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1

Ważne i użyteczne fakty dotyczące inkluzji fluidalnych w minerałach w kontekście rozpoznawania systemów naftowych

Jarmołowicz-Szulc Katarzyna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

184--187

EN

Samples of minerals, solid bitumen and rocks from different localities and different basins have been an object of mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical analyses. Their microfissures (microfractures) are often filled with fluids forming “fluid inclusions” (FI). Such inclusions are small portions of palaeofluids that existed in the basin during the mineral formation, which may be a significant record from the geological past. Analytical procedures comprised several stages: preparation of thin and thick sections, microscopic evaluation of the material (organic matter, minerals, inclusions), FI microthermometric determinations, geochemical analyses, and auxiliary studies. General microscopic observations were conducted using a polarization microscope, cold cathode, and the special heating-freezing stage. Fluid inclusions in minerals were studied aiming at the characterization of fluids that fill these micro-volumes in crystals. The undertaken analytical steps have led to determination of the fluids trapped in inclusions as brine and/or hydrocarbons (based on fluorescence abilities). Furthermore, they have resulted in the measurement of the homogenization temperatures of inclusions (values positive for, e.g., oil, negative for methane, pure or with admixtures), and determinations of the eutectic and ice-melting temperatures of the aqueous inclusions. Thermometric studies in the heating mode generally lead to determination of temperatures of mineral crystallization since it has been assumed that the homogenization temperature of the primary aqueous inclusions represents a minimum temperature of fluid trapping during mineral precipitation. Complementary analyses, as the Raman spectrum analysis and studies on the organic matter, lead to the interpretation of the results richer, clearer and meaningful for the hydrocarbon systems context, what has been proved on some examples.

2

Simulation on Flyrock due to Blasting Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) with LS-Dyna software

Dinh Bao Tran, Van Trieu Do, Van Viet Pham, An Nguyen Dinh

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

13--21

EN

In surface mining operation, blasting method has been commonly used and accounted highly for breaking waste rock and mineral. The main goal of the activity is fundamental fragmentation by energy generation due to blasting. However, only 20% to 30% blasting energy is generated to fragment rock. The remain energry is wasted for flyrock, ground vibration, air overpressure, dust and too fine fragmentation. Flyrock in blasting is large risk for surface mines and occupies more than a half of incidents relating to blasting at surface mines, because this is a severe issue and causes negative reaction of the surrounding residients. However, studies on flyrock-phenomenon prediction methods for blasting in Vietnam have been also limited. In the study, simulation analysis method on induce-blasting-induced flyrock experiment using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) with LS-Dyna software. Two-dimension modelling was built and practically applied for B2 cross section of Mong Son quarry in Yen Bai province. The result showed that the ability of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) in analysizing flyrock trajectory distance in blasting. By using the modelling with field-site parameters, the researcher monitored flyrock velocity at installed time periods, such as 1.5 second when the flyrocks fly with a maximum distance of 85 m from blasting site and their average velocity of 40 m/s.

3

Natural radionuclides in rocks and their association with the mineralogy of rocks in Dakshina Kannada region of southern India

Lokesh Narsha, Vinutha Pudiyaneravana Ramanand, Malleshi Kavasara, Narayana Yerol

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 5

2149--2160

EN

The radioactivity levels of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the rocks of Dakshina Kannada region of southern India were measured by NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 4.2±0.4 to 74.5±1.7 Bq kg−1, 14.5±0.7 to 83.5±1.6 Bq kg−1, and 172±3 to 964±7 Bq kg−1 with the mean of 25.1±1.0 Bq kg−1, 36.1±1.0 Bq kg−1, and 502±5.0 Bq kg−1, respectively. The normality of the frequency distribution curves of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The radiological hazard indices were computed from the measured activity concentration of natural radionuclides in rocks and these were found to be within acceptable levels. To investigate the sources of radioactivity, the minerals involved in the rocks were detected using XRD and FTIR. The mineralogical studies reveal that the principal sources of gamma radiation in the study area are 232Th-rich phosphates and 40K-bearing feldspars.

