rate 9.8% per year with an annual average (5.6·1015 molecules per 1 cm2). The air mass trajectory analysis as hotspot regions shows seasonal fluctuations between winter and summer seasons depend on weather conditions and topography. The increased NO2 values in winter are due to anthropogenic emissions and subsequent plumes from Europe. In addition, in summer because of hot weather and large paddy fields emissions. The lowest NO2 value was at monsoon period mostly linked to the rains. The OMI data and satellite information are able to observe the troposphere NO2 elevation at different regions.

6

Evaluation of the NO2 concentration prediction possibility based on static and dynamic responses of TGS sensors at changing humidity levels

Kalinowski Paweł, Woźniak Łukasz, Jasiński Grzegorz, Jasiński Piotr

Metrology and Measurement Systems

|

2020

|

Vol. 27, nr 1

167--179

EN

The commercially available metal-oxide TGS sensors are widely used in many applications due to the fact that they are inexpensive and considered to be reliable. However, they are partially selective and their responses are influenced by various factors, e.g. temperature or humidity level. Therefore, it is important to design a proper analysis system of the sensor responses. In this paper, the results of examinations of eight commercial TGS sensors combined in an array and measured over a period of a few months for the purpose of prediction of nitrogen dioxide concentration are presented. The measurements were performed at different relative humidity levels. PLS regression was employed as a method of quantitative analysis of the obtained sensor responses. The results of NO2 concentration prediction based on static and dynamic responses of sensors are compared. It is demonstrated that it is possible to predict the nitrogen dioxide concentration despite the influence of humidity.

7

Analysis of air pollution parameters using covariance function theory

Daugela Ignas, Suziedelyte Visockiene Jurate, Skeivalas Jonas

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2020

|

Vol. 27, nr 4

555--565

EN

The paper analyses the intensity changes of three pollution parameter vectors in space and time. The RGB raster pollution data of the Lithuanian territory used for the research were prepared according to the digital images of the Sentinel-2 Earth satellites. The numerical vectors of environmental pollution parameters CH4 (methane), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and for direct comparison O2 (oxygen gas) were used for the calculations. The covariance function theory was used to perform the analysis of intensity changes in digital vectors. Estimates of the covariance functions of the numerical vectors of pollution parameters and O2 or the auto-covariance functions of single vectors are calculated from random functions consisting of arrays of measurement parameters of all parameters vectors. Correlation between parameters vectors depends on the density of parameters and their structure. Estimates of covariance functions were calculated by changing the quantization interval on a time scale and using a compiled computer program using the Matlab procedure package. The probability dependence between the environmental pollution parameter vectors and trace gas of the territory in Lithuania and their change in time scale was determined.

8

Explicit and implicit description of the factors impact on the NO2 concentration in the traffic corridor

Kamińska Joanna Amelia, Turek Tomasz

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2020

|

Vol. 46, no. 1

93--99

EN

High concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the air, particularly in heavily urbanized areas, have an adverse effect on many aspects of residents’ health. A method is proposed for modelling daily average, minimal and maximal atmospheric NO2 concentrations in a conurbation, using two types of modelling: multiple linear regression (LR) an advanced data mining technique – Random Forest (RF). It was shown that Random Forest technique can be successfully applied to predict daily NO2 concentration based on data from 2015–2017 years and gives better fi t than linear models. The best results were obtained for predicting daily average NO2 values with R2=0.69 and RMSE=7.47 μg/m3. The cost of receiving an explicit, interpretable function is a much worse fit (R2 from 0.32 to 0.57). Verification of models on independent material from the first half of 2018 showed the correctness of the models with the mean average percentage error equal to 16.5% for RF and 28% for LR modelling daily average concentration. The most important factors were wind conditions and traffic flow. In prediction of maximal daily concentration, air temperature and air humidity take on greater importance. Prevailing westerly and south-westerly winds in Wrocław effectively implement the idea of ventilating the city within the studied intersection. Summarizing: when modeling natural phenomena, a compromise should be sought between the accuracy of the model and its interpretability.

