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1

Mechanism of Ca2+/Fe3+-based synergistic activation of quartz

Liu Rongxiang, Yang Zhanfeng, Li Jie, Li Qiang, Wang Zhenjiang, Luo Xiaofeng

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 1

art. no. 162262

EN

Although the flotation behaviors of iron concentrate and quartz are significantly different, quartz is the primary factor that affects the quality of iron concentrate. The flotation mechanism of quartz in the presence of mixed cationic Ca2+/Fe3+-co-activated SDS catcher was studied by conducting flotation tests with pure quartz mineral. The solution chemical calculation method, zeta potential calculation method, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique, and other techniques were used to conduct the studies. The results showed that the maximum Ca2+/Fe3+-based synergistic activation of the flotation recovery process could be achieved in a certain range of pH values when three different activators were added sequentially. Analysis of the zeta potential values revealed that the Ca2+/Fe3+-activated quartz surface improved the extent of positive electricity generated and enhanced the SDS adsorption ability of the quartz surface. Results obtained using the FT-IR technique revealed that Ca2+/Fe3+ exerted a synergistic effect, and the adsorption process exploited the single oxygen bond interactions in the monovalent hydroxyl complex Ca(OH)+ and the double oxygen bond interactions in the Fe(OH)3 precipitates. Results obtained using the XPS technique revealed that the synergistic effect exerted by Ca2+/Fe3+ was significantly stronger than that exerted by Ca2+ or Fe3+ alone. The stable Fe-based six-membered chelate ring was formed on the surface of quartz when Fe3+ was the activator, and the chain-like Ca-based complex was formed when Ca2+ was the activator. The adsorption process on the surface of quartz proceeded following chemical as well as physical adsorption pathways. The results revealed that Ca(OH)+ and Fe(OH)3 played prominent roles during the activation of quartz surfaces in the presence of Ca2+/Fe3+.

2

Rola metali w rozwoju choroby Alzheimera i Parkinsona

Żygowska Justyna, Szymańska Aneta

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 1-2

1--25

EN

Neurodegenerative diseases are the consequence of progressive brain degeneration caused by the death of nerve cells. Many factors that influence the neurodegeneration development are still not fully known. A lot of studies indicate the contribution of metal ions in this process. Copper, zinc, and iron are trace elements essential for proper functioning of the body. They are part of many enzymes participating in the transmission of the nerve signals, electrons transport, neurotransmitters and nucleic acids synthesis, and oxygen storage. Disorder of metals homeostasis leads to the development of severe diseases and nervous system degenerations. An excess of copper and iron ions causes a significant increase in cellular oxidative stress. Metals catalyze the reactions of free radicals formation that destroy proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. High concentration of copper and iron ions were found in the deposits of amyloidogenic proteins. Amyloid β (Alzheimer disease) and α synuclein (Parkinson disease) have ions binding chain structures. The metal-protein interaction increases oligomerization speed in vitro. A lot of evidence suggests that the disorder of Cu, Zn and Fe homeostasis accelerates the progress of brain neurodegeneration. Human organism contains many metals, which are not needed for the proper functioning of the body, e.g. aluminum. Al binds to nucleic acids causing an increase in cellular oxidative stress and initiating proteins oligomerization. The presence of aluminum is also considered to be disadvantageous for the nervous system. The lack of medicines for neurodegenerative diseases forces us to search for new therapies. The development of degenerations could be slowed down by chelators of toxic metals, but first, these diseases must be better understood. Adverse effects of high concentration of metal ions on brain functioning are not fully known. This knowledge is necessary to find effective drugs.

