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1

Influence of work and working conditions on the spinal diseases

Bigošová Eleonóra, Dulina Luboslav, Barbušová Miroslava, Plinta Dariusz, Strnad David

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2021

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Vol. 24, nr 3-4

8--13

EN

Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common work-related health problem in Europe. They affect the health of individual employees and increase the financial and social spending of European companies and countries. From a biomechanical point of view, the spine is the most stressed part of the human body. Back pain is one of the most common diseases of civilization. Excessive loading of this part of the body in the work process can lead to the emergence of serious diseases. The article provides an overview of the course of diseases of the musculoskeletal system in Slovakia. It also describes the available methods for assessing the load on the spine, as the most stressed part of the body, of employees in industrial enterprises.

2

Aktywność fizyczna w profilaktyce i leczeniu dolegliwości odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa

Malińska Marzena, Wiśniewski Ernest

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2021

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nr 5

12-16

PL

Dolegliwości odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa stanowią poważny problem w populacji osób pracujących. Są od wielu lat niezmiennie jedną z głównych przyczyn absencji chorobowej Polaków, generując ogrom kosztów związanych z rosnącymi wydatkami na opiekę zdrowotną i niezdolność do pracy. W artykule przedstawiono analizę piśmiennictwa dotyczącego skuteczności ćwiczeń ukierunkowanych na profilaktykę oraz leczenie dolegliwości odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa. Mając na uwadze również praktyczny aspekt przygotowano zestawy ćwiczeń fizycznych dla osób uskarżających się na tego typu dolegliwości.

EN

Neck pains and ailments are a common and a serious problem among workers. They are the most frequently indicated health problems in the adult population, constituting a significant economic problem, generating costs related to increasing expenses on health care, inability to work and absence from work. The article presents an analysis of the selected literature on the effectiveness of exercises aimed at prevention and treatment of neck pain. Having a great regard to the practical aspect we have prepared some examples of physical exercises for people who complain of this problem.

3

The effect of static physical work on the work safety

Jasik-Ślęzak Jolanta, Baryshnikova Natalia

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2020

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Vol. 2, nr 1

47--54

EN

Physical activity is an inseparable sphere of human life, and is not rarely associated with work. Evolution has adapted man to perform various activities that meet their life needs. Man is created for walking, sitting, lying and standing. All these activities should take place in turns. Physical work should be varied in terms of dynamics and not limit people to stay in one position while performing work. The position changes, among others, to increase blood pressure, in addition, stimulates the heart and respiratory system, as well as improves the efficiency of both physical and mental work. In turn, taking only one position for a long time, which often occurs in static physical work, causes many health problems. For musculoskeletal disorders related to a non-ergonomic work position and a forced position at work, every fourth employee in Europe complains. In Poland, musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common causes of absence at work. In Polish enterprises, the assumption that profit is the most important is still dominant. Man is rarely seen as the most important capital of an enterprise that needs to be taken care of. For many employers, all additional measures related to shaping safe working conditions are only costs, not investment and potential profit. This paper presents the effects of static physical work in relation to work safety in the light of publicly available reports and information. The review has been enriched with the results of research carried out in one of the production enterprises of the SMEs sector. The research results presented in the paper are pilot and constitute an introduction to a large research work.

4

Musculoskeletal disorders related to the professional work of academic teachers and the quality of their work

Niciejewska Marta, Kasian Serhii

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2019

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Vol. 1, Iss. 1

47--54

EN

The organization of space and working conditions is very important in terms of its effectiveness. Each professional work determines activities that support occupational safety and health at the workplace. Lack of proper working conditions but also the time of exposure to dangerous, burdensome or harmful factors has an impact on the effectiveness of the work performed. Lack of balance between work and leisure in turn results in a decrease in work efficiency. The scientific and didactic work of academic teachers is related to the occurrence of diversified occupational hazards with particular emphasis on those that are the cause of musculoskeletal disorders. In this elaboration, the research, analysis and evaluation of the work effectiveness of academic teachers have been carried out. A questionnaire and a direct interview have been used as a research method. In addition, the pain intensity in individual parts of the body has been assessed in the last 12 months depending on the age of research and teaching staff using the NMQ questionnaire (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire). For the purposes of the study, the survey was supplemented with the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scale to assess the severity of pain. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the frequency and severity of musculoskeletal pain in academic teachers with regard to the effectiveness of their work.