4

Hydrothermal alteration of chevkinite: insights from natural rocks and experiments

Macdonald Ray, Bagiński Bogusław

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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Vol. 72, no. 4

413--421

EN

The contributions of the members of the Department of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Warsaw, to the study of the chevkinite-group of minerals (CGM) are described. The range of research topics includes: (i) geochemical and mineralogical studies of natural occurrences of the group, and attempts to relate their chemical composition to host lithology; (ii) detailed analysis of the hydrothermal alteration of CGM in various settings, with the aim of understanding element redistribution and the potential implications for ore formation. An ongoing series of high P-T experiments is providing quantitative information on the pressures, temperatures and melt water conditions under which the alteration assemblages have formed. Various spectroscopic techniques are being used to determine the structure of the CGM and to identify cation distribution in the structures.

5

Ba-Fe titanates in Peralkaline granite of the Ilímaussaq Complex, South Greenland

Cegiełka Małgorzata, Bagiński Bogusław, Macdonald Ray, Marciniak-Maliszewska Beata, Stachowicz Marcin

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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Vol. 72, no. 1

1--8

EN

A peralkaline granite of the Ilímaussaq Complex, South Greenland, contains the rare mineral henrymeyerite [(Ba0.92Na 0.05Ca0.03) 1.0(Ti6.87Fe2+1.04Nb 0.03)7.9O 16], a low-Fe Ba titanate [(Ba0.74 Ca0.02Na 0.05) 0.8 (Ti4.9o Fe2+0.15Nb 0.04)5.1O 11], and an unidentified Ba titanosilicate. Both titanates show the coupled substitution 2Na+ + Si4+→ Ba2+ + Ti4+. The minerals are present as tiny crystals fringing ilmenite inclusions in an amphibole crystal and are thought to have formed during the hydrothermal stage of the granite’s evolution.

6

Improvement of State Institution on Mineral Resources Management and Exploitation in Vietnam

Pham Ngoc Hyuen, Nguyen Thi Hoai Nga, Nguyen Quoc Long, Nguyen Quoc Cuong, Nguyen Ngoc Bich

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2021

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no. 2

579--586

EN

Vietnam's mining industry has a long history with mines distributed throughout the country. It has contributed significantly to national economic growth. However, it also causes negative impacts on the environment, thereby affecting sustainable development and mineral resource management. Therefore, mineral resource management is one of the most critical tasks of state management. The factors that directly affect this issue are the institutional system and state management tools by the law. State institutions are an essential tool to regulate behaviors and establish social orders and disciplines in all fields, including mineral resources management. This article presents the current law on managing and exploiting mineral resources to provide orientations and solutions to improve the state institution on these activities in Vietnam. Based on clarifying the theory of state institutions and analyzing the current legal document systems in Viet Nam, the paper emphasizes the role of appraisal in improving the quality of legal documents and perfecting state institutions.

7

Początki muzealnictwa geologicznego na ziemiach polskich

Skoczylas Janusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 1

21--24

EN

It is likely that the beginnings of geological museology in Poland should be associated with the collecting movement of all kinds of souvenirs and wonders of nature, often referred to as curiosities or antiquity. In 1775, Michal Mniszech proposed the creation of a national museum (Museum Polonicum). The article mentions all significant collectors of geological exhibits, including Anna Jabłonowska as one of the main figures in the beginnings of museology in Poland. The so-called public and academic and some school collections are described. The article also pays attention to social initiatives regarding financing of natural museums, including geological ones.

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Wybrane zastosowanie skał, minerałów oraz nowoczesnych nanomateriałów w biotechnologii

Odrobina Aleksandra, Pajdak Anna

Prace Instytutu Mechaniki Górotworu PAN

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2020

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T. 22, nr 1-4

93--101

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane zastosowania materiałów pochodzenia naturalnego oraz antropogenicznego w kilku gałęziach biotechnologii. Wśród materiałów naturalnych uwzględniono zeolity pochodzące z węgla kamiennego, węgiel brunatny, kalcyt, kwarc, piryt, hydroksyapatyt i żel krzemionkowy. Wśród materiałów syntetycznych opisano zastosowanie w biotechnologii struktur metaloorganicznych MOF, węgla aktywnego i nanorurek węglowych. Przykłady zastosowań wzbogacono o wyniki analiz strukturalnych tych materiałów, które przeprowadzono w ramach prac badawczych Instytutu Mechaniki Górotworu PAN.