3

Influence and mechanism of Zn2+ on fluorite/calcite in sodium hexametaphosphate flotation system

Ruitao Liu, Dan Liu, Ruofan Sun, Daqian Wang, Wenkang Zhang, Yuebing Liu, Shuming Wen

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 6

art. no. 151676

EN

Fluorite and calcite have similar surface properties and natural floatability, so their flotation separation has always been a problem faced by the beneficiation industry. The key to flotation separation is the choice of depressants. Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) has a good effect on fluorite calcite selective inhibition. In this paper, the effects of Zn2+ on the selective inhibition of SHMP in the flotation process of fluorite and calcite were studied through single mineral and artificial mixed mineral flotation experiments. Solution chemical calculation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analyses investigated the mechanism of action of Zn2+, which had the most significant negative effect on the selective inhibition of SHMP. The results show that the main components of SHMP inhibiting minerals are HPO42- and H2PO4-, which can react with Ca active sites on the mineral surface to form hydrophilic Ca(H22PO4)2 and CaHPO4, while Zn2+ The presence of HPO42- in solution resulted in the formation of stable ZnHPO4 complexes, thereby weakening the inhibitory effect of SHMP on minerals.

4

Kierunki rozwoju polimerów z odwzorowanymi jonami

Zambrzycka-Szelewa Elżbieta, Zabielska Magda, Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz Beata

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2022

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nr 2

52--56

PL

W ostatnim 20-leciu polimery IIP były tematem intensywnych badań, których wynikiem oprócz poprawy selektywności i rozwoju nowych metod syntezy tych materiałów jest opracowanie polimerów zdolnych do jednoczesnego wydzielania dwóch (DIIP) oraz kilku jonów (MIIP).

5

Właściwości koordynacyjne wybranych cyklicznych hormonów peptydowych oraz ich pochodnych

Witak Weronika, Marciniak Aleksandra

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2021

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[Z] 75, 5-6

799--821

EN

Hormones are a heterogeneous, significant compounds, responsible for proper functioning of living organisms, produced by specialized cells, tissues and glands. Theirs main role is signals transmission to target tissues, responsible for the right working of the whole organism. Dysfunctions of the hormones homeostasis balance lead to disease states [1-3]. Recently, scientists have paid attention to role of the metal ions in the proper synthesis of these compounds and functioning of human body [4]. More and more scientific works explain the complicated roles of metals as beneficial factors that stimulate the conformation of peptides. Metal ions are responsible for biological properties and influence of hormones binding to appropriate receptors, but also adverse factors [4,5]. The search for an answer to the question about the metal - hormone relationship has led to the development of a new, interdisciplinary studies: metalloendocrinology, linking inorganic chemistry with endocrinology [4]. In this work, we present the literature data that relate to metal - peptide hormone interactions. We focused on cyclic hormones with a disulfide bridge and their analogues. In our review we have focused on selected natural cyclic peptide hormones: oxytocin, vasopressin, somatostatin, hepcidin and amylin. The studies on the coordination abilities showed that transition metal ions, such as copper(II), zinc(II) or nickel(II), form stable complexes with described peptides. Metal ions actively participate in many phenomena. They have played role in the formation of amylin aggregates in patients with type 2 diabetes [6]. The high ability to copper(II) by hepcidin may have an effect on its homeostasis [7]. Stable complexes of oxytocin and vasopressin facilitate binding with appropriate receptors for these peptides [8].

6

Hybrydowe nanokompozyty typu metal-białko serwatkowe

Rodzik Agnieszka, Pomastowski Paweł, Railean-Plugaru Viorica, Buszewski Bogusław

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2021

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nr 2

4--12

PL

Obok całej gamy związków nieorganicznych i organicznych ważną i interesującą grupę związków biologicznie aktywnych stanowią białka serwatkowe. Mają one zdolność do oddziaływania z jonami metali. Aby zrozumieć zjawiska oddziaływań metal-białko, ważne jest opracowanie i wdrożenie nowych, innowacyjnych metod analitycznych, połączonych z badaniami zmian aktywności biologicznej oraz analizą wpływu tych oddziaływań.