5

Ergonomia pracy a schorzenia narządu ruchu wśród lekarzy stomatologów

Kuciel N., Demczyszak I., Sutkowska E., Sokołowski M., Mazurek J., Kaczmarz K., Lurbiecki J.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2018

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nr 9

22-26

PL

Stomatolodzy w trakcie pracy narażeni są na wiele czynników wpływających negatywnie na stan układu ruchu. Głównym z nich jest statyczny charakter pracy spowodowany przyjmowaniem wymuszonej pozycji ciała. Celem artykułu było wykazanie zależności pomiędzy stosowaniem zasad ergonomii w pracy zawodowej lekarzy stomatologów, a występowaniem schorzeń narządu ruchu. Ponadto ocenie poddano znajomość zasad ergonomii stomatologicznej w tej grupie. Na podstawie badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród 79 stomatologów dokonano oceny znajomości i stosowania zasad ergonomii pracy oraz występowania dolegliwości w obrębie narządu ruchu. Jedynie 4% stomatologów robiło przerwę w pracy po każdym pacjencie, natomiast aż 18% pracowało bez przerw. Zdecydowana większość (84%) stomatologów podczas wykonywania zabiegu stomatologicznego przyjmowała pozycje siedzącą. Z asystą pracowała ponad połowa (54%) lekarzy stomatologów. Wśród osób, które odczuwają ból kręgosłupa w odcinku szyjnym ponad połowa, bo 54% osób pracowało w pozycji z szyją pochyloną w prawo. Większość zasad ergonomii stosowana jest nieprawidłowo, dlatego powinny być one dopasowywane indywidualnie do konkretnego stomatologa, z uwzględnieniem jego możliwości fizycznych, geometrii środowiska pracy, zakresu wykonywanych czynności, a także osobistych upodobań.

EN

Dentists in the workplace are exposed to a number of factors that affect the condition of the movement system. The main problem seams to be the static nature of work due to the adoption of forced body position. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between the use of ergonomics principles in the professional work of dentists and the occurrence of motor disorders. In addition, knowledge of the principles of dental ergonomics in this group was assessed. The study was conducted among 79 dentists. The knowledge and application of the principles of ergonomics and the occurrence of ailments within the motor system were evaluated. Only 4% of dentists were taking a break from work after each patient, while 18% were working without interruption. The vast majority (84%) of dentists, while performing dental surgery took a sitting position. More than half (54%) of dentists who participated in the study worked with assistants. Among people who experience pain in the cervical spine 54% of people work in the position with neck inclined to the right. Most principles of ergonomics are not correct, so they should be adjusted individually to a particular dentist taking in to account its physical capabilities, the geometry of the work environment, the range of activities performed, and personal preferences as well.

6

The role of burnout syndrome as a mediator for the effect of psychosocial risk factors on the intensity of musculoskeletal disorders: a structural equation modeling approach

Gholami T., Pahlavian A. H., Akbarzadeh M., Motamedzade M., Moghaddam R. H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 2

283--290

EN

This study examined the hypothesis that burnout syndrome mediates effects of psychosocial risk factors and intensity of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among hospital nurses. The sample was composed of 415 nurses from various wards across five hospitals of Iran's Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through three questionnaires: job content questionnaire, Maslach burnout inventory and visual analogue scale. Results of structural equation modeling with a mediating effect showed that psychosocial risk factors were significantly related to changes in burnout, which in turn affects intensity of MSDs.

7

Improving body posture while fueling with a newly designed pump nozzle

Sayyahi Z., Mirzaei R., Mirkazemi R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 3

327--332

EN

Background. Although petrol pumps are a very common and highly used simple technology, their design consideration for comfort and safety to prevent high-pressure load and musculoskeletal injuries to the body is a neglected area in many countries including Iran. Objectives. This study attempted to design a new pump nozzle, and to assess the differences in musculoskeletal load related to body posture when a price/volume display is mounted on the pump nozzle. Methods. For postural analysis, photographs recording the posture of 100 randomly selected customers while fueling at petrol pumps and the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) technique were used. Results. The results of this study showed that RULA scores improved significantly after the newly designed pump nozzle was used. Conclusion. The newly designed pump nozzle is useful in reducing load related to body posture while fueling.