EN

The article presents selected applications of materials of natural and anthropogenic origin in several branches of biotechnology. Natural materials include zeolites derived from hard coal, lignite, calcite, quartz, pyrite, hydroxyapatite and silica gel. Synthetic materials include the use of metal–organic framework MOF, active carbon and carbon nanotubes in the biotechnology. Examples of applications were enriched with the results of structural analyzes of these materials, which were carried out as part of the research work of the Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

9

Geology and genesis of vein-type corundum deposits in the Hafafit-Nugrus area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

Mahmoud Soliman Abu Elatta A., Ali Hani H.

Geologos

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2020

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Vol. 26, No. 3

181--197

EN

Unusual deposits formed by corundum are described from two separate pegmatitic veins in the Hafafit-Nugrus area of the South Eastern Desert of Egypt. Other related minerals are described too. The vein-type of corundum at Locality 1 (Vein 1) crosscuts through exposed rocks of an ophiolitic mélange, whereas at Locality 2 (Vein 2), it crosscuts through exposed serpentinised ultramafic rocks. The main minerals in Vein 1 are plagioclase, corundum, grossular, phlogopite, muscovite and clinochlore, while almandine, xenotime-(Y), allanite-(Ce), zircon, Cr-rich spinel, apatite, titanite, fergusonite-(Y), meta-ankoleite, U-rich thorite (uranothorite), carbonate and illite are the accessories. In Vein 2, the main minerals are plagioclase, corundum, phlogopite and chlorite, while clinochlore, euxenite-(Y), Nb-rich rutile, almandine, xenotime-(Y), allanite-(Ce), zircon, spinel, apatite, titanite, kasolite, dickite, illite, carbonate, antigorite and talc are accessories. The two types of corundum veins differ in their concentrations of Th, U, Zr, Nb, Ta, REE, Y and Li in wholerock compositions. Field observations, mineralogy and chemical analyses of samples from the two veins of corundum deposits, as well as concentrations of chromophore elements in corundum crystals, suggest metasomatic origins. The present study suggests that the two types of corundum veins formed at different ages from different residual magmas that underwent in-situ hybridisation with the host rocks.

10

Chevkinite-group minerals in Poland

Nejbert Krzysztof, Bagiński Bogusław, Kotowski Jakub, Jokubauskas Petras, Jurewicz Edyta, Macdonald Ray

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2020

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Vol. 70, no. 1

97--106

EN

The chevkinite group of minerals are REE,Ti-silicates increasingly recognized as widespread accessory phases in a wide range of igneous and metamorphic parageneses. Members of the group are here recorded from five localities in Poland: a two-pyroxene andesite from the Kłodzko-Złoty Stok intrusion, a trachyandesite intrusion north of the Pieniny Mountains, a rapakivi-type granite from the Krasnopol intrusion, an anorthosite from the Suwałki Anorthosite Massif, and nepheline syenite from the Ełk syenite massif. Specific members found are chevkinite-(Ce), perrierite-(Ce) and, potentially, the Al-dominant analogue of perrierite-(Ce). The case is made that chevkinite-group minerals will, through systematic investigation, be found in a wide range of Polish igneous and metamorphic rocks.

11

Kosmetyki mineralne

Pawlikowski M., Hreśka M.

Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering

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2018

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nr 24

1--4

PL

Od tysiącleci minerały samodzielnie lub w mieszaninach używane były przez ludzi jako lekarstwa i kosmetyki. Przedstawione badania nawiązują do tradycji stosowania minerałów w nowoczesnej kosmetologii.

EN

Minerals or mixtures containing minerals were used during thousands years as cosmetics and or medicines. Presented investigation refer to tradition of use of minerals in modern cosmetology.