7

The mechanical aspect of titanium ion release after posterior instrumentation for early onset scoliosis

Danielewicz Anna, Fatyga Marek, Wójciak-Kosior Magdalena, Sawicki Jan, Różańska-Boczula Monika, Sowa Ireneusz, Latalski Michał

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 6

1442--1449

EN

Surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is connected with the risk of early and late complications. The aim of the study is to assess influence of the rod fracture on the titanium ion release (TIR) in traditional growing rods instrumentation for EOS.56 patients treated surgically due to EOS were divided into three groups: 1) a control-patients newly operated due to scoliosis, patients treated with the traditional growing rod (TGR) and TGR who had rod fracture (FGR) and required a surgical revision. Titanium quantification in blood sample, skin fragment (CT –clean tissue) andmacrosco-pically contaminated tissue located near the implant (DT –dirty tissue) was performed using high-resolution emission spectrometry with excitation in inductively coupled plasma.The mean serum titanium level in control, TGR, and FGR groups were 1.93 ± 0.8, 5.61 ± 0.23, and 4.43 ± 0.1 μg/dm3, respectively. The mean CT titanium level in control, TGR, and FGR groups were 0.0045 ± 0.001, 0.0035 ± 0.001and 0.0065 ± 6.8 mg/g, respectively. The mean DT titanium level in TGR and FGR groups was 0.59 ± 0.02, and 1.022 ± 0.03 mg/g, respectively.Implant leadsto the TIR into tissues and blood. Increasing the number of anchors increases the titanium content inthe CT TGR group. Mechanical damage to the implant has no significant effect on the increase of TIR

8

Non-Ferrous Metal Sorbents Based on Waste and Side Products of Mineral Benefication Plants

Minenko Vladimir, Denisova Julia, Samusev Andrey, Makarov Dmitry

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2019

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R. 21, nr 1

99--104

EN

The saponite-containing product from the stage of process water clearing at benefication plant of the PAO Severalmaz was thickened using the electrochemical separation for use as sorbent of nickel and copper ions. The product features a high sorption capacity relatively the nickel and copper ions. It has been established that the sorption capacity can be enhanced by roasting the product at 750°С to 194 and 212 mg/g for the nickel and copper ions respectively. An organomineral sorbent for nickel ions based on copper-nickel ore tailings of the JSC „The Kolskaya Mining and Metallurgical Company”, thermally activated at 700ºС, has been synthesized. The surface modification was performed by using the non-covalent immobilization of dimethylglyoxime.

PL

Produkt zawierający saponit z etapu oczyszczania wody technologicznej w zakładzie wzbogacania PAO Severalmaz został zagęszczony przy użyciu rozdzielania elektrochemicznego w celu zastosowania jako sorbent jonów niklu i miedzi. Produkt cechuje się dużą pojemnością sorpcyjną, w stosunku do jonów niklu i miedzi. Ustalono, że pojemność sorpcyjna może być zwiększona przez prażenie produktu w temperaturze 750°C do 194 i 212 mg/g odpowiednio dla jonów niklu i miedzi. Zsyntetyzowano organo-mineralny sorbent dla jonów niklu oparty na odpadach z wzbogacania rud miedzi i niklu JSC „The Kolskaya Mining and Metalurgical Company”, aktywowany termicznie w 700ºС. Modyfikację powierzchni przeprowadzono stosując niekowalencyjną immobilizację dimetyloglioksymem.

9

Removal of zinc, cadmium and nickel from mining waste leachate using walnut shells

Ayala Julia, Fernandez Begona

Environment Protection Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 45, nr 2

141--158

EN

The removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using walnut shells was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent concentration, and co-ions were studied in synthetic solutions. Metal uptake was found to be dependent on the initial pH of the solution; the removal rate increased upon increasing pH, showing the highest affinity at pH 5–7. The amount of metal removed improved with increasing initial concentration. Increasing adsorbent dosage enhanced removal efficiency, but reduced the amount absorbed per unit mass of walnut shells. The presence of co-ions suppressed the uptake of heavy metals, divalent ions having a more negative effect than monovalentions. The adsorption of Zn, Cd and Ni onto walnut shells was found to fit Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results obtained in the tests with mining waste leachate showed the potential use of walnut shells for the removal of heavy metals.