PL

Celem pracy jest zbadanie możliwości prognozowania dziennego stężenia NO2 za pomocą metody losowego lasu – RF i porównanie wyników z wielowymiarową regresją liniową (LR) w oparciu o ten sam zestaw danych. Ponadto zbadano wpływ zwiększenia interpretowalności modelu na jego dokładność. W pracy przedstawiono dwie metody modelowania dziennych wartości minimalnych, średnich oraz maksymalnych stężeń NO2 w aglomeracji miejskiej: wielowymiarowa regresja liniowa (LR) oraz losowy las (RF). Wykazano, że metoda Lasu Losowego (Random Forest) może być skutecznie wykorzystywana do przewidywania dziennych wartości stężenia NO2. Największą dokładność otrzymano dla przewidywania średnich wartości dziennych stężenia z R2=0.69 oraz RMSE=7.47 μg/m3. Kosztem otrzymania jawnej postaci funkcji w modeli liniowym (LR) jest znacząco niższa dokładność przewidywania wartości stężenia (R2 od 0.32 do 0.57). Weryfikacja modeli na niezależnym materiale z pierwszej połowy 2018 roku potwierdziła poprawność modeli ze średnim błędem względnym dla średnich wartości dobowych stężeń równym 16.5% dla RF oraz 28% dla LR. Największy wpływ na stężenia NO2 w kanionie komunikacyjnym ma wiatr oraz natężenie ruchu. W modelowaniu maksymalnych wartości dobowych nabierają znaczenia temperatura powietrza oraz wilgotność względna powietrza. Przeważające zachodnie i północno-zachodnie wiatry we Wrocławiu skutecznie realizują koncepcję przewietrzania miasta w zakresie rozważanego skrzyżowania.

9

Evaluation of the Dispersion of Nitrogen Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide in the Indoor Café – Case Study

Al-Sultan Ammar A., Jumaah Ghufran F., Al-Ani Faris H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 4

256--261

EN

A popularity café in Baghdad city was chosen to measure the dispersion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) as examples of the Indoor Air Pollutants (IAPs) which are considered a significant environmental problem. The aims of this research were, firstly, to measure the variation of NO2 and CO concentrations; secondly, to examine the effect of the seasonal variation of indoor temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) on the dispersion of both NO2 and CO and finally to compare the results with those of the global standards. The volume of café was about 360 m3 and the number of smokers was about 25-35 smoker/day. This work was divided into two parts where the first part includes the experimental work which comprised the measurement of NO2 and CO by GIGs devices. It was lasted about five months commencing from November 2017 to March 2018 and the readings were taken during two intervals at partial time and during peak time. The second part includes the analysis of obtained results and compared the results of those of the global standards for the Indoor Air Quality suggested by WHO, EPA, and European criteria in order to achieve the goals of this work. The results from this research have highlighted a clear increase in the concentrations of NO2 and CO along with the growing numbers of smokers. Furthermore, the concentrations of NO2 and CO were close to some global standard values of short-term exposure at peak time.

10

The impact of construction works conducted on the route DTŚ on a local air quality evaluated with the use of NO2 measurements

Mucha Walter, Żeliński Jacek

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

|

2019

|

Vol. 12, no. 1

145--153

EN

One of the basic documents of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is the Environmental Impact Report. It contains information obtained during the investor's assessment of any impact on the environment that may be caused by the object - also from the side of construction works at the investment stage. The authors, on the basis of nitrogen dioxide concentration data obtained from continuous, multi month measurements carried out with the use of the OPSIS device over the diametrial route DTŚ construction site in Gliwice, have evaluated the NO2 emission impact on the atmospheric air at the construction phase. The measurements made by the authors enabled in verifying the correctness of the assessments and comments regarding the impact of construction works conducted on the route DTŚ on the atmospheric air in the construction phase, contained in the Environmental Impact Report.

