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1

Machining Investigations of Squeeze Cast TiB2/Al 7075 Composites through EDM: Regression Modelling and Weighted Principal Component Analysis

Pradhan Rahul Chandra, Das Diptikanta, Sahoo Barada Prasanna, Rout Chiranjeeb, Panda Akash, Barla Evangelin

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 2

551--562

EN

2 wt.% TiB2 (mean particle size: 400 nm) reinforced Al 7075 metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated through mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation integrated squeeze casting process were subjected to electrical discharge machining (EDM) after determining the physical and mechanical properties. EDM was conducted with Cu electrode tools to investigate influence of machining factors, i.e. peak current (IP), pulse on time (TON) and gap voltage (VG) on the tool wear rate (TWR), material removal rate (MRR) and average surface roughness (ASR) of the machined surfaces. All the three responses increased on increasing IP and TON, but reduced on increasing VG. The machined surfaces were studied through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Significance of the EDM parameters on the individual responses were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression models for the responses were developed using response surface method (RSM). The responses under consideration were optimized simultaneously using Taguchi embedded weighted principal component analysis (WPCA), which resulted the parametric combination of 4A (current), 100 μs (pulse duration) and 75V (voltage) was the optimal setting for the multi-criteria decision problem. Finally, the result of optimization was validated by conducting some confirmatory experiments.

2

Manufacturing of Composite Castings by the Method of Fused Models Reinforced with Carbon Fibers Based on the Aluminum Matrix

Szymański Paweł

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

118--123

EN

The paper presents an attempt to produce aluminum matrix composites reinforced with short carbon fibers by precision casting in a chamber with a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. The composite casting process was preceded by tests related to the preparation of the reinforcement. This is related to the specificity of the precision casting process, in which the mold for shaping the castings is fired at a temperature of 720°C before pouring. Before the mold burns, the reinforcement must be inside, while the carbon fiber decomposes in the atmosphere at 396°C. In the experiment, the reinforcement in the form was secured with flake graphite and quartz sand. The performed firing procedure turned out to be effective. The obtained composite castings were evaluated in terms of the degree of alloy saturation and the displacement of carbon fibers. As a result of the conducted tests, it was found that as a result of unfavorable arrangement of fibers in the CF preform, the flow of metal may be blocked and porosity may appear in the casting.

3

Study on Near-Dry EDM Performance Characteristics of MSGNP/Al-7075 Using Air, Argon, Nitrogen, and Freon Dielectric Medium

Abd Haneen Lateef, Ali Saad Mahmood

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 6

254--273

EN

The primary aim of the current study is to investigate the influence of input parameters of near dry electric discharge machine (ND-EDM) upon the output performances including the MRR, EWR, SR and WLT for the fabricated new metal matrix composite (MMCs) of aluminum A7075 matrix nanocomposites by adding 8% of Microscopic Slide Glass Nanoparticles (MSGNPs) as reinforcements to improve the metallurgical and mechanical properties of Al-7075/MSGNP composites using stir-casting method. In (ND-EDM), the dielectric medium plays a significant role in the procedure responses. In the current work, the vegetable oil with gases, such as air, Ar, mix (Ar+N2), and Freon were used as a dielectric media. The obtained results show that the highest MRR achieved when using the vegetable oil + Freon gas, reached 29.425 mm3/min, and then 26.943 mm3/min when using the vegetable oil + Air as a dielectric. The lowest EWR achieved when employing the vegetable oil + Argon gas, reached 0.120 mm3/min, and then 0.175 mm3/min. The lowest SR values obtained for all the designed experiments reached 3.287 µm when using Ip (10 A), Ton (1600 µsec), and Ar additive gas, followed by 4.567 µm when adding Freon gases to the dielectric. In the ND-EDM, the average of recast white layer thickness in the case of vegetable oil + air, vegetable oil + Ar, vegetable oil + mix (Ar-N2), and vegetable oil + Freon was 1.505, 1.180, 0.456, and 0 μm, respectively. These unique results can be used to increase the service and fatigue life of parts and machines that are exposed to sudden dynamic mechanical or thermal loads, without the need for additional operations to remove this brittle layer, which causes the failure of these parts with a short service life. The created mathematical models displayed a higher value of R-Square and the adjusted R-square, which manifest a better fit. Normal probability plots of the residuals for MRR, EWR, and SR elucidated an obvious pattern (i.e., the points were stabilized in a straight line) which indicates that every factor affects the mentioned responses and the outcomes of these responses from the regression model (predicted value by factorial) and the true values (from the experiments).

