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1

The Influence of Abiotic Factors on Organisms-Hydrobionts of Activated Sludge

Baimukasheva Shynar, Issayeva Akmaral U., Antkowiak Wojciech, Aitimova Ainazhan, Altybayeva Zhansaule, Syrlybekkyzy Samal, Suleimenova Botagoz, Koishina Akmaral

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

125--133

EN

Rational use of water resources is one of the urgent problems for arid regions of Kazakhstan. The biocenosis of activated sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants in Zhanaozen periodically encounters stressful situations associated with violation of the operating mode of equipment or emergency discharges of toxicants into the wastewater treatment plant system. It has been established that with sharp fluctuations in the physicochemical parameters of aqueous solutions, protozoal organisms are primarily eliminated from the composition of activated sludge. This pattern was noted with an increase in the content of ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, monoethanolamine and pH fluctuations in wastewater. Under the conditions of a 10-month period of active insolation in Western Kazakhstan, the species diversity of the algoflora of activated sludge correlates with the duration of daylight hours; it was found that diatoms predominate in the autumn-winter period of the year, whereas blue-green and green algae predominate in the spring-summer period.

2

Carbon Dioxide Capturing via a Randomly Packed Bed Scrubber Using Primary and Poly Amine Absorbents

Dhuyool Amjad Wadhah, Shakir Ibtehal Kareem

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

14--29

EN

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) cause global warming and climate change, making their emission and synthesis a global issue. Employing a pilot-scale scrubber packed with a Rashing ring randomly, where experimentally examined the absorption performance of carbon dioxide capturing by using an aqueous solvent of primary and poly alkanol amines; the investigations on carbon dioxide capturing were carried out at atmospheric pressure (1 atm), using simulated feed gas of carbon dioxide balanced with nitrogen. Monoethanolamine, Triethylenetetramine, and Diethylenetriamine are the primary and poly alkanol amine absorbents examined for this work. The impact of operating conditions, including amine inlet concentrations, liquid flow rates, gas flow rate, lean amine loading, inlet carbon dioxide concentration, absorbent temperature, and alkanol amine type, were examined according to the two-film concept. Regarding the removal of carbon dioxide efficiency and volumetric mass transfer coefficient based on the gas side, the absorption performance was presented. A lab-scale investigation revealed that employing DETA absorbent possesses higher carbon dioxide removal efficiency of up to 28.9% and a higher coefficient of mass transfer of up to 165.7% in comparison to conventional MEA absorbent while employing TETA absorbent possesses higher carbon dioxide removal efficiency of up to 18.86% and higher coefficient of mass transfer of up to 69.64% in comparison to the conventional MEA absorbent. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to assume that DETA would serve as an efficient chemical absorbent for the removal of carbon dioxide.

3

The Effect of the Packing Flow Area and Biogas Flow Rate on Biogas Purification in Packed Bed Scrubber

Kalsum Leila, Rusdianasari, Hasan Abu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

49--56

EN

The objective of this study was to reduce the level of impurities in biogas to obtain a higher concentration of methane gas (CH4) in it. The biogas purification process was carried out in a packed scrubber using Monoethanolamine (MEA) compound as an absorbent. This research focused on the effect of the packing flow area and the optimum biogas flow rate for obtaining purified biogas with a high concentration of methane (CH4). The results of the study reveal that the packing flow area measuring 0.1963 cm2 is more optimal in the purification process compared to 1.7633 cm2 packing flow area. Different biogas flow rates at 0.3 L/min, 0.5 L/min, 1 L/min, and 12 L/min yield different results, and the highest concentration of CH4 at 90.141% is obtained from the slowest flow rate, which is 0.3 L/min. The slow flow rate and a small packing flow area equal to a longer contact time between MEA and the biogas flowing through it; hence, the absorption contact area is also greater compared to that with a faster flow rate; therefore, the highest level of CH4 is obtained at the slowest biogas flow rate.