10

Regulacja aktywności katalitycznej rybozymów HDV oraz deoksyrybozymów za pomocą antybiotyków i jonów metali

Wrzesinski J., Ciesiołka J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2018

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[Z] 72, 7-8

397--415

EN

This review article describes the results of a 15-year cooperation between the Department of RNA Biochemistry at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences in Poznań and the Medical Chemistry Team of the Faculty of Chemistry at the University of Wrocław, headed by Professor Małgorzata Jeżowska- -Bojczuk. A wide spectrum of antibiotics and other low molecular compounds and their complexes with Cu2+ ions have been tested as potential inhibitors of the HDV ribozyme catalytic reaction. Unexpectedly, it has been found that a number of compounds, depending on the conditions, exhibit inhibitory or stimulatory properties, i.e. they act as modulators of the RNA catalysis process. It was found that the effect of stimulation / inhibition of the catalytic activity of the HDV ribozyme is closely related to the degree of protonation of the antibiotics under study in given conditions. Their ability to inhibit catalysis also increases after binding the Cu2+ cation. In an environment with a higher pH, antibiotics usually stimulate the cleavage reaction, as at least some of their nitrogen centers are allowed to participate in the catalysis reaction, as proton acceptors / donors or a catalytic metal ion coordination site. During the study of one of the antibiotics, bacitracin, it was also observed that it exhibits nucleolytic properties with RNA and DNA molecules. The discovery of the hydrolytic properties of bacitracin extended the potential use of this antibiotic in antiviral therapy with the aim to destroy undesired nucleic acids in the cell. To search for DNAzymes catalyzing RNA hydrolysis, the in vitro selection method was used. In the selection experiment aimed at obtaining DNAzymes active in the presence of Cd2+ ions, variants belonging to the family of DNAzymes 8–17 previously described in the literature were obtained. Analysis of their properties showed that not only Cd2+ but also Zn2+ and Mn2+ ions support catalysis, therefore the site of catalytic metal ion coordination is not highly specific. The DNAzymes obtained in the second selection experiment showed an optimum of catalytic activity in the pH range of 4.0–4.5 and were inactive at a pH higher than 5.0. Interestingly, they do not require the presence of any divalent metal ions as cofactors in the catalysis reaction. The obtained results broaden the repertoire of DNAzymes which operate under non-physiological conditions and bring new information on the possible mechanisms of reactions catalyzed by nucleic acids.

11

Metalotioneiny i motywy policysteinylowe : oddziaływanie z jonami metali

Krzywoszyńska K., Kozłowski H.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2018

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[Z] 72, 7-8

383--395

EN

Many of biochemical paths and processes require some metal ions to occur. There are also known the negative effects of the presence of metal ions in the organism. The both sides of metal ions interactions on the living organism require specific regulations and cannot be left without supervision and control of the organism itself. One of the strategy to keep the control on metal ions are cystein-rich proteins that play crucial role in detoxication of metal ions that are dangerous for human organism as well as they help to maintain homeostasis of essential metal ions. Matallothioneins are one of the well known, but still not fully understood, cysteine- rich proteins. They are small proteins but may contain up to 30% of cysteine residues in the sequence, and what makes them very special from chemical point of view - all of the thiols present there are reduced [1]. This property makes these proteins very tempting for coordination of various metal ions. The most efficient binding to metallothionein is observed for the ions belonging to a Group 11 and 12. Cu+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ represent these metal ions [2]. Besides of the lack of disulfide bridges, metallothioneins show also the absence or low amount of aromatic amino acid residues in the sequence [1]. Studies of the metallothioneins and their isoforms among different organisms show that the position of cysteine residues is very conservative [3]. Considering this aspect of metallothionein structure, some specific motifs of cysteine residues arrangement can be found in the sequence of these proteins. Most of the common polythiol motifs are CXC, CXXC, CXXXC, CC – where C is a cysteine residue and X is random α-amino acid residue (other than cysteine) [3–5]. The influence of the cysteine residues organization on the specificity of metal ions binding was intensively studied. The differences observed for specificity of metal ions binding by metallothioneins and selected polythiol motifs are reviewed in this paper – with strong emphasis on the effect of the cysteine residues topography.