11

Correlations between air pollutant concentrations in selected urban and rural areas in Poland

Stelęgowski Artur

Acta Innovations

|

2019

|

no. 31

14--22

EN

Correlations between concentrations of selected air pollutants were analyzed in different areas in central Poland from 2012-2016. Three neighboring voivodeships (Lower Silesian, Lodz, and Masovian), were selected for which specific measurement locations were designated in urban and rural areas. The characteristics of the location of monitoring stations allowed to distinguish the following types of measurement stations: “urbantransport”, “urban-background", "suburban-background", "town-background", and "rural-background". Therefore, using the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, it was possible to analyze the interrelations between the occurrence of air pollution in various types of areas. It was found that the coefficient changed along with the type of area. Moreover, it turned out that the coefficient decreased in each voivodeship along with a decrease in the population density of the analyzed areas. In addition, concentrations of various air pollutants in given areas were compared. Also, it was observed that the strongest correlations occur between the results of calculations from measurement stations located in the same province.

12

Związki odpowiedzialne za zanieczyszczenie powietrza

Kostrz M., Satora P.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2017

|

Vol. 18, nr 6

89--95

PL

Jakość powietrza w Polsce stanowi poważny problem dla społeczeństwa oraz środowiska. Według badań WHO Polska znajduje się na 14. miejscu w Europie jako kraj najbardziej zanieczyszczony pyłem zawieszonym PM10. Równie niebezpieczne dla zdrowia są ozon, WWO, dwutlenek azotu, tlenek siarki, tlenek węgla oraz metale ciężkie. Długotrwałe narażenie na podwyższone stężenia ozonu oraz dwutlenku azotu może doprowadzić do nieodwracalnych, rozległych zmian w płucach, obrzęku płuc, a nawet śmierci. Głównym przedstawicielem WWA jest benzo(a)piren (BaP), który jest kumulowany w organizmie i został określony przez IARC jako główny czynnik kancerogenny. Wysokie stężenie tlenku siarki w powietrzu może doprowadzić do uszkodzenia górnych dróg oddechowych, ponadto tlenki siarki przyczyniają się również do występowania kwaśnych deszczy oraz są składnikami smogu typu londyńskiego. Metale ciężkie będące zanieczyszczeniami powietrza, z uwagi na zdolność kumulowania się w organizmie, są jednym z najcięższych zagrożeń dla zdrowia ludzi.

EN

Air quality in Poland poses a serious threat for boththe society and the environment. According to the WHO research Poland is located on the 14th place as a country most contaminated by particulate matter (PM10). Equally health-threatening substances are ozone, PAH, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxide, carbon oxide and heavy metals. Long-lasting exposure to high concentrations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide may lead to many irreversible changes in lungs, pulmonary oedema and even death. The main PAH, which cumulates in the organism is benzopyrene. This substance has been described by the IARC as a the most cancerogenic factor. High concentration of sulfur oxide in the air may cause severe damage of upper respiratory tract, sulfur oxide contributes greatly also to the appearance of acid rain and is an ingredient of a London type smog. Heavy metals polluting the air are one of the most severe health threat for people, due to the ability to cumulate in the organism.

13

Charakterystyka stężeń wybranych zanieczyszczeń powietrza na obszarze Warszawy (Poland)

Rozbicka K., Michalak M.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2015

|

Vol. 24, No. 2

193--206

PL

Celem pracy jest charakterystyka czasowego i przestrzennego rozkładu zanieczyszczeń komunikacyjnych (NO2, PM10, O3, C6H6) na trzech stacjach monitoringu jakości powietrza na obszarze Warszawy. Analizowany okres to 2011–2013. Uzyskano wyższe stężenia na stacji Komunikacyjna niż na stacjach referencyjnych: Targówek i Ursynów. Wzrost stężeń zanieczyszczeń komunikacyjnych był obserwowany w godzinach szczytu: porannego o 7–11 oraz popołudniowego o 15–20 spowodowanego wzrostem natężenia ruchu drogowego na badanym obszarze. Określono również związek między wartościami stężenia analizowanych zanieczyszczeń i warunkami meteorologicznymi.