8

Epidemiological and biomechanical evaluation of airline baggage handling

Tafazzol A., Aref S., Mardani M., Haddad O., Parnianpour M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 2

218--227

EN

Objectives. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are prevalent among airline baggage handlers due to manual materials handling. In this study, the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ), the revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation, and the University of Michigan 3D Static Strength Prediction Program™ (3DSSPP) were used to analyze MSDs among baggage handlers. Methods. The NMQ was filled out by 209 baggage handlers and 46 arbitrarily selected baggage handlers were evaluated using the NIOSH method and 3DSSPP. Results. The obtained results showed that the most common MSDs occurred in the lower back region. The next risky regions included knees, neck, and upper back, respectively. The NIOSH results confirmed that the subjects lifted loads heavier than the permitted limit and their lifting postures were inappropriate. The results of the 3DSSPP also indicated that compression forces exceeded the NIOSH limit in these awkward postures. Conclusions. Relying on this study, holding compulsory ergonomic lifting training courses could be proposed for workers and regulations adjusting an upper limit for maximum baggage weight must be also enacted in order to improve occupational health and prevent the prevalence of increasing MSDs.

9

Effects of customized foot orthoses on manufacturing workers in the metal industry

Garcia-Hernandez C., Huertas-Talon J.-L., Sanchez-Alvarez E. J., Marin-Zurdo J.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 1

116--124

EN

This 8-week study evaluates the effects of customized foot orthoses on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of metal industry workers. These WMSDs were evaluated applying the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) at three different times (start, 4th week and 8th week) and additional questions were also formulated to obtain information about adaptation, fatigue, comfort and possible improvements. According to the NMQ results, statistical significance was found in the improvements after 4 weeks (p < 0.05 in two areas, p < 0.01 in three areas, p < 0.001 in two areas and no significance in the other two) and after 8 weeks (p < 0.01 in three areas, p < 0.001 in four areas and no significance in the other two). The additional questions indicated fatigue reduction (both in general and in lower extremity), comfort level increase (after the adaptation period) and good acceptance, according to workers’ answers, suggesting customized orthoses can be effective in reducing and preventing WMSDs in several body regions.

10

Association between psychosocial, organizational and personal factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in office workers

Piranveyseh P., Motamedzade M., Osatuke K., Mohammadfam I., Moghimbeigi A., Soltanzadeh A., Mohammadi H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 2

267--273

EN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational and personal (individual) factors with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in office workers of the Iranian Gas Transmission Company. The participants rated two questionnaires – the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to measure the prevalence of MSDs, and the Veterans Healthcare Administration All Employee Survey questionnaire (2004 version) – to measure psychosocial, organizational and individual aspects of job satisfaction and workplace climate. The highest prevalence of MSDs was found in the lower back (49.7%) and neck (49.0%) regions. Results of the logistic regression models showed that some psychosocial and organizational factors and also some individual factors were associated with prevalence of MSDs (p < 0.05).These ﬁndings illustrate the need to consider all elements of the work system as a whole in future studies and in organizational planning.

11

Dolegliwości układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego u pracowników zatrudnionych w budownictwie

Malińska M., Bugajska J.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2016

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nr 8

8-11

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących częstości występowania oraz nasilenia dolegliwości bólowych ze strony układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego u pracowników zatrudnionych w budownictwie. Badania kwestionariuszowe przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. W badaniach wzięło udział 600 mężczyzn w wieku 20-65 lat (34,9±13,7) zatrudnionych w budownictwie. Ocena dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych została przeprowadzona przy pomocy kwestionariusza NMQ (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) uzupełnionego o skalę VAS. Najczęściej zgłaszanymi dolegliwościami układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego były: bóle kręgosłupa w odcinku lędźwiowo-krzyżowym i szyjnym kręgosłupa, stawów ramiennych oraz odcinka piersiowego kręgosłupa. Istotnie statystycznie częściej na występowanie tych dolegliwości uskarżali się pracownicy 50+ w porównaniu z pracownikami młodymi (p<0:05).

