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1

Measuring Goal-Oriented Requirements Language Actor Stability

Hassine Jameleddine, Alshayeb Mohammad

e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal

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2019

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Vol. 13, nr 1

203--226

EN

Background: Goal models describe interests, preferences, intentions, desired goals and strategies of intervening stakeholders during the early requirements engineering stage. When capturing the requirements of real-world systems such as socio-technical systems, the produced goal models evolve quickly to become large and complex. Hence, gaining a sufficient level of understanding of such goal models, to perform maintenance tasks, becomes more challenging. Metric-based approaches have shown good potential in improving software designs and making them more understandable and easier to maintain. Aim: In this paper, we propose a novel metric to measure GRL (Goal-oriented Requirements Language) “actor stability” that provides a quantitative indicator of the actor maintainability. Method: We first, validate the proposed metric theoretically then empirically using a case study of a GRL model describing the fostering of the relationship between the university and its alumni. Results: The proposed actor stability metric is found to have significant negative correlation with the maintenance effort of GRL models. Conclusions: Our results show that the proposed metric is a good indicator of GRL actors’ stability.

2

System zarządzania heterogenicznymi sieciami radiowymi

Szmit G., Łopatka J.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2018

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nr 8-9

747--751, CD

PL

Dotychczasowe doświadczenia wynikające z eksploatacji sieci radiowych pokazują, że budowa sieci radiowej z wykorzystaniem urządzeń różnych generacji nie jest zadaniem łatwym. Urządzenia radiowe wspierają inne standardy i tryby pracy. Budowa sieci radiowej wymaga wyboru wspólnego dla wszystkich terminali wavform-u. Odpowiednie wdrożenie starych wavefrm-ów na radiostacje kognitywne oraz opracowanie odpowiedniego mechanizmu zarządzania siecią radiową może stanowić podstawę do wdrożenia dynamicznego dostępu do widma.

EN

Some experience coming from the operation of radio networks shows that building a radio network using devices of various generations is not an easy task. Radio equipment supports different standards and work modes. A radio network requires a common choice of wavform for all terminals. Appropriate implementation of old waveframes on cognitive radio stations and the development of an appropriate radio network management mechanism may be the basis for the implementation of dynamic spectrum access.

3

Comparative Analysis of Object-Oriented Software Maintainability Prediction Models

Zighed N., Bounour N., Seriai A. D.

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2018

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Vol. 43, No. 4

359--374

EN

Software maintainability is one of the most important aspects when evaluating the quality of a software product. It is defined as the ease with which the existing software can be modified. In the literature, several researchers have proposed a large number of models to measure and predict maintainability throughout different phases of the Software Development Life Cycle. However, only a few attempts have been made for conducting a comparative study of the existent proposed prediction models. In this paper, we present a detailed classification and conduct a comparative analysis of Object-Oriented software maintainability prediction models. Furthermore, we considered the aforementioned proposed models from three perspectives, which are architecture, design and code levels. To the best of our knowledge, such an analysis that comprises the three levels has not been conducted in previous research. Moreover, this study hints at certain fundamental basics concerning the way of how measure the maintainability knowing that at each level the maintainability will be measured differently. In addition, we will focus on the strengths and weaknesses of these models. Consequently, the comparative study yields that several statistical and machine learning techniques have been employed for software maintainability prediction at code level during the last decade, and each technique possesses its specific characteristic to develop an accurate prediction model. At the design level, the majority of the prediction models measured maintainability according to the characteristics of the quality models. Whereas at the architectural level, the techniques adopted are still limited and only a few of studies have been conducted in this regard.

4

Znaczenie doboru metryk w badaniu separacji między klastrami

Paśko Ł., Setlak G.

Studia Informatica

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2016

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Vol. 37, nr 1

135--148

PL

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie znaczenia doboru metryki podczas analizy separacji między skupiskami obiektów w przestrzeni danych. Do analizy wybrano czternaście znanych z literatury metryk, służących do pomiaru odległości. Analizie poddano siedem zbiorów danych, różniących się liczbą obiektów, cech i skupisk. Dla każdego z nich wyznaczano cztery miary separacji klastrów. Praca zawiera wybrane wyniki obliczeń, skupiając się w szczególny sposób na różnicach, wynikających z zastosowania każdej z metryk.

EN

The aim of this paper is to examine the importance of selection of me-tric during the analysis of separation between clusters of objects in the feature space. Fourteen metrics known from the literature were selected for the calculations. Seven datasets that differ in the number of objects, attributes, and clusters were examined. For each of them, the four cluster separation measures were calculated. The article contains selected results with particular emphasis on the differences arising from the use of various metrics.

5

Porównanie wydajności wybranych technologii tworzenia usług sieciowych w aspekcie zastosowań w aplikacjach internetowych

Gdula A., Plechawska-Wójcik M.

Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

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2016

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Vol. 1

14--19

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę porównawczą wybranych technologii tworzenia usług sieciowych. Analiza polega na porównaniu usług wykorzystujący protokół SOAP z usługami typu RESTful oraz szablonów wspomagających tworzenie usług w języku Java: Apache CXF, Spring WS, Jersey. W pierwszej kolejności analiza bazuje na metrykach statycznych porównując przykładowe aplikacje. W drugim etapie analiza skupia się na kwestii wydajności i porównuje wybrane technologie pod kątem czasu odpowiedzi usługi.

EN

The article presents a comparative analysis of selected web service development technology. The analysis consists on a comparison of services using SOAP with RESTful web service and frameworks support the creation of web service in Java: Apache CXF, Spring WS, Jersey. In the first the analysis is based on a static metrics, compares the sample applications. In the second stage, the analysis raise the issue of performance, and compares the selected technologies in terms response time service.

6

Wpływ wybranych metryk na wynik badania skupisk

Pasko Ł., Setlak G.

Studia Informatica

|

2015

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Vol. 36, nr 1

31--45

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the metrics used to measure a distance between objects in a feature space. The analyses were performed on seven datasets. For each of them, the occurrence of clusters of similar objects was examined, and the measures of clusters’ dispersion were calculated. The calculations were carried out using fourteen metrics known from the literature. The article contains selected results with particular emphasis on the differences arising from the use of various metrics.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie metryk stosowanych do pomiaru odległości pomiędzy obiektami w przestrzeni danych. Analizy wykonano na siedmiu zbiorach danych. W każdym z nich zbadano występowanie skupisk podobnych do siebie obiektów oraz rozproszenie obiektów w skupiskach. Obliczenia przeprowadzono za pomocą czternastu znanych z literatury metryk. Praca zawiera wybrane wyniki obliczeń, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem różnic wynikających z zastosowania poszczególnych metryk.

7

Problemy oceny jakości ontologii

Goczyła K., Karpus A.

Studia Informatica

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2013

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Vol. 34, nr 2A

173--184

PL

W artykule podjęto rozważania na temat tego, czym jest jakość ontologii, jak zmierzyć jakość istniejących ontologii i jak tworzyć ontologie wysokiej jakości. Dokonano przeglądu istniejących metryk ontologii, które mogą posłużyć do oceny jakości ontologii. Przedstawiono problem zapewniania i oceny jakości ontologii modularnych jako ważny problem badawczy w obliczu pojawiania się skomplikowanych, trudnych do użycia i modyfikacji płaskich ontologii.

EN

This paper elaborates on what is the quality of the ontology, how to measure the quality of existing ontologies, and how to create high-quality ontologies. A review of existing ontology metrics that can be used to evaluate the quality of ontology is presented. The paper also discusses the problem of quality assurance and quality evaluation of modular ontologies as an important research problem in the face of the prevailing emergence of complicated, difficult to use and modify flat ontologies common in the Semantic Web.

8

Analysis of problems connected with quality of operation systems functioning

Muślewski Ł.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

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2011

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nr 27 (99) z. 2

36-42

EN

The basis of operation systems functioning is their ability to accomplish set goals, in given conditions, place, quantity and time. Assessment of their operation quality is a summary measurement of their efficiency, reliability, safety, environment friendliness and ergonomics. The analysis of literature on this subject proves, that studying the systems operation quality is one of the main factors, which make up the processes of their service, repairs, control, supply, diagnostics, and most of all, operation of used machines and devices. The studied systems belong to socio-technical systems of the type H–M–E (human–machine–environment), to which the discussed transport system, being the research object of this work, belongs as well. Basing on the author's own research and the identification of processes occurring within the studied object, a method and a model for its operation quality assessment have been developed and discussed in the article. Application of the method enables making an assessment of the research object operation quality, depending on changes of values of features describing the actions of operators, technical objects operated by them and the impact of the environment.

PL

Podstawą działania systemów eksploatacji jest realizacja postawionych im celów w określonych warunkach, miejscu, ilości i czasie. Ocena jakości ich funkcjonowania stanowi zbiorczą miarę zarówno pod względem efektywności, niezawodności, bezpieczeństwa, ekologiczności, jak i ergonomiczności. Z analizy literatury przedmiotowej wynika, że badanie jakości funkcjonowania tych systemów stanowi jeden z podstawowych czynników w procesach obsługowo-naprawczych, sterowania, zasilania, diagnozowania, a w szczególności użytkowania eksploatowanych w nich maszyn i urządzeń. Omawiane systemy zalicza się do systemów socjotechnicznych typu (człowiek–maszyna–otoczenie), wśród których wyróżnić można system transportowy, stanowiący w niniejszym opracowaniu obiekt badań. Na podstawie wyników własnych badań eksploatacyjnych oraz identyfikacji procesów realizowanych w obiekcie badań w opracowaniu przedstawiono metodę oraz zbudowano model oceny jakości działania takich systemów. Zastosowanie tej metody umożliwia ocenę jakości ich działania, realizowaną w zależności od zmian wartości cech opisujących działanie operatorów, sterowanych przez nich obiektów technicznych oraz wpływu otoczenia.