EN

The aim of this work was to characterize the temporary and spatial distribution of traffic related air pollutants (NO2, PM10, O3, C6H6) and assessment of the relationship between meteorological conditions and air pollution concentration from three monitoring stations in Warsaw area. In the period from 2011 to 2013 average annual values of concentration NO2 were exceeded on all considered stations Warsaw (i.e. Komunikacyjna, Warszawa- -Ursynów and Warszawa-Targówek). The values varied from 114 do 141% of permissible values (40 μg·m–3 ). In case of PM10 concentration permissible concentration of annual average value was exceeded on two stations and in case of ozone and benzene excesses not occurred. The greatest concentration values for analyzed pollutants were recorded on Komunikacyjna station situated in the city center in close proximity of communication routes. The least concentration values were recorded for city suburb areas Ursynów and Targówek situated in greater distance from the biggest traffic streets than Komunikacyjna station. Statistical analysis shows the relationship between logical conditions and high concentration of ozone during episode days and between particular meteorological elements and the concentration of analyzed air pollutants.

14

The acid-catalyzed interaction of melanin with nitrite ions : an EPR investigation

Matuszak Z., Chignell C. F., Reszka K. J.

Nukleonika

|

2015

|

Vol. 60, No. 3, part 1

475--481

EN

The interaction of synthetic dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin (DM) with nitrite ions, NO2 –, in the pH 3.6–7.0 range, has been investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). We found that especially at pH <5.5 (from ca. 5.5 to 3.6) the reaction of DM with nitrite generated large quantities of new melanin radicals, which implies the involvement of nitrous acid, HNO2, in the radical formation process. Measurements carried out at constant pH of 3.6 showed that the melanin signal increased together with nitrite concentration, reaching a plateau level which was more than fourfold larger compared to the initial signal amplitude observed in a nitrite-free buffer of the same pH. The effects of nitrite and DM concentrations on the melanin-free radical content were also investigated. It is proposed that the radicals are generated by one electron oxidation of melanin ortho-hydroquinone groups to ortho-semiquinones by HNO2 or related nitrogen oxides such as NO2 • radicals. The possible involvement of nitric oxide (•NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–) in DM oxidation was also examined. In air-free solutions, nitric oxide per se did not generate melanin radicals; however, in the presence of oxygen a marked increase in the melanin EPR signal intensity was observed. This result is interpreted in terms of the generation of radicals via the oxidation of DM by peroxynitrite. Our fi ndings suggest that melanin can function as a natural scavenger of nitrous acid and some nitrous acid-derived species. This property may be relevant to physiological functions of melanin pigments in vivo.

15

Application of spectral analysis to assess the impact of car traffic on nitrogen dioxide concentration

Żeliński J., Mucha W., Kliś C.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

|

2015

|

Vol. 8, no. 1

91--96

EN

The objective of this research was the assessment of the dependence between the road traffic volume and the concentration of nitrogen dioxide at the investigated section of a road. The concentration of nitrogen dioxide has been measured on the basis of the method of differential optical absorption spectroscopy, with the application of OPSIS analyzer located above a highly loaded street accessing the city of Gliwice. The road traffic volume was adopted on the basis of the data from the road traffic monitoring system in Gliwice By means of the cross-spectrum analysis, which allows to investigate the harmonic structure of time series of concentrations and traffic volume, the road traffic volume has been identified to be the essential factor influencing local NO2 concentration values. Taking advantage of NO2 average concentration values in July 2013 during the working days between 6 am ÷ 3 pm, regression function has been determined. This function best describes the dependence between concentration and traffic volume within the given time frame. These functions feature non-linear characteristics.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena zależności pomiędzy natężeniem ruchu drogowego, a stężeniem dwutlenku azotu nad jezdnią na badanym odcinku drogi. Stężenie dwutlenku azotu było mierzone z zastosowaniem różnicowej optycznej spektroskopii absorpcyjnej, przy użyciu analizatora OPSIS zainstalowanego nad silnie obciążoną drogą dojazdową do centrum Gliwic. Natężenie ruchu drogowego na tym odcinku drogi zostało ustalone na podstawie danych z systemu ciągłego monitoringu ruchu drogowego funkcjonującego w Gliwicach. Za pomocą metod analizy spektralnej szeregów czasowych, zidentyfikowano natężenie ruchu jako istotny czynnik wpływający na lokalne wartości stężenia NO2 w badanym przedziale czasowym (w godzinach 6.00 ÷ 15.00 dni roboczych lipca 2013). Na podstawie zmierzonych stężeń NO2 i stwierdzonego natężenia ruchu, znaleziono funkcję najlepiej opisująca badaną zależność. Funkcja ta posiada nieliniowy charakter.