EN

This article presents the results of research on the prelevance and intensity of musculoskeletal pain in construction workers. The questionnaire study was based on a diagnostic survey. The study involved 600 men aged 20-65 years (34 9 ± 13.7) employed in the construction industry. Musculoskeletal disorders were assessed with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Ouestionnaire (NMQ) and the VAS scale. Low back, neck, shoulder and upper back pain were the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders m construction workers. Musculoskeletal disorders were statistically significantly more frequently observed m 50+ workers than in young workers (p < 0.05).

12

Bezpieczeństwo w pracy administracyjno-biurowej - wybrane aspekty

Niciejewska M., Wodecki T.

Archiwum Wiedzy Inżynierskiej

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2016

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T. 1, Nr 1

30--32

PL

Artykuł dotyczy wybranych aspektów bezpieczeństwa w pracy administracyjno-biurowej. Autorzy dokonali analizy środowiska pracy biurowej biorąc pod uwagę wytyczne ergonomiczne oraz możliwości i ograniczenia psychofizyczne człowieka. Zwrócili uwagę na najczęstsze skutki zdrowotne pracy administracyjno-biurowej jaką są dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowe oraz sposoby przeciwdziałania im.

EN

Article concerns on selected aspects of safety at work in administrative office. The authors analyzed the working environment of office, taking into account guidelines and ergonomic possibilities and limitations of psychophysical man. They drew attention to the most common health effects from working administrative office which are musculo-skeletal disorders and ways to counter them.

13

Ocena ergonomiczności stanowisk pracy motorniczych tramwajów

Dahlke G., Repiński M., Śnieżko P.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 3

1239--1250

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest problematyka ryzyka ergonomicznego i dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych towarzyszące pracy motorniczego tramwaju. Rozdział drugi poświęcono wynikom z przeprowadzonych przez autorów badań dotyczących dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych występujących podczas wykonywania pracy motorniczego tramwaju. Badania wykonano za pomocą goniometru elektronicznego, a oceny ryzyka ergonomicznego dokonano wg metody RULA. Ponadto do analizy wyników wykorzystano kwestionariusz opracowany na podstawie norm ISO 11226 oraz PN-EN 1005-4. Badania przeprowadzono na 4 typach tramwajów: 102N, 105Na, 118N Puma oraz RT6N1 Tatra, eksploatowanych w przedsiębiorstwie MPK Poznań Sp. z o.o. Na stanowiskach roboczych zidentyfikowano 29 czynności statycznych wykonywanych przez motorniczego podczas pracy. Zaproponowano koncepcję modernizacyjną optymalizującą obciążenia pracownika oraz wdrożenie prewencji ergonomicznej w oparciu o wyniki badań na stanowisku motorniczego.

EN

The subject of this article is the topic of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomics risk concurrent the work driver of tram. Chapter second was dedicated the results from conducted by of investigations of relating muscular and skeletal ailments occurring during the job processing of the tram driver. It the investigations were executed with the help of the electronic goniometer, and the risk assessment ergonomic RULA was executed according to method. It moreover questionnaire to analysis of results was worked out on the ground standards ISO 11226 and PN - EN 1005-4. It investigations were conducted on 4 types of trams: 102N, 105Na, 118N Puma as well as RT6N1 Tatra, exploited in enterprise MPK Poznań Sp. z o.o. On workstation was identified 29 static actions executed by tram driver during work. Optimizing the worker's burdens conception was proposed well as initiating in support the ergonomic prevention about results of investigations on the tram driver's position.

14

Diagnostyka i ocena ergonomiczności kabin samochodów osobowych

Dahlke G., Kamczyc J., Rakowski R.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 3

1228--1238

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest problematyka ryzyka ergonomicznego i dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych towarzyszące pracy kierowcy samochodu. Rozdział drugi poświęcono wynikom z przeprowadzonych przez autorów badań dotyczących dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych występujących podczas kierowania samochodem. Badania wykonano za pomocą goniometru elektronicznego, a oceny ryzyka ergonomicznego dokonano wg metody RULA. Ponadto do analizy wyników wykorzystano kwestionariusz opracowany na podstawie norm ISO 11226 oraz PN-EN 1005-4. Badania przeprowadzono w 4 samochodach. Zidentyfikowano obciążenia biomechaniczne i ich źródła oraz zaproponowano prawidłową pozycję kierowcy wg normalizacji.