4

Investigation of Adding Microscopic Slide Glass Nano Particles on the Metallurgical Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Cast Aluminum 7075 Composites

Lateef Haneen, Aghdeab Shukry H., Mahdi Baha S.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 3

214--225

EN

Metal Matrix Composite (MCC) exhibits significantly better properties, like hardness, high tensile strength, low density, and good wear resistance compared to alloy or any other metals. In the present study, the effect of using different proportions (2, 4, 8 and 10 wt.%) of microscopic slide glass nano particles (MSGNP) on the properties of Al-7075 alloy was investigated. The results of the experimental investigation of the metallurgical characterization and mechanical properties of aluminum MMC that formed by stir casting were obtained. Stir casting is the process of introducing a reinforcing material into a molten metal by stirring it in. The results of the aluminum MMC were compared with those for the base alloy material. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction study (XRD) were carried out to analyze the microstructure and the dispersion of the (MSGNP) into the composite alloy specimens. Regarding the mechanical properties, the Rockwell hardness gradually increased when the addition of MSGNP was raised from 0 to 10wt.%. Also, there was an increase in the ultimate tensile strength, peaking at the incorporation rate of 4wt.% MSGNP and thereafter, this strength deteriorated. Therefore, the addition of microscopic slide glass nano particles to the Al-7075 is good for enhancing the alloy properties for engineering application.

5

Influence of nanoparticles reinforcements on the mechanical performance and tribological properties of aluminum 6082 alloys

Al-Obaidi Anwer J., Tariq Abdalameer, Dalfi Hussein

Engineering Transactions

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2022

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Vol. 70, iss. 4

391--405

EN

This research investigates the effect of using hard ceramic SiC particles on the mechanical and tribological properties of Al6082 alloy. This investigation is performed by mixing various contents of SiC as weight percentages of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% with Al6082. Mechanical tests, such as tensile strength and hardness tests, are adopted for this composite (Al6082/SiC) at various contents of the filler (SiC). Besides, the wear test is conducted for the Al6082/SiC composite at various normal loads (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 N) and sliding distances (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 m). Taguchi’s approach is used to create the experimental runs’ matrix. The findings reveal that the mechanical properties improved with increasing the percentage of SiC reinforcement. The tensile strength and Rockwell hardness of Al6082 increased by about 24.6 and 14%, respectively, using 4% of SiC particles. Regarding the tribological behavior, the average wear of Al6082 alloy decreased with increasing the percentage of SiC reinforcement due to higher hardness of reinforcement in Al6082/SiC composite. At the same time, an increase in the normal load and sliding distance led to a decrease in wear due to increasing plastic deformation at elevated loadings and larger area contacts.

6

Development of Al-Ti-C porous structures for reinforcing aluminum matrix composites

Dmitruk Anna, Naplocha Krzysztof

Composites Theory and Practice

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2022

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R. 22, nr 3

172--177

EN

Open-porous preforms from Al-Ti-C compounds were successfully ignited and synthesized by combustion synthesis in a microwave field. The reaction course and the temperature were remarkably affected by the preparation method and molarratio of the substrates, as well as the position of the green sample in the microwave field generated by a single mode microwave reactor. The manufactured structures were characterized by SEM investigations. The addition of aluminum powder to the mixture moderates the reaction and temperaturę variations, allowing the course of synthesis in explosive mode to be avoided. Among the reported developed materials the following can be distinguished: Ti-Al intermetallics, titanium carbides and MAX phases belonging to the Ti-Al-C system. The prepared and selected Al-Ti C preforms were subsequently infiltrated with an AlSi12 aluminum alloy by the squeeze casting method. The composite materials exhibit a relatively homogeneous microstructure with low residual porosity and a good reinforcement/matrix interface.