12

Pierwiastki ziem rzadkich (REE) w środowiskach powierzchniowych litosfery

Kwecko P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 11

902--917

EN

In the Polish geochemical literature there is no general discussion of the occurrence and behaviour of REE in surface environments. This text is an attempt to review the world literature concerning the REE occurrence and behaviour mainly in rocks, minerals (primary and secondary) and soils, and during hypergenic and soil-forming processes. The article also presents the atomic structure and properties of REE, their divisions and participation in the biosphere, organic matter and sediments of selected Polish lakes and, additionally, anthropogenic sources. Particular attention is given to primary and secondary REE minerals and their presence in rocks, soils (including soil-forming processes) and hypergenic processes. The main source of REE is the primary minerals of acid and siliceous igneous rocks and secondary minerals of sedimentary rocks. Among primary minerals the largest quantities of REE are concentrated in heavy minerals (anatase, ilmenite, sphe- ne, rutile and zircon). Basic silicate weathering leads to the formation of secondary clay minerals which, together with iron and manganese oxides and carbonates, are the main sources of REE as secondary minerals.

13

Hydrothermal metasomatism of a peralkaline granite pegmatite, Khaldzan Buragtag massif, Mongolian Altai; complex evolution of REE-Nb minerals

Bagiński B., Jokubauskas P., Domańska-Siuda J., Kartashov P., Macdonald R.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

473--491

EN

The low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of certain rare-metal minerals is recorded in a quartz-epidote metasomatite from the Tsakhirin Khuduk occurrence in the Khaldzan-Buragtag Nb-REE-Zr deposit, Mongolian Altai. A peralkaline granitic pegmatite was metasomatized by hydrothermal fluids released from associated intrusions, with the formation of, inter alia, chevkinite-(Ce), fergusonite-(Nd) and minerals of the epidote group. The textural pattern indicates recrystallization and coarsening of these phases. Later, low-temperature alteration byfluids resulted in the chevkinite-(Ce) being replaced by complex titanite-TiO2-cerite-(Ce)-hingganite-hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) assemblages. Calcite formed late-stage veins and patches. The hydrous fluids were poor in F and CO2 but had high Ca contents.

14

Mineralogia hałd wietrzeniowych złoża Miedzianka (Góry Świętokrzyskie)

Swęd M., Urbanek P., Krechowicz I., Dworczak P., Wiecka P., Mleczak M., Tobys P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 6

363--370

EN

The paper presents new data on the weathering zone in Miedzianka, Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), including macroscopic, microscopic and chemical investigation, using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The deposit contains sulphide mineralization (e.g. chalcopiryte, chalcocite), and carbonates with hydroxyl (malachite and azurite) in the weathering zone. Additionally, arsenic – bearing sulphosalts of the tennantite – tetrahedrite group and Ba-sulphate were found. Moreover, cracks are observed on a macro- and micro-scale, filled with new minerals that formed during the weathering.

15

Dokumentowanie wód termalnych : procedury i aspekty praktyczne

Sokołowski J., Socha M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 12/1

1397--1402

EN

The paper presents legal aspects of searching, recognition and exploitation of groundwaters that are considered as minerals with a special attention to geothermal water resources. The chosen problems of geological works design were also presented in the article and several interpretation difficulties referring to groundwater resource boundaries determination in relation to spatial planning.

16

Interakcje wyładowania elektryczne - minerały

Pawlikowski M., Bożęcki P.

Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering

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2015

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nr 20

1--24

PL

Wykonano eksperymenty polegające na bombardowaniu powierzchni kryształów przez wyładowania elektryczne. Kryształy umieszczono na elektrodzie w specjalnej rurce szklanej. Iskry wytwarzano przy pomocy specjalnego generatora. Powierzchnie kryształów w strefie wyładowań badano przy pomocy mikroskopu skaningowego z przystawką do analiz chemicznych (EDS). Stwierdzono powstawanie w bombardowanej powierzchni kryształów mikro kraterów. Uderzenia iskier spowodowały także w niektórych przypadkach powstanie ziarn czystych metali w pobliżu mikro kraterów.

EN

Interaction minerals artificial sparks were examined using pyrite, galena, hematite an pyrrhotite - bornite were examined using specially constructed generator. The surface of crystals was examines using SEM-EDS after strong bombing by artificial spark. The erosion of surface and formation of micro crater was observed. Moreover activity of sparks led to the formation of new secondary product represented sometime by pure metals.

