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1

Diagnostic gold deportment studies and leaching behaviour of small-scale gold mining tailings from eastern region, Ghana

Quaicoe Ishmael, Beyuo Martin, Quaicoe Solomon, Lasidzi Nikao A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2023

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Vol. 22. iss. 2

81--88

EN

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector employs about 80% of the mining workforce but only contributes about 20-30% of Ghana's gold production. The low gold production is linked to low recoveries associated with the activities because of inadequate understanding of the chemical, mineralogical and metallurgical characteristics of the ores. This study examined the metallurgical characteristics of typical small-scale gold mining tailings to understand their grinding characteristics, gold deportment and cyanidation behaviour. The gold deportment results showed that 96.1% of the gold in the samples is free milling (can be leached directly with cyanide and recovered through carbon adsorption), whilst the remaining 3.9% of the gold in the samples is associated/locked up with other mineral phases (carbonates, sulphides, carbonaceous matter and quartz). The gold-by-size distribution also indicated that 73.1% of the gold is contained in coarser size fractions (+150 mm), 14.96% is from -150 mm to +75 mm size range, and 11.83% is contained in the finer size distribution (-75 mm). This suggests that incorporating a gravity recovery system during processing will be highly advantageous. The leaching kinetics results showed that gold recoveries achieved within 8, 16 and 24 h were 68, 73.8 and 76.4%, respectively. The corresponding total cyanide consumption rates after 8, 16 and 24 h of leaching were 550, 580 and 600 ppm, respectively. Generally, the gold recoveries and the cyanide consumption rates agree with industrial practices/results. Overall, the outcomes of the study support the view that some small-scale gold mining tailings are economically viable, and hence can be re-processed through efficient processes such as carbon-in-leach/carbon-in-pulp.

2

Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of the Morphology of Gold Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation in Aqueous Proteinogenic Amino Acid for the Detection of Mercury in Water

Carbajal-Morán Hipólito

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

169--175

EN

The objective of the research was to analyze by Raman spectroscopy the morphology of gold nanoparticles generated by laser ablation in L-Cysteine of purity ≥ 97% dissolved in ultrapure water for the detection by color change of mercury dissolved in water. Three samples of 10 ml of ultrapure water were prepared with aggregation of 10 ul of L-Cysteine with concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 mM; the generation of the gold nanoparticles was by laser ablation with a wavelength λ = 1064 nm, energy of 60.28 mJ/p located at 30 cm from the convex lens generating ablation at 10 cm on a gold plate of dimensions 10×15 mm with thickness of 1 mm, for 30 min. The gold nanoparticles generated in these aqueous environments were characterized by Raman spectroscopy using a laser with a sensitivity of 785 nm with Raman Shift analysis range 860–3200 cm-1 and controlled power at 499 mW. The nanoparticles presented maximum peak resonance around Raman Shift 1164.96 cm-1 and 1288.06 cm-1. With the AuNPs + L-Cysteine sample with concentration of 10 mM, the author proceeded to the detection of Hg2+ prepared in 20 μl of ultrapure water at concentrations of 0.1, 5 and 10 μM; when adding 100 μl of AuNPs + L-Cysteine two peak absorbance spectra were obtained with different amplitudes observed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, indicating that Hg2+ decreased the repulsion of the negatively charged AuNPs, generating the visible color change for the three concentrations of Hg2+ with 25 minutes of agitation, turning intense purple for 10 μM of Hg2+; enabling the detection of mercury in water.

3

Identification and Correlation Test of Mercury Levels in Community Urine at Traditional Gold Processing Locations

Lensoni, Adlim M., Kamil Hajjul, Karma Taufiq, Suhendrayatna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