PL

Otwarte porowate preformy ze związków Al-Ti-C z powodzeniem zapalono i zsyntetyzowano poprzez syntezę spaleniową w polu mikrofalowym. Znaczący wpływ na przebieg i temperaturę reakcji miał sposób przygotowania i stosunek molowy sub-stratów oraz położenie próbki w polu mikrofalowym generowanym przez jednomodowy reaktor mikrofalowy. Wytworzone struktury scharakteryzowano za pomocą badań SEM. Dodatek proszku aluminium do mieszaniny łagodzi przebieg reakcji i zmiany temperatury, pozwalając uniknąć przebiegu syntezy w trybie wybuchowym. Spośród wytworzonych materiałów można wyróżnić następujące: fazy międzymetaliczne Ti-Al, węgliki tytanu i fazy typu MAX należące do układu Ti-Al-C. Przygotowane i wyselekcjonowane preformy Al-Ti-C następnie infiltrowano stopem aluminium AlSi12 metodą prasowania ze stanu ciekłego. Materiały kompozytowe wykazują stosunkowo jednorodną mikrostrukturę o niskiej porowatości resztkowej i dobrej granicy faz umocnienie/osnowa.

7

Characterization of SiC particle reinforced copper matrix composite with copper wire structure

Singh Ashish, Srivastava Rajeev, Bisht Vijay Singh, Bhandari Prabhakar

Composites Theory and Practice

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2022

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R. 22, nr 3

178--183

EN

Composites have become a very important class of materials in our everyday life. In the present work, the effect of a copper wireframe structure in SiC particle reinforced copper matrix composites on the compressive strength and other physical properties was analysed. SiC particle reinforced copper matrix composites with and without a copper wireframe structure were fabricated by the powder metallurgy method and sintering was performed at 700°C in atmospheric condition. The copper wire used for making the wireframe structure has diameters of 0.2 and 0.3 mm. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with magnification of 500X was used to characterize the sintered composites. In addition, hardness tests were performed on a Vickers hardness testing machine and compression testing was carried on a UTM machine. It was observed that the formation of Cu reinforced with 5-7 wt.% SiC and 0.1-0.2 wt.% copper wireframe structure composites was successful. It can be concluded that the hardness of the Cu-SiC composite rises with the increase in the wt.% of reinforcement, while the copper wireframe structure in the composite had a negligible effect on the hardness. However, the addition of the copper wireframe structure resulted in increased compressive strength.

8

Experimental investigation and optimization of mechanical properties of nitinol reinforced composites

Kalepu Sambasivarao, Nallu Ramanaiah

Composites Theory and Practice

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2021

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R. 21, nr 4

154--160

EN

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have elevated properties when compared to their parent metals. Aluminium, due to its light weight has a versatile set of applications. In the present work, the 2024 aluminium alloy was chosen as the metal matrix, was melted and stir cast at a temperature of around 900°C along with an addition of a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) in powder form as the reinforcement in varying proportions (2, 4, 6, 8% weight fractions). Tests were conducted to analyse the tensile strength, impact strength, elongation and microstructure of the produced specimens. SEM micrographs revealed that the MMCs with 2 and 4 wt.% reinforcement exhibited better dispersion of the reinforcement. The composites having the 4 and 6 wt.% additions of Ni-Ti powder exhibited better ultimate tensile strength when compared to the other specimens, whereas the one with the 8 wt.% addition of Ni-Ti powder revealed better impact strength. Some agglomerations of the Ni-Ti particles were observed on the fractured surface. When evaluating the optimum result using design expert or the design of experiments, it is understood that when the data points are evenly split, either transformation or a higher order model can improve the fit to obtain the optimum result. The yield strength of the metal matrix composite which indicates the ability of the material to withstand permanent deformation varies with respect to the additions of Ni-Ti powder. It occurred that the MMCs with the 4 and 6 wt.% reinforcement produced better results when compared with the 2 and 8 wt.% ones, respectively. The impact strength of the composite containing the 8 wt.% addition exhibited better resistance when compared with the 2, 4 and 6 wt.% reinforced MMCs. It was revealed that the 8 wt.% addition of Ni-Ti powder to the metal matrix resisted fracture due to the applied load. The lower limit for the ultimate tensile strength is 186 MPa and for the upper limit it is 212.14 MPa, which are within the acceptable range; therefore, the optimum results are within the limits.