12

Ocena przydatności wybranych sorbentów do usuwania jonów Co2+ z roztworów wodnych

Bożęcka A., Surdek A., Bożęcki P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 9

1565--1568

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań usuwania jonów Co2+ z roztworów wodnych za pomocą węgla aktywnego Norit SX2, zmielonych łusek ryżu oraz żywicy jonowymiennej C-160. Proces sorpcji opisano za pomocą modelu Langmuira. Największym powinowactwem do jonów Co2+ charakteryzował się jonit C-160. Wykazano, że łuska ryżowa i węgiel aktywny są skutecznymi sorbentami tylko w roztworach rozcieńczonych. Morfologię powierzchni sorbentów badano za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego.

EN

Activated C, com. ion exchange resin and shredded rice husks (grain size ≤ 150 μm) were used as sorbents (2 g to 200 mL of CoSO4·7H2O soln. with concns. 10-10 000 mg/L). The contact time of each sorbent with adsorbate soln. was 60 min. Concns. of Co2+ ions in adsorbate soln. were detd. using visible and near-ultraviolet light spectroscopy. The sorption was described by the Langmuir model. The tested materials were effective sorbents only in dild. solns., and a sorption capacity depended on the pH of the solns. In addn., the surface morphol. of the sorbents was examd. by scanning electron microscopy.

13

Badanie transportu jonów metali w wybranych układach separacyjnych

Rzelewska-Piekut M., Janiszewska M., Staszak K., Regel-Rosocka M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 12

2045--2049

PL

Przedstawiono ługowanie, ekstrakcję ciecz-ciecz i ultrafiltrację micelarną jako skuteczne sposoby wydzielania takich pożądanych jonów metali, jak platynowce i kobalt z odpadowych katalizatorów samochodowych i z roztworów wodnych.

EN

Pulverized spent automobile catalyst was leached with acidic solns. (optionally with H₂O₂). The leachates were liq.-liq. extd. with com. org. phase-contg. complexants to remove Fe(III), Mg(II) and Zn(II) ions and to sep. them from Pt group ions present in the raffinate. Co(II) ions were also recovered by using a com. complexant. The ultrafiltration in presence of surface active agents resulted in sepn. of Co(II) ions from Zn(II) ions.

14

Możliwości sorpcyjne biowęgla w usuwaniu zanieczyszczeń ze środowiska wodnego

Ślęzak Ewelina, Poluszyńska Joanna

Prace Instytutu Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych

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2018

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R. 11, nr 33

62--72

PL

Biowęgiel jest materiałem, który zyskuje coraz większą uwagę jako opłacalny sorbent do oczyszczania roztworów wodnych z toksycznych dla środowiska jonów metali ciężkich (As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn i Cd). Brakuje jednak informacji na temat mechanizmów sorpcji dla różnych jonów metali. Niniejsze opracowanie prezentuje kluczowe czynniki oraz proponowane mechanizmy adsorpcji w celu wyjaśnienia zachowania adsorpcyjnego biowęgla. Artykuł podsumowuje charakterystyczne właściwości biowęgla (np. pole powierzchni, porowatość, pH, ładunek powierzchniowy, grupy funkcyjne i składniki mineralne) oraz główne mechanizmy regulujące sorpcję. Własności biowęgla różnią się znacznie między sobą w zależności od rodzaju materiału wsadowego oraz zastosowanej temperatury pirolizy. W wyższej temperaturze wytwarzany jest biowęgiel o większej powierzchni, porowatości, pH i zawartości minerałów, ale o mniejszej liczbie grup funkcyjnych. W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano biowęgiel jako materiał wykazujący duży potencjał skutecznego zwalczania zanieczyszczeń ze środowiska wodnego, biorąc pod uwagę szeroką dostępność surowca, korzystne fizyczne i chemiczne właściwości powierzchni.

EN

The biochar is a material which gaining more attention as a effective sorbent for the purification toxic metals ions (As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd) from environmentally aqueous solutions. However, there is not so many information about sorption mechanisms of metals ions. In this paper presented factors and proposed mechanisms of adsorption to explain about behavior of adsorption by the biochar. The article summarized the characteristic of the biochar (eg. surface area, porosity, pH, surface charge, and functional groups minerals) and mechanism which that can be regulate sorption. Biochar has much different properties, which depending at the type of feed material and temperature of pyrolysis. In the higher temperatures we can produce biochar with larger surface area, porosity, pH and mineral content, but less functional groups. This paper present the biochar as a material which demonstrating a large potential for effective control by the pollution of aquatic environment, taking the wide availability of materials and favorable physical and chemical properties.