16

Ocena przestrzennego rozkładu dwutlenku azotu na obszarze Bielska-Białej

Kozak J., Suryło P.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2013

|

Nr 33

61--66

PL

Praca ma na celu określenie rozkładu przestrzennego dwutlenku azotu na terenie Bielska-Białej. Badania przeprowadzono w okresie zimowym (luty 2011 r.) wykonując pomiary japońską metodą Amaya-Sugiura w modyfikacji D. Krochmala i L. Górskiego (PN-98 Z-04092/08) z pasywnym pobieraniem próbek. Uzyskane wyniki opracowano graficznie w formie rozkładów przestrzennych, wskazujących na obszary o dużym zagrożeniu wysokimi stężeniami NO2 w imisji.

EN

The aim of the work is to determine a spatial distribution of sulphate dioxide in Bielsko-Biała area. Research was carried out in february of 2011. Experiments were conducted using Amaya-Sugiura method that was modified by D. Krochmal and L. Górski (PN-98 Z-04092/08). The results obtained were graphically represented as spatial maps of regions where concentrations of NO2 were high.

17

Layered thin film nanostructures of Pd/WO3-x as resistance gas sensors

Urbańczyk M., Maciak E., Gut K., Pustelny T., Jakubik W.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

|

2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 4

401-407

EN

Layered nanostructures of tungsten trioxide WO3-x about 62 nm thick, with a very thin film of palladium (about 3.3 nm) on the top, have been studied for gas-sensing application at temperatures 50.C and 120.130.C and low NO2 and NH3 concentrations in 6%, 30% or 45% relative humidity in the air. Thin film WO3-x nanostructures were obtained by vacuum deposition on a common Si-SiO2 substrate at room temperature and 120.C. The palladium was coated by vacuum evaporation at room temperature and 4 �E 10.6 mbar on WO3-x layers obtained at two different substrate temperatures. The average rate of growth of the films, controlled by a QCM, was 0.1.0.2 nm/s. A multi-channel (four-channel interdigital gold electrodes) planar resistance gas sensor structure was used in the experiments. The surface of the nanostructures was characterized by means of the AFM method. Good sensor results have been observed at these layered nanostructures with an increasing resistance for NO2 molecules and decreasing resistance for NH3 molecules in a humid air atmosphere. The interaction and recovery speed were higher in the case of the nanostructure obtained at room temperature.

18

Ocena wpływu oddania do użytkowania fragmentu autostrady A4 Kleszczów - Gliwice na poziomy stężeń dwutlenku azotu w powietrzu w Gliwicach

Żak M.

Ochrona Powietrza i Problemy Odpadów

|

2010

|

Vol. 44 nr 3

108-116

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości powietrza atmosferycznego w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie szlaków komunikacyjnych w Gliwicach. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena stanu zanieczyszczenia powietrza dwutlenkiem azotu pochodzącym ze źródeł motoryzacyjnych, w warunkach typowych dla miast o dużym natężeniu ruchu tranzytowego, związanym z brakiem obwodnicy miejskiej oraz po zmianie organizacji ruchu kołowego w mieście, co związane było z wyprowadzeniem części ruchu samochodowego z miasta. Na tej podstawie określono wpływ uruchomienia fragmentu autostrady A4 Kleszczów - Gliwice, stanowiącego jednocześnie obwodnicę Gliwic, na stan zanieczyszczenia powietrza w mieście.