9

DEC – węgliki wzmocnione diamentem: nowy supertwardy materiał o zwiększonej odporności na zużycie

Tsybulia Iurii, Przygucki Hubert, Kasonde Maweja, Mątewski Damian

Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering

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2020

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R. 58, nr 4

65--70

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie metody spiekania impulsowo-plazmowego (PPC) w dziedzinie spiekanych kompozytów diamentowych w warunkach termodynamicznej niestabilności diamentu do wytwarzania narzędzi przeznaczonych do cięcia i urabiania różnych kamieni. Węgliki wzmocnione diamentem (DEC – ang. Diamond Enchanced Carbide), w dalszej części tekstu nazywane skrótowo DEC, jako materiał kompozytowy zawierający 30 obj. cząstek diamentu wytworzono, stosując mieszaninę submikronową WC6Co [ wag.]. Dzięki warunkom spiekania PPC uzyskano spieki o wysokiej gęstości z silnym wiązaniem pomiędzy cząstkami diamentu a osnową węglika spiekanego. Badano wartości energii właściwej skrawania i współczynnika tarcia pozornego frezu DEC w porównaniu z podobnymi narzędziami z PCD i zwykłego węglika wolframu. Wyniki badań materiałów DEC spiekanych przez GeniCore potwierdziły dobre perspektywy rynkowe dla tych materiałów do zastosowań w cięciu i górnictwie.

EN

The paper presents the application of the pulse plasma consolidation (PPC) method in the field of diamond composites sintered under conditions of thermodynamic instability of diamond for the manufacture of tools intended for the cutting of different stones. Diamond enhanced carbides (DEC) are a composite material containing 30 vol of diamond particles and were produced using a mixture of submicron WC6Co (wt ). Due to PPC sintering conditions, dense sinters with a strong bond between the diamond particles and the sintered carbide matrix were obtained. The values of the specific cutting energy and the apparent friction coefficient of DEC cutter were investigated in comparison with the similar devices from PCD and ordinary tungsten carbide. DEC materials sintered in GeniCore confirmed the good market prospects for these materials in both cutting and mining applications.

10

DEC – diamond enhanced carbides: a new super-hard material with enhanced wear resistance

Tsybulia Iurii, Przygucki Hubert, Kasonde Maweja, Mątewski Damian

Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering

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2020

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R. 58, nr 4

59--64

EN

The paper presents the application of the pulse plasma consolidation (PPC) method in the field of diamond composites sintered under conditions of thermodynamic instability of diamond for the manufacture of tools intended for the cutting of different stones. Diamond enhanced carbides (DEC) are a composite material containing 30 vol of diamond particles and were produced using a mixture of submicron WC6Co (wt ). Due to PPC sintering conditions, dense sinters with a strong bond between the diamond particles and the sintered carbide matrix were obtained. The values of the specific cutting energy and the apparent friction coefficient of DEC cutter were investigated in comparison with the similar devices from PCD and ordinary tungsten carbide. DEC materials sintered in GeniCore confirmed the good market prospects for these materials in both cutting and mining applications.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie metody spiekania impulsowo-plazmowego (PPC) w dziedzinie spiekanych kompozytów diamentowych w warunkach termodynamicznej niestabilności diamentu do wytwarzania narzędzi przeznaczonych do cięcia i urabiania różnych kamieni. Węgliki wzmocnione diamentem (DEC – ang. Diamond Enchanced Carbide), w dalszej części tekstu nazywane skrótowo DEC, jako materiał kompozytowy zawierający 30 obj. cząstek diamentu wytworzono, stosując mieszaninę submikronową WC6Co [ wag.]. Dzięki warunkom spiekania PPC uzyskano spieki o wysokiej gęstości z silnym wiązaniem pomiędzy cząstkami diamentu a osnową węglika spiekanego. Badano wartości energii właściwej skrawania i współczynnika tarcia pozornego frezu DEC w porównaniu z podobnymi narzędziami z PCD i zwykłego węglika wolframu. Wyniki badań materiałów DEC spiekanych przez GeniCore potwierdziły dobre perspektywy rynkowe dla tych materiałów do zastosowań w cięciu i górnictwie.