15

Surfactant-aided membrane process for copper ion removal from water solutions

Klimonda A., Kowalska I.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

|

Vol. 44, nr 1

141--152

EN

The usefulness of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) for copper ion removal was evaluated. The experiments were performed in a semi-pilot installation in a cross-flow regime with the use of ultrafiltration modules (5 kDa and 10 kDa). The first stage of the tests included copper ion removal in the classic UF process. During the next step, anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, SDBS) was added to the feed solution in a wide range of concentrations. The effect of copper and surfactant concentrations on separation efficiency and permeate flux was evaluated. It was found that MEUF enables high copper ion removal. Depending on surfactant concentration in the feed solution, the average copper concentration in the permeate was in the range from 0.02 to 0.08 mM (feed solution 0.79 mM). Surfactant rejection was strongly dependent on its concentration in the feed; the highest retention was obtained when surfactant was in the form of micelles, i.e., for concentrations exceeding the CMC.

16

Ag+/S2O8 2– system for the degradation of aqueous flutriafol

Yang H., Zhou W., Yang L., Deng J., Hu Q., Wei H., Au C., Yi B.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 2

57--72

EN

The degradation of flutriafol in aqueous persulfate (S2O82–) system in the presence of selected transition metal ions was investigated. In the presence of Ag+ or Fe2+, flutriafol degradation occurs, whereas in the presence of Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Bi3+ ions, the degradation is less than 15%. The Ag+/ S2O82– aqueous system being the most effective was adopted for experimental and theoretical investigations. It was confirmed that pH of 3.0 is the most suitable, and that both · SO4–and ·OH– radicals are the main active species to afford flutriafol degradation, with the former contributes more than the latter. To elucidate degradation mechanism, molecular orbital calculations were performed and reaction intermediates identified by GC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS analyses. Three degradation pathways are proposed that involve the cleavage of C–N and C–C bonds as a result of ·SO4– attack, as well as the formation of hydroxylated products due to · OH radicals.

17

Polihistydylowe sekwencje z motywem His-tag – ich rola i biologiczne znaczenie oddziaływania z jonami metali

Wątły J., Kozłowski H.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2016

|

[Z] 70, 11-12

1--24

EN

His-tags are specific sequences containing six to nine subsequent histydyl residues and they are used commercially in immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) as molecular ‘anchors’ that bind to a metal ion (usually nickel), immobilized by chelation with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) bound to a solid support [37, 38]. Consecutive histidines are the common denominator for both His-tags used in molecular biology and for quite remote biological phenomena – more than 2000 histidine- rich proteins (HRPs) are found in microorganisms including 60% and 82% of archaeal and bacterial species, respectively and their roles are not well characterized [73]. The physicochemical properties of histidine make it a versatile amino acid that influences protein conformation and enzymatic activity [15]. Many natural proteins with a His-tag domain are assigned to different functions, for example: most bacterial proteins, containing this motif are probably involved in the homeostasis of nickel ions [68, 76], while others, e.g. newly isolated peptides from the venom of the snake genus Atheris contain poly-histidyl-poly-glycyl sequences (pHpG) can act on the cardiovascular system by inhibiting snake venom metalloproteinases and affect its function by acting on specific receptors [58, 62]. His-rich motifs have been found also e.g. in Zn2+ transporters, prion proteins, His-rich glycoproteins, transcription factors or numerous copper-binding proteins [56, 67, 84]. Binding mode and the thermodynamic properties of the system depends on the specific metal ion and the histidine sequence. Despite the wide application of the His-tag for purification of proteins, little is known about the properties of metalbinding to such tag domain. Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown that metal ions, e.g. Cu2+ can bind to various sets of imidazoles depending on the number of histidine residues that are located in His-rich sequences. The occurrence of polymorphic binding states and the formation of an α-helical structure induced by metal ion coordination suggest that proteins with a His-tag domain may serve as the dynamic site able to ‘move’ metal ions along the tag sequence [99, 100]. This might explain the frequent occurrence of such sequences in bacterial Ni2+ chaperones, which transfer the metal ion between different proteins.