EN

The subject of this article is the topic of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomics risk concurrent the work of car driver. Chapter second was dedicated the results from conducted by of investigations of relating muscular and skeletal ailments occurring during the job processing of the car driver. It the investigations were executed with the help of the electronic goniometer, and the risk assessment ergonomic RULA was executed according to method. It moreover questionnaire to analysis of results was worked out on the ground standards ISO 11226 and PN - EN 1005-4. It investigations were conducted on 4 types of cars. Authors identify bimechanical load and their source and propose the driver correct posture according to standardization.

15

Analiza biomechaniczna obciążenia pilota samolotu M - 28 Bryza

Dahlke G., Sasim J., Sasim B.

Logistyka

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2014

|

nr 5

301--313

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest problematyka ryzyka ergonomicznego i dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych towarzyszące pracy pilota samolotu M-28 Bryza. Rozdział drugi poświęcono wynikom z przeprowadzonych przez autorów badań dotyczących dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych występujących podczas wykonywania pracy pilota. Badania wykonano za pomocą goniometru elektronicznego, a oceny ryzyka ergonomicznego dokonano wg metody RULA. Ponadto do analizy wyników wykorzystano kwestionariusz opracowany na podstawie norm ISO 11226 oraz PN-EN 1005-4. Badania przeprowadzono na jednym typie samolotu M-28 Bryza. Na stanowisku pracy zidentyfikowano 28 czynności statycznych wykonywanych przez pilota podczas pracy. Zaproponowano koncepcję modernizacyjną optymalizującą obciążenia oraz wdrożenie prewencji ergonomicznej w oparciu o wyniki badań na stanowisku pilota.

EN

The subject of this article is the topic of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomics risk concurrent the work pilots of airplane M-28 Bryza. Chapter second was dedicated the results from conducted by of investigations of relating muscular and skeletal ailments occurring during the job processing of the pilot. The investigations were executed with the help of the electronic goniometer, and the risk assessment ergonomic RULA was executed according to method. Moreover questionnaire to analysis of results was worked out on the ground standards ISO 11226 and PN - EN 1005-4. Investigations were conducted on one type of M-28 Bryza. On workstation was identified 28 static actions executed by pilot during work. Optimizing the worker's burdens conception was proposed well as initiating in support the ergonomic prevention about results of investigations on the pilot workstation.

16

Variability of Musculoskeletal Strain on Dentists: An Electromyographic and Goniometric Study

Blanc D., Farre P., Hamel O.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

|

Vol. 20, No. 2

295--307

EN

Introduction. Dentists and hygienists are strongly affected by musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). As workstation concepts are supported by subjective arguments only, the aim of this study was to use objective measurements to compare the variability of strain in various concepts: a dental chair equipped with a cart or an over-the-patient delivery system without an assistant, and Dr Daryl Beach’s concept with an assistant. Methods. Goniometric and electromyographic recordings were made on 8 subjects, during a scaling operation. The electrical activity of their trapezius and lumbar muscles was compared, as were their cervical and lumbar ranges of motion. Results. The results showed that there was a wide variability depending on the workstation. However, the Beach concept tended to reduce physical strain on most parameters: duration of left lumbar muscle activity (2% compared to 15% of time spent in >10% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC), time spent in cervical side bending (4% compared to 30%), cervical flexion of >20° (9% compared to 40%), and left trapezius activity (9% of time spent >10% MVC compared to 28%). Conclusion. Practitioners and students should adjust their workstations to reduce the prevalence of MSDs.