11

Tool wear evaluation based on vibration analysis during milling of MMC using diamond coated end mills

Wiciak-Pikuła Martyna, Twardowski Paweł, Felusiak Agata, Orłowski Szymon

Mechanik

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2020

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R. 93, nr 1

35--37

EN

The aim of the research was to analyze the wear of the end mills based on the measurement of mechanical vibration accelerations. The VBB index was used as the tool wear criterion, which was measured until a specific maximum wear was obtained. The paper compares the tool wear values at different cutting speeds and determines the possibility of predicting the state of the tool wear based on the measurements of mechanical vibration accelerations.

PL

Celem badań była analiza zużycia frezów na podstawie pomiaru przyspieszeń drgań mechanicznych. Jako kryterium zużycia ostrza przyjęto wskaźnik VBB, który mierzono aż do momentu uzyskania określonego stępienia. W pracy porównano wartości zużycia przy różnych prędkościach skrawania oraz określono możliwość przewidywania stanu ostrza na podstawie pomiarów przyspieszeń drgań mechanicznych.

12

Effect of Boron and Tungsten Carbides on the Properties of TiC-Reinforced Tool Steel Matrix Composite Produced by Powder Metallurgy

Slokar Benić Ljerka, Šubić Jadranko, Erman Žiga

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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Vol. 65, iss. 2

539--547

EN

The influence of boron carbide and tungsten carbide on the apparent porosity, density, coercive force, hardness and micro-structure of metal matrix composite of the Ferro-TiC type, is presented in this paper. The samples of investigated steel/titanium carbide composite were produced by powder metallurgy process, i.e. by powders mixing and compacting followed by sintering in the vacuum furnace. According to the results, steel/titanium carbide composite materials with addition up to 11.9 vol.% of boron carbide are interesting to detailed investigation as well as materials having more than 17.2 vol.% of tungsten carbide because these compositions show significant changes in hardness and coercive force values.

13

Investigation of SiC Particle Size Variation on the Tribological Properties of Cu-6Sn-SiC Composite

Shankar K. V., Chandroth A. M., Ghosh K. J. A., Sudhin C. B., Pai A. S., Biju A., Sriram K. R.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, iss. 4

133--138

EN

Copper have always been an important material and incorporation of elements into copper for property enhancement. Bronze is a relevant cuprous alloy which is important for many industrial and automotive applications like bearings and machineries. The present research is directed towards the fabrication and tribological analysis of regular bronze (Cu-6Sn) and metal matrix composites reinforced with varying particle sized SiC ceramic reinforcement (30, 35 and 40 μm). The developed specimens were subjected to wear analysis according to ASTM standards, to identify the tribological properties utilizing a pin on disk tribometer. It was noted that the wear rates of developed MMC’s phenomenally decremented with an increase in size of SiC particle reinforcement. Also, the test parameters were influential in altering the wear rates to notable margins. The standard scanning electron microscopy techniques aided in identifying the influence of adhesive wear on the specimen surface.

