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Bonding of graphite to Cu with metal multi‑foils

Cai Yuqi, Xu Biao, Ma Xinjian, Haider Julfikar, Mao Yangwu, Wang Shenggao

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2023

Vol. 23, no. 1

art. no. e58, 2023

Graphite/Cu bonding is essential for the fabrication of graphite-based plasma-facing parts and graphite-type commutators. Transient liquid phase bonding of graphite/Cu has been conducted separately with Ti/Cu/Ti and Ti/Cu/Ni/Ti multi-foils. The interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of the bonded joints have been characterized. For the joint with Ti/Cu/Ti multi-foils, complete melting of the Ti/Cu/Ti multi-foils and interdiffusion between the molten zone and the Cu substrate occur during the bonding process, leading to formation of Ti-Cu intermetallics in the bonding area. The liquid phase flowing toward the sidewall of the Cu substrate gives rise to a thickness of the bonding area far less than those of the as-received multi-foils. For the joint with Ti/Cu/Ni/Ti multi-foils, the bonding area can be divided into three parts (areas I, II and III). The bonding areas I and III comprise Ti-Cu intermetallics and Ti(CuxNi1-x)2, while the bonding area II consists of an Ni layer and two thin TiNi3 reaction layers. The thickness of the whole bonding area is similar to those of the as-received multi-foils, indicating that addition of Ni foil can prevent the loss of liquid phase zone by inhibiting the excessive liquid phase formation. The addition of a Ni foil in bonding of the graphite/Cu may alleviate the joint residual stress by its intermediate coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to accommodate any thermal mismatch in the joint and by its superior ductility and plasticity, thus resulting in shear strength promotion of the joint with the Ti/Cu/Ni/Ti multi-foils by approximately 35% when compared to the Ti/Cu/Ti multi-foils.

Monolithic catalysts on heat-resisting metal foil supports for a low-temperature water gas shift reaction

Kucharczyk B.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

1999

Vol. 43, nr 3-4

139-145

The performance of Cu- Zn -Al monolithic catalysts supported on heat-resisting metal foil was examined in the reaction of water and carbon monoxide (Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction). It was shown that the effectiveness of the catalysts strongly depends on the method of preparation. The conversion of CO over monolithic catalysts was compared with those in the presence of industrial granular catalyst (TMC-3). The most favourable reaction conditions for the monoliths were the temperature 200-:-220°C, a space velocity of 1500 h-1 and a steam/gas volumetric flow rate ratio of 1.5.

Saxas studies on porous materials.

Pająk L., Jarzębski A.B., Bierska B., Łągiewka E.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

1998

R. XIX, nr 4

1191-1194

The structure of most porous materials is quite complex. In the last two decades the characterisation of the structure of these materials made a milestone progress owing to the use of fractal geometry. At present it is generally accepted that the fractal models of pore structure describe the real structure better than the classical models which assume the existence of macro-, meso- and micropores of simple geometry. Pores are essential in materials applied as catalysts, filters, membranes, adsorbents. Thus the knowledge of the specific surface area, pore size and roughness of pore-solid interface is the prime importance. These parameters in the length scale 5-1000 angstrom can be estimated by the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method. The SAXS studies were performed on different porous silica materials, zirconia aerogels and metal foils electrodeposited in galvanostatic conditions. The fractal concept was applied to facilitate the interpretation of SAXS results.