17

Comparison of mineral and organic nitrogen forms in regulated and restored sections of a small lowland river

Zieliński P., Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk E.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 40, nr 2

33--46

EN

The lower, ending part of a small lowland Rudnia River (RR) in NE Poland was restored in 1999 and transformed into a meandering river. In this study, a few years after the natural connection between the main channel and its historic floodplain was restored, we examined the impact of river channel restoration on nitrogen dynamics and its biogeochemistry. Data were collected over a period of a year at monthly intervals from two sections of the river located on the regulated and restored sections. Spatial and temporal variations in the occurrence of mineral (NH(+4), NO(-2), NO(-3) and organic forms of nitrogen were investigated. Much higher average concentrations of organic nitrogen forms were found in the water from the restored part of the river than in the regulated one. Mineral nitrogen contribution to the total nitrogen (TN) pool was the highest, and the total organic nitrogen (TON) to total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) ratio exceeded 2 mg•dm-3 in the restored river section. The seasonal trend in concentration of organic nitrogen forms for the restored section was higher and statistically significantly different from the data recorded at the regulated river section. Geological, hydrological, and biogeochemical factors caused elevated organic nitrogen concentrations in the water at the restored part. The most important environmental parameters for nitrogen dynamics are geological structure of river valley, formation and condition of river banks ecotone zone, and water retention time in the river channel. Results from this study suggest that properly restored lowland river floodplains can be effective nitrate sink for mineral forms of nitrogen.

18

Sorpcja barwników kwasowych i reaktywnych z roztworów wodnych na minerałach

Greluk M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2013

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T. 92, nr 5

646-654

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Świat minerałów - Terra Mineralia, wystawa we Freibergu (Saksonia)

Probierz K.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2012

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T. 68, nr 10

102--105

PL

Scharakteryzowno nową wystawę minerałów Terra Mineralia zorganizowaną we Freibergu (Saksonia). Wystawę zorganizował tamtejszy uniwersytet TU-Bergakademie, najstarsza nadal funkcjonująca uczelnia górnicza na świecie założona w 1765 roku. Oddane w wieczyste użytkowanie uczelni okazy (ponad 3500) były gromadzone przez okres około 50 lat przez kolekcjonerkę i miłośniczkę minerałów, mecenasa sztuki Panią dr E. Pohl-Ströher. Efektowna ekspozycja umożliwia zapoznanie się z pięknem świata kryształów i minerałów, zróżnicowaniem ich barw, rozmiarów i kształtów. W kolekcji zgromadzono okazy pochodzące z wszystkich kontynentów. Omówiono ponadto zarys budowy geologicznej obszaru występowania srebronośnych złóż rud Zn-Pb, historię górnictwa rejonu oraz miasta założonego w XII wieku a także uczelni TU-Bergakademie Freiberg.

EN

This paper presents a new-found mineral exhibition Terra Mineralia, which took place in Freiberg, Saxony. It was organized by TU-Bergakademie, the first, still operating mining university in the world, founded in 1765. The university has been granted the right of perpetual usufruct of the pieces of art (above 3500) which have been gathered for around 50 years by the collector and lover of minerals, the patron of art Mrs. Ph.D. E. Pohl – Ströher. The glamorous exhibition enables one to get familiar with the beauty of the world of crystals and minerals, their differentiation of colour, size and shape. The collection consists of pieces from all continents. Besides, this paper describes the outline of geological structure in the area of argentiferous ore deposits Zn-Pb, the history of local mining industry, the city founded in the 17th century as well as the TU-Bergakademie University. .

20

REACH dla drogowców. Cz. II

Górniak L., Palczewska-Tulińska M., Krześlak A.

Kruszywa : produkcja - transport - zastosowanie

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2012

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Nr 2

80--85

PL

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kontynuację zagadnień dotyczących REACH, prezentowanych w poprzednim numerze magazynu „Kruszywa”. Autorzy szczegółowo opisują materiały stosowane w drogownictwie, a więc zarówno substancje, mieszaniny, jak i wyroby, według definicji zawartych w rozporządzeniu REACH.

EN

This article describes further the issues relating to REACH. The first part of the article was published in a previous issue of the „Kruszywa” magazine. The authors describes in detail the materials used in road construction, thus substances, mixtures and products, as defined in the REACH Regulation are discussed.