14

Processing of Porous NiTi Preforms for NiTi/Mg Composites

Kucharczyk A., Naplocha K., Tomanik M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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Vol. 64, iss. 2

747--752

EN

NiTi alloys are successfully used in engineering and medical applications because of their properties, such as shape memory effect, superelasticity or mechanical strength. A composite with Mg matrix, due to its vibration damping properties, can be characterized by low weight and good vibration damping properties. In this study, a combination of two techniques was used for successful fabrication of Mg composite reinforced by NiTi alloy preform. The porous preforms synthesized by Self-propagating Hightemperature Synthesis (SHS) from elemental powders were subsequently infiltrated with Mg by squeeze casting. The effects were examined with scanning electron microscope with EDS detector, X-ray diffraction and microindentation. The inspection has shown well-connected matrix and reinforcement; no reaction at the interface and open porosities fully infiltrated by liquid Mg. Moreover, analysis of samples’ fracture has exhibited that crack propagates inside the Mg matrix and there is no detachment of reinforcement.

15

Investigations on microstructure, mechanical, and tribological behaviour of AA 7075–x wt.% TiC composites for aerospace applications

Ramkumar K. R., Sivasankaran S., Al-Mufadi F. A., Siddharth S., Raghu R.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 2

428--438

EN

This research work was dedicated to prepare AA 7075/(0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 wt.%) TiC metal matrix composites through stir casting route. The manufactured composites were effectively characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, and advanced electron microscopes. The mechanical properties by the flexural strength and hardness results had performed and investigated elaborately. Further, the tribological properties in terms of the wear resistance and the coefficient of friction was also done and demonstrated clearly. The dispersion of TiC ceramic particles and its embedding over the ductile Al 7075 matrix was successfully obtained which exhibited excellent mechanical and surface behaviour with the function of TiC particles when compared to monolithic Al 7075 alloy. These results were due to the particulate strengthening of hard TiC ceramic particle over the soft ductile phase. In addition, X-ray diffraction results ensured the manufacturing of Al 7075-x wt.% TiC metal matrix composites successfully and no other inter-metallic phases were observed.

16

The Effect of the Addition of Zeolite Particles on the Performance Characteristics of Sintered Copper Matrix Composites

Kargul M., Borowiecka-Jamrozek J., Konieczny M.

Tribologia

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2018

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nr 6

51--62

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the possibilities of producing and using copper–zeolite composites obtained by powder metallurgy. The zeolite powder (0.0–0.2 mm fraction) used in the experiments was ground tuff rock extracted from the Kucin Quarry (VSK PRO-ZEO s.r.o.) in Slovakia. The as-delivered material was imaged and analysed using the SEM/EDS and XRD techniques. Before the sintering process, one-sided pressing was applied to the hydraulic press at a pressure of 620 MPa. The sintering process was carried out in a laboratory tube furnace at 900°C in an atmosphere of dissociated ammonia. The sintering time was 60 minutes. The resulting agglomerates were subjected to the following tests: measurements of density, hardness, electrical conductivity, and abrasion resistance. Observations of the microstructure on metallographic specimens made from the sintered samples were also performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Zeolite was introduced into the copper matrix in the amounts of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% by weight. The introduction of zeolite particles into the matrix as the strengthening phase caused an increase in the hardness of sinters while lowering a density and electrical conductivity. The introduction of zeolite particles caused a decrease in abrasion resistance for a composite containing up to 7.5% zeolite. The increase in abrasion resistance was observed for the composite containing 10% zeolite particles.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad możliwościami wytwarzania i zastosowania kompozytu miedź– –zeolit otrzymanego za pomocą technologii metalurgii proszków. Proszek zeolitu (frakcja 0.0–0.2 mm) wykorzystany do badań pozyskano ze skały zwanej tufem zeolitowym, wydobywanej w kopalni Kucice, (VSK PRO-ZEO s.r.o.), Słowacja. Proszek zeolitu został poddany obserwacjom SEM/EDS oraz rentgenowskiej analizie fazowej XRD. Przed procesem spiekania zastosowano jednostronne prasowanie na prasie hydraulicznej przy ciśnieniu prasowania 620 MPa. Proces spiekania przeprowadzono w laboratoryjnym piecu rurowym w temp 900°C w atmosferze zdysocjowanego amoniaku. Czas spiekania wynosił 60 minut. Wytworzone spieki poddano następującym badaniom: pomiarowi gęstości, twardości, przewodności elektrycznej oraz odporności na zużycie ścierne. Przeprowadzono również obserwacje mikroskopowe zgładów metalograficznych wykonanych z badanych spieków z użyciem skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM). Zeolit wprowadzono do miedzianej osnowy w ilościach 2,5, 5, 7,5, 10% wagowych. Wprowadzenie do osnowy cząstek zeolitu jako fazy umacniającej spowodowało podwyższenie twardości spieków, natomiast obniżenie gęstości i przewodności elektrycznej. Wprowadzenie cząstek zeolitu w ilości do 7,5% spowodowało obniżenie odporności na zużycie ścierne. Wzrost odporności na zużycie ścierne zaobserwowano dla kompozytu zawierającego 10% zeolitu.