17

Musculoskeletal Disorders and Working Conditions Among Iranian Nursing Personnel

Arsalani N., Fallahi-Khoshknab M., Josephson M., Lagerström M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 4

671--680

EN

This study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associations with organizational, physical and psychosocial working conditions among 520 nursing personnel in Tehran, Iran. The results of the cross-sectional study on aids and different educational levels of nurses showed that the participants experienced 88% of MSDs in at least one body region during the past 12 months. The 3 most prevalent body regions were the low back (65.3%), knee (56.2%) and neck (49.8%). The participants reported inflexible work schedule, poor quality of devices for transferring patients, overexertion and job dissatisfaction. Physical and psychosocial exposure revealed an elevated odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of MSDs. The results showed a combination of high physical and psychosocial work demands along with low control over the work which increased work-related stress and enhanced the risk of MSDs. This study findings could help to understand work-related MSDs among nursing personnel in a developing country where the work situation and sociocultural context differ from other countries.

18

Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders as Risk Factors for Reduced Work Ability in Younger and Ageing Workers

Bugajska J., Sagan A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 4

607--615

EN

Aims. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and intensity of musculoskeletal pain as a risk factor for reduced work ability. Methods. In total, 1449 workers participated in the study, 64% were younger workers (<45 years old, M 31.4); 36% were ageing workers (≥45 years old, M 50.3), Their health condition was established on the basis of (a) subjective feeling of health on a 5-point scale, (b) pain in 6 parts of the body in the past year; and (c) intensity of pain on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Work ability was assessed with the subjective work ability index (WAI). Results. The results of the study showed that although in the both groups, i.e., younger and ageing workers, the occurrence and intensity of pain in the hands/wrists, neck and lower back were a significant factor which decreased WAI, in ageing workers only the occurrence of pain in the lower back generated higher risk factors for reduced work ability (WAI < 37). Conclusions. Improving physical and psychosocial working conditions to reduce musculoskeletal complaints, and identifying individuals with such complaints are important in increasing workers’ work ability and thus extending their occupational activity.

19

A System for Predicting Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Dental Students

Thanathornwong B., Suebnukarn S., Ouivirach K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

|

Vol. 20, No. 3

463--475

EN

Objective. This study aimed to develop a system for predicting work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among dental students. Materials and methods. The system comprised 2 accelerometer sensors to register neck and upper back postures and movements, and software developed to collect and process the data. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) were used to predict the likelihood of WMSD in dental students by comparing their neck and upper back movement patterns with WMSD and non-WMSD HMMs learned from previous data. To evaluate the performance of the system, 16 participants were randomly assigned into a 2 × 2 crossover trial scheduled for each sequence of working: receiving feedback or no-feedback from the system. The primary outcome measure was the extension of the neck and upper back, before (pre-test) and after (posttest) receiving feedback or no-feedback from the system. The secondary outcome measure was the log likelihood of classifying the movements as WMSD. Results and discussion. The results showed that in the group that received feedback, the extension of the neck in the y axis and of the upper back in the y axis decreased significantly (t test, p < .05) on the post-test. Conclusion. The system for predicting and preventing WMSD aids the correction of the extension of the neck and upper back in the y axis.

20

Profilaktyka dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych związanych z wykonywaną pracą – przykłady ćwiczeń fizycznych. Cz. 2

Malińska M., Smirnow M.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2014

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nr 5

7-11

PL

W artykule podjęto kontynuację tematyki poruszonej we wcześniejszej publikacji („BP" nr 3/2014) dotyczącej profilaktyki dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych w zakresie prowadzonych w miejscu pracy działań promujących aktywność fizyczną. Omówiono korzyści wynikające z podejmowania aktywności fizycznej, doniesienia dotyczące wysiłku fizycznego w pracy zawodowej oraz wskazówki i zalecenia dotyczące podejmowania takiej aktywności Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na stronę praktyczną - możliwą do podejmowania na poziomie indywidualnym. W tym celu przedstawiono tygodniowy plan treningowy oraz przykłady prostych ćwiczeń fizycznych możliwych do wykonania w miejscu pracy.

EN

In reference to the earlier publication ("BP" no 3/20141. which described the problem of musculoskeletal disorders associated with work, in this article describe same recommendations regarding the prevention of these diseases in physical activity. Therefore presents examples of simple exercise that can be taken in the workplace. Exercises have been developed for employees who work in a seated position, standing up and doing physical work dynamic.