EN

Results of the air quality tests in the vicinity of the Gliwice communication routes were presented in the paper. The goal of the studies was to assess the air contamination by nitrogen dioxide from automotive transport in conditions typical for cities of intensive transit traffic due to lack of ring routes and after changes in the traffic organisation resulting in a decrease of the transit movement intensity in the city. The presented data were used to determine the impact of putting the A4 motorway Kleszczów-Gliwice section into use as a ring road for Gliwice on the air quality in the city.

19

Theoretical Analysis of the Kinetics of the Reaction of Methyl Mercaptan with Nitrogen Dioxide in the Gas Phase

Brudnik B., Wójcik-Pastuszka D., Jodkowski J. T.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

2009

|

Vol. 83, nr 6

1203-1221

EN

In this study a theoretical analysis of the kinetics and thermochemistry of the gas phase reaction between methyl mercaptan and nitrogen dioxide is presented. The molecular properties (optimized geometries, vibrational levels, and rotational constants) of the reactants and products were derived from ab in itio calculations. The relative total energies of the molecular structures taking part in the reaction kinetics were examined at the G3 level. The rate constants of the elementary steps and their dependence on temperature were evaluated using transition-state theory and a version of the statistical adiabatic channel model. The mechanism of the reaction CH3SH + NO2 is complex and the first elementary step is related to hydrogen abstraction. The derived analytical expressions for the rate constants k1a = 7.9 x 10–15 x (T/300)1.90 x exp(–8190/T) and k1b = 6.0 x 10–13 x (T/300)1.94 x exp(–16290/T) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 de scribe the kinetics of the hy - drogen abstraction reactions CH3SH + NO2 rightwards arrow CH3S + HNO2 (1a) and CH3SH + NO2 rightwards arrow CH2SH + HNO2 (1b), respectively, in the temperature range of 200–500 K. The CH3S and CH2SH radicals formed can undergo subsequent radical-radical (2a–c) and radical-NO2 (3a,b) recombination reactions with rates determined by the high-pressure limiting rate constant, expressed as k2a,Y(CH3S + CH3S) = 4.0×10–11×(T/300)0.20, k2b,infinity(CH3S + CH2SH) = 1.2×10–10×(T/300)0.15, k2c,infinity(CH2SH + CH2SH) = 6.7×10–11×(T/300)0.19, k3a,infinity(CH3S + NO2) = 1.3×10–11×(T/300)0.19, and k3b,infinity(CH2SH + NO2) = 2.6×10–11×(T/300)0.23 cm3 molecule–1 s–1. Values of the calculated rate constants are in good agreement with available results of kinetic measurements.

20

Spectrokinetic Study of the Reaction System of 2NO2"N2O4 with Butanols Between 320-358 K in the Gas Phase

Wójcik-Pastuszka D., Jodkowski J. T.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

2009

|

Vol. 83, nr 1

131-143

EN

Spectrokinetic studies of the gas-phase equilibrium between nitrogen tetroxide and butanols in the reaction system 2NO2"N2O4 (1, 2), N2O4+ROH"RONO+HNO3 (3, 4) have been undertaken in the temperature range 298-358 K. The products - RONO (n-butyl-ONO, sec-butyl-ONO, iso-butyl-ONO and tert-butyl-ONO) - were identified by their UV spectra and the values of the maxima UV absorption cross sections were determined in the range 320-420 nm at 298 K. The temperature dependences of both the forward and reverse rate constants, k3 and k4, were obtained. The extrapolated values of the forward rate constants are 10-18 k3av /cm3 molec-1 s-1 3.9 plus-minus 1.0; 1.7 plus-minus 0.3; 4.2 plus-minus 0.8; 5.7 plus-minus 1.1 and the reverse rate constants are 10-20 k4av /cm3 molec-1 s-1 0.3plus-minus 0.1; 2.3 plus-minus 0.6; 0.4 plus-minus 0.1; 2.3 plus-minus 0.6 at 298 K for the reaction of NO2/N2O4 with n-butanol, sec-butanol, iso-butanol and tert-butanol, respectively. The activation energy for the forward E3 and for the reverse E4 reaction were derived.