17

Production of Melt-Spun Al-20Si-5Fe Alloy and Boron Carbide (B4C) Composite Material

Kilicaslan M. F., Uzun A., Karakose E.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 2

597--600

EN

In this study, metal matrix composite materials containing melt-spun Al-20Si-5Fe alloys and boron carbide was produced by high energy ball milling and then hot pressing at 200 MPa pressure and 450°C. Mechanical and microstructural characterizations were performed by using an optical microscopy, X-Ray diffractometer, and dynamic microhardness tester. It was observed that boron carbide particles were homogenously distributed in the microstructure and values of microhardness and elastic modules were averagely 830 MPa and 42 GPa, respectively.

18

Diagnosis of edge condition based on force measurement during milling of composites

Felusiak A, Twardowski P.

Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 38

8--14

EN

The present paper presents comparative results of the forecasting of a cutting tool wear with the application of different methods of diagnostic deduction based on the measurement of cutting force components. The research was carried out during the milling of the Duralcan F3S.10S aluminum-ceramic composite. Prediction of the tool wear was based on one variable, two variables regression, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks. Forecasting the condition of the cutting tool on the basis of cutting forces has yielded very satisfactory results.

19

Comparison of various tool wear prediction methods during end milling of metal matrix composite

Wiciak M., Twardowski P., Wojciechowski S.

Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials

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2018

|

Vol. 38

1--7

EN

In this paper, the problem of tool wear prediction during milling of hard-to-cut metal matrix composite Duralcan™ was presented. The conducted research involved the measurements of acceleration of vibrations during milling with constant cutting conditions, and evaluation of the flank wear. Subsequently, the analysis of vibrations in time and frequency domain, as well as the correlation of the obtained measures with the tool wear values were conducted. The validation of tool wear diagnosis in relation to selected diagnostic measures was carried out with the use of one variable and two variables regression models, as well as with the application of artificial neural networks (ANN). The comparative analysis of the obtained results enabled the selection of the most effective tool wear prediction method.

20

Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites with SiC, Al2O3 and Graphene – Review

Aybarc U., Dispinar D., Seydibeyoglu M. O.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 2

5--10

EN

Light weight, low density with high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, aluminum is the most important material and is commonly used for high performance applications such as aerospace, military and especially automotive industries. The researchers who participate in these industries are working hard to further decrease the weight of end products according to legal boundaries of greenhouse gases. A lot of research was undertaken to produce thin sectioned aluminum parts with improved mechanical properties. Several alloying element addition were investigated. Yet, nowadays aluminum has not met these expectations. Thus, composite materials, particularly metal matrix composites, have taken aluminum’s place due to the enhancement of mechanical properties of aluminum alloys by reinforcements. This paper deals with the overview of the reinforcements such as SiC, Al2O3 and graphene. Graphene has recently attracted many researcher due to its superior elastic modulus, high fatigue strength and low density. It is foreseen and predicted that graphene will replace and outperform carbon nanotubes (CNT) in near future.