18

Accumulation of metal ions in selected plants from Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae families

Szczodrowska A., Kulbat K., Smolińska B., Leszczyńska J.

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2016

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Vol. 80, nr 1

29--42

EN

This paper examines the accumulation of metal ions from soil in selected edible plants belonging to the Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae families. The effect of metal ions on factors, such as growth and morphology are also investigated. The results indicate that the addition of selected metal ions to the soil significantly increases the concentration of metal ions in the plants. The application of zinc ions significantly enhances Zn uptake in Ocimum basilicum and Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae family). Nickel ions significantly increase Ni accumulation in Lepidium sativum (Brassiaceae family). The research shows that nickel, zinc and copper accumulate in leaves at different concentrations depending on the plant species.

19

The use of chitosan for removing selected pollutants from water and wastewater – short review

Barbusiński K., Salwiczek Sz., Paszewska A.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2016

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Vol. 9, no. 2

107--115

EN

Chitosan is a natural product derived from chitin, which is mostly found in exo-skeletons of shrimp, crab and lobster shells. This paper presents a short review of the literature regarding the use of chitosan and its modifications for removing selected pollutants from water and wastewater. In particular, the examples of removal of metal ions, dyes, anions and phenols were described. Furthermore, the possibility of the use of chitosan as a coagulant and flocculant in water and wastewater technologies are also shown. Based on the literature review described in this article it can be concluded that chitosan and especially its modifications is a very promising sorbent for removing a broad spectrum of pollutants from aqueous solutions. It also presents directions for further research in order to obtain a better knowledge of the practical applications of chitosan.

PL

Chitozan jest naturalnym produktem pochodzącym z chityny, która najczęściej występuje w egzo-szkieletach krewetek i krabów oraz w muszlach homarów. W publikacji dokonano krótkiego przeglądu literatury odnośnie zastosowań chitozanu i jego modyfikacji do usuwania wybranych zanieczyszczeń z wody i ścieków. W szczególności, opisano przykłady usuwania jonów metali, barwników, anionów i fenoli. Przedstawiono również możliwości zastosowania chitozanu jako koagulantu i flokulantu w technologii wody i ścieków. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury opisanego w tym artykule, można stwierdzić, że chitozan a zwłaszcza jego modyfikacje, jest bardzo obiecującym sorbentem do usuwania szerokiego spektrum zanieczyszczeń z roztworów wodnych. Przedstawiono również kierunki dalszych badań w celu uzyskania lepszej wiedzy dotyczącej praktycznych zastosowań chitozanu.

20

Studies on the production of glucose isomerase by Bacillus licheniformis

Nwokoro O.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2015

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Vol. 17, nr 3

84--88

EN

This work reports the effects of some culture conditions on the production of glucose isomerase by Bacillus licheniformis. The bacterium was selected based on the release of 3.62 mg/mL fructose from the fermentation of glucose. Enzyme was produced using a variety of carbon substrates but the highest enzyme activity was detected in a medium containing 0.5% xylose and 1% glycerol (specific activity = 6.88 U/mg protein). Media containing only xylose or glucose gave lower enzyme productivies (specific activities= 4.60 and 2.35 U/mg protein respectively). The effects of nitrogen substrates on glucose isomerase production showed that yeast extract supported maximum enzyme activity (specific activity = 5.24 U/mg protein). Lowest enzyme activity was observed with sodium trioxonitrate (specific activity = 2.44 U/mg protein). In general, organic nitrogen substrates supported higher enzyme productivity than inorganic nitrogen substrates. Best enzyme activity was observed in the presence of Mg2+ (specific activity = 6.85 U/mg protein) while Hg2+ was inhibitory (specific activity = 1.02 U/mg protein). The optimum pH for best enzyme activity was 6.0 while optimum temperature for enzyme production was 50oC.