4

Degradation of amine solvents used for CO2 removal from flue gas with high CO2 concentration

Wilk Andrzej, Spietz Tomasz, Więcław-Solny Lucyna, Krótki Aleksander, Tarnowska Justyna

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2021

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Vol. 14, no. 1

115--124

EN

In the ethanolamine (MEA) solution, during the absorption and desorption of CO2 undesired compounds are produced as a result of degradation of an amine. Degradation not only reduces the absorption capacity of the solution but also leads to many operational problems. Furthermore, measuring of the degradation products is of great importance in terms of environmental issues. For the determination ofMEA degradation products, mainly chromatographic techniques are used, sometimes coupled with other instrumental methods, e.g. GC-MS. As a part of this work, research was conducted to identifyMEA thermal and oxidative degradation products and to develop a method for quantitative analysis of the main thermal degradation products such as OZD, HEIA and HEEDA and oxidative degradation products: HEA and HEI. Samples drawn from a test bench for CO2 capture from synthetic flue gas with an increased content of carbon dioxide were tested. As a research result, a method for the quantitative determination of the main degradation products was developed, the concentrations of degradation products and the rate of their formation were determined, which allows to qualify the solution shelf life.

5

Carbon capture, wiedzieć jak najwięcej – nasz wspólny cel

Tatarczuk A., Ściążko M., Stec M., Tokarski S., Janikowski J.

Chemik

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2013

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Vol. 67, nr 10

897--902

PL

Największymi wyzwaniami dla procesu aminowego usuwania CO2 ze spalin z konwencjonalnych elektrowni węglowych, jest ograniczenie energii wymaganej do regeneracji roztworu oraz określenie barier technologicznych stojących na przeszkodzie wdrażania tej technologii w skali przemysłowej. Instytut Chemicznej Przeróbki Węgla bada powyższe zagadnienia w ramach Strategicznego Projektu Badawczego: Opracowanie technologii dla wysokosprawnych „zeroemisyjnych” bloków węglowych zintegrowanych z wychwytem CO2 ze spalin. Badania prowadzone są w skali pilotowej na modułowej instalacji, powstałej dzięki współpracy Instytutu z partnerami przemysłowymi: Tauron Polska Energia SA i Tauron Wytwarzanie SA. Aktualnie Instalacja Pilotowa jest wykorzystywana do testów aminowego usuwania CO2 ze spalin z kotła pyłowego w Elektrowni Łaziska w Łaziskach Górnych, które pozwolą uzyskać niezbędne doświadczenie i wiedzę wymaganą przy wdrażaniu technologii Carbon Capture.

EN

The greatest challenge to be overcome in the process of amine capture of CO2 from flue gases in conventional coal power plants is the reduction in energy demand for the regeneration of the solution as well as the identification of technological obstacles to the introduction of this technology at an industrial scale. The Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW) investigates the above-mentioned issues as part of the Strategic Research Programme – „Advanced technologies of energy acquisition: Development of high performance technology of “zero-emission” coal units integrated with CO2 reuptake from flue gases”, coordinated by the Silesian University of Technology. The research is performed at a pilot scale with the application of a modular plant, created thanks to the cooperation of the Institute with industrial partners: TAURON Polska Energia SA and TAURON Wytwarzanie SA. Currently, the Pilot Plant is being implemented for the purpose of the investigation of amine capture of CO2 from the flue gases from the pulverized-fuel boiler in Łaziska Power Plant, The said investigation shall bring the experience and knowledge required for the implementation of Carbon Capture technology.

6

Badanie wymiany masy w mikroreaktorze wielokanałowym ze spływającą warstewką cieczy

Sobieszuk P., Pohorecki R.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2009

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Nr 6

174-175

PL

Zastosowanie mikrostruktur na większą skalę opiera się na koncepcji numbering-up, czyli zwiększaniu liczby mikrokanałów. Aparatem tego typu jest aparat wielokanałowy ze spływającą warstewką cieczy. Jest to aparat zaliczany to urządzeń z kanałami otwartymi. W pracy przedstawiono pomiary szybkości absorpcji CO2 z mieszaniny CO2/N2 w wodnych roztworach monoetanoloaminy (MEA) w tego typu aparacie. Wyznaczono współczynniki wnikania masy z reakcją chemiczną.