9

The Non-Didactic Aspects of e-Learning Quality

Stemposz E., Jodłowski A., Stasiecka A.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2009

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nr 3

85-94

EN

The paper presents a research on the quality of e-learning from the non-didactic point of view. It illustrates a discussion about measures developed on the basis of statistical analysis of data gathered from e-learners who evaluated the quality of e-learning applications and systems. The main contribution of the paper is the proposal for the quality metrics with the features concerning e-learning platforms in the technological and human aspects.

10

Research and assessment of transport means operational quality

Muślewski Ł., Pająk M.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 2

349-359

EN

In this paper there has been developed a method for the transport system operation quality assessment. The concept of the transport system quality has been defined. There has also been described the proposed evaluation method and the process of an assessment model construction. Basic features of the metrical space have been characterized and a proposition o f a system operation quality evaluation metrics has been presented. Also, studies concerning the choice of assessment criteria and distinction of the most signiflcant set of features accepted for the resultant model of the examined transport system operation quality, have been presented. It should be emphasized that using the presented method it is possible to make an assessment of the same system, in different times, with the assumption that the rating is performed on the basis of homogenous criteria, and with the use of a set of the same features, distinguished for the deser iption of the research object.

11

Control method for transport system operational quality

Muślewski Ł.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 3

275-282

EN

This paper deals with selected problems connected with transport means operation quality. Basic concepts concerning the problems of quality have been defined, and general characteristics of the elaborated methodology have been made. Description of rules on the basis of which the method was elaborated, has been presented. An algorithm of mathematical model determination has been created and a model for quality assessment of the system operation has been built. This model is supposed to serve as a general abstract form for operation quality assessment of a wide class of real transport systems different in terms of their features, structure and operation. The further part of the paper deals with possibilities of quality control in order to provide the desired level of the transport system operation quality which will be an effect of the carried out research, especially, the results, obtained on the basis of the proposed assessment method. The presented methodology can be found to be a universal tool for diagnostic, prognostic processes, and above all, for optimization and rational control ofcomplex systems of technical object using, especially transport ones through assessment of their states, determined on the basis of changes of significant features characteristic for the system.

12

A Comparison of Metric-Based and Empirical Approaches for Cognitive Analysis of Modeling Languages

Kamandi A., Habibi J.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2009

|

Vol. 90, nr 3

337-352

EN

Modeling languages are needed to describe the conceptual construct underlying software. Several modeling languages have been proposed during the last decades. Cognitive complexity is one of the common problems in designing modeling languages. Users have to split their attention and cognitive resources between two different tasks when working with complex language: solving the problem and understanding the elements composing the language. Several researches have been accomplished to evaluate cognitive complexity of modeling languages, among them, metric based and empirical approaches aremore important and convenient than others. In this paper, we compared these two methods. Results show that there is no significant relation between outputs generated by these approaches.

13

Kinematic Approximation of Robotic Manipulators

Dulęba I.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2000

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Vol. 10, no 3

605-622

EN

A kinematic approximation of the nominal, reference kinematics of a manipulator is addressed. The approximation task leads to a minimax optimization problem. Some modifications facilitating the implementation of the algorithm in search spaces of high dimensionalities are presented. A sub-gradient mesh algorithm of solving the minimax task is given in detail. The approximation of the CYBOTECH manipulator with a ULB robot is provided based on the use of the Chebyshev metric. As an alternative, some measures of proximity of manipulators are also introduced.

14

Certification of Highly Complex Safety-Related Systems

Reinert D., Schaefer M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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1999

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Vol. 5, No. 4

537--552

EN

The BIA has now 15 years of experience with the certification of complex electronic systems for safety-related applications in the machinery sector. Using the example of machining centres, this presentation will show the systematic procedure for verifying and validating control systems using Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and microcomputers for safety functions. One section will describe the control structure of machining centres with control systems using “ integrated safety.” A diverse redundant architecture combined with crossmonitoring and forced dynamisation is explained. In the main section the steps of the systematic certification procedure are explained showing some results of the certification of drilling machines. Specification reviews, design reviews with test case specification, statistical analysis, and walk-throughs are the analytical measures in the testing process. Systematic tests based on the test case specification, Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and environmental testing, and site acceptance tests on the machines are the testing measures for validation. A complex software driven system is always undergoing modification. Most of the changes are not safety-relevant but this has to be proven. A systematic procedure for certifying software modifications is presented in the last section of the paper.