EN

The concept of numbering-up allows one to use microstructures in a bigger scale. The Falling Film u-Reactor is a multichannel micro-structure apparatus with open channels. A rate of absorption of C02 from the CO2/N2 mixture into monoethanolamine water solutions was measured. The mass transfer coefficients with chemical reaction were determined.

7

Obniżenie emisji CO2 z sektora energetycznego - możliwe ścieżki wyboru technologii

Dreszer K., Więcław-Solny L.

Polityka Energetyczna

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2008

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T. 11, z. 1

117-129

PL

W aspekcie obecnej polityki UE w zakresie obniżenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych, w tym głównie ditlenku węgla, znajomość dostępnych dla tego celu metod/technologii wydaje się być tematem bardzo ważnym, szczególnie dla polskiej energetyki opartej na węglu. W artykule dokonano analizy dostępnych technologii usuwania CO2 ze strumieni gazowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem gazów spalinowych z elektrowni. Dokonano charakterystyki tych metod, oraz dokonano głębszej analizy technologii usuwania CO2 (tzw post-combustion) opartych na myciu aminowym. Przedstawiono możliwe problemy związane z dostosowaniem instalacji wydzielania ditlenku węgla ze spalin - CCS do istniejących obiektów elektroenergetycznych, wynikające głównie z zapotrzebowania instalacji na media energetyczne konieczne dla prowadzenia ciągłej pracy w cyklu absorpcji i desorpcji wydzielanego CO2.

EN

Monitoring of greenhouse gases is the most challenging environmental issue facing the world today. Capture and sequestration of CO2 from fossil fuel power plants is gaining widespread interest as a potential method of greenhouse gas emission monitoring. A wide range of technologies currently exist for separation and capture of CO2 from gas streams; the problem is that they have not been designed for power-plant-scale operations. The review covers the options of CO2 separation from gas streams based on different physical and chemical processes including absorption, adsorption, membranes and cryogenics. This paper focused on wet scrubbing technology - in which chemical solvent reacts with CO2 to remove it from flue gas. Chemical absorption for CO2 separation currently represents the most "commercially ready" approach. To date all commercial CO2 capture plants, such as those used to remove acid gases from natural gas streams, use processes based on chemical absorption with alkanolamines solvent - specially monoethanolamine (MEA) base solvent. The main utilities requirement in chemical absorption process is thermal energy (steam) and electricity. The energy requirement is the sum of the thermal energy needed to regenerate the solvent and electrical energy required especially by CO2 compression process. The thermal energy for regeneration of sorbent can be achieved from steam cycle, but it lead to losses in power production of power plant. Overall, the status of post-combustion technology is that all of the major components are commercially available, but often at a smaller scale and not integrated or optimised for application at large coal-fired power plants. Postcombustion capture can be used in almost any power plant. In the same manner as in conventional power plants, flue gases are cleaned of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particles and other substances. The component technologies need to be adapted for CCS use, which involves up-scaling and cost reductions for capture technologies, and the integration of CCS system and power plant objects.

8

Usuwanie dwutlenku węgla ze spalin energetycznych drogą absorpcji chemicznej z zastosowaniem monoetanolaminy

Chmielniak T., Bełch K.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Konferencje

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2007

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T. 1, z. 25

115-125

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu omówiono proces absorpcji CO2 za pomocą MEA, zamodelowany przy użyciu programu AspenPlus. Absorber „RadFrac" został zamodelowany jako absorber półkowy. Wskazano na główne problemy związane z procesem absorpcji i desorpcji, przeprowadzono wstępną analizę ważniejszych aspektów związanych z modelowaniem obu procesów jak np. wpływ stężenia, temperatury rozpuszczalnika czy też ilości ciepła doprowadzanej do desorpcji.

EN

In these paper was modeled carbon dioxide removal from the flue gases of power plant, using AspenPlus. The solvent used in the model was monoethanolamine (MEA) aqueous solutions. Absorber model built on RadFrac of AspenPlus was modeled as a tray column. There are presented the effect of the main parameters on absorption and stripping columns for example influence of solvent concentration, solvent temperature or heat amount necessary need to desorption process.