357--365

EN

Gold processing activities in Paya Seumantok Village, Krueng Sabee District, Aceh Jaya Regency, are known to utilize traditional mercury, posing a health threat to the workers and the local community. This study aims to identify local people’s urinary mercury levels near the gold processing plant in Paya Seumantok Village and to see the relationship between mercury levels and disease symptoms exhibited by the local people. To this end, ninety-one participants were recruited from a total member of a population of 928 people, determined using Slovin’s formula. The urine sample was collected using a purposive sampling technique following the procedure set by the regulation of the Minister of Health no. 43/2013. AAS Instrument was used to analyze the urinary mercury level. Sixteen out of 91 urine samples exhibited no mercury, while the rest, 75 samples, were found to contain mercury. The average urinary mercury level among local people near the site was 8.392 μg/L (SD: 6.721 g/L), while the minimum and maximum urinary mercury levels in this study were 0.19 μg/L and. 28.31 μg/L, respectively. Thirty-six samples were found to have mercury levels exceeding the acceptable threshold (7 μg/L), while thirty-nine samples had urinary mercury levels below the threshold. This study concluded that there is no relationship between urinary mercury levels and symptoms of acute and chronic diseases experienced local community and workers at the gold processing site in Paya Seumantok Village, Krueng Sabee District, Aceh Jaya Regency (p > 0.05).

4

Statistical Analysis of Selected Coal Charateristics and Toxic Compounds for FGX Air-Vibrating Separation

Mijał Waldemar, Niedoba Tomasz, Polek Daria, Baic Ireneusz, Blaschke Wiesław

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

377--387

EN

Dry beneficiation methods were popular in the first part of the 20th century. In the 1930s, before World War II, dry separators were used more commonly in the United States. Currently, this method is very popular in China, the United States, India, Russia and other places where its implementation is possible. In Poland, by contrast, dry separation still remains uncommon. However, during the last 30 years, dry separators have started to be more commonly used in coal beneficiation. One example of this type of separator might be the FGX air-vibrating separator. This type of separator uses air suspension to separate heavier particles (tailings) from lighter coal grains. The process of dry separation may depend on various parameters, e.g. particle size fraction, air supply, feed parameters, etc.. This paper describes the mathematical model which shows the scope for using this separation method for coal beneficiation. Mathematical models are based on dependencies between calorific value and ash content in the samples tested as well as relations between arsenic, thallium, mercury, lead and other coal characteristics. The latter parameters are of vital importance as Polish emission standards do not have any limits for the elements mentioned above (arsenic, thallium, mercury and lead).

PL

Suche metody wzbogacania były popularne w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Separatory suche były używane zwłaszcza przed II Wojną Światową w latach 30-ych w USA. Obecnie, metoda ta jest bardzo popularna w Chinach, USA, Indiach, Rosji oraz w innych miejscach, gdzie możliwe jest jej zastosowanie. W Polsce proces ten jest wciąż bardzo mało popularny. Podczas ostatnich 30 lat systemy wzbogacania węgla zaczęły szerzej korzystać z separatorów suchych a przykładem bardzo popularnego urządzenia tego typu jest FGX – wibracyjny stół powietrzny. Ten typ separatora korzysta z zawiesiny powietrznej w celu wydzielenia cięższych ziaren (odpadów) od lżejszych ziaren węgla. Sucha separacja może zależeć od różnych parametrów, tj. klasa ziarnowa, zasoby powietrza, parametry nadawy itp. Artykuł ten opisuje model matematyczny, który pokazuje możliwości zastosowania tej metody separacji przy wzbogacaniu węgla. Modele matematyczne oparte były na zależnościach pomiędzy wartością opałową oraz zawartością popiołu w testowanych próbkach, jak również na relacjach pomiędzy zawartościami arsenu, talu, rtęci, ołowiu i innych charakterystyk węgla. Ostatnie parametry są bardzo ważne ponieważ polskie standardy emisji nie zawierają limitów dla pierwiastków wymienionych powyżej, a więc arsenu, talu, rtęci oraz ołowiu.

5

Assessment of the stability of mercury concentrations in municipal waste using data science tools

Jędrusiak Radosław, Chuchro Monika, Bielowicz Barbara, Gielar Agnieszka

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 1

71--83

EN

Mercury and its compounds are among the most dangerous and toxic substances in the environment. As part of the study, several exploratory analyses and statistical tests were conducted to demonstrate how low and stable mercury content is in municipal waste. A statistical analysis of the mercury content in waste (waste codes 19 12 12 and 20 03 01) was carried out using advanced IT tools. Based on 32 results for each waste, the maximum mercury concentration was 0.062 mg/kg dry weight (EWC code 19 12 12) and 0.052 mg/kg dry weight (EWC code 20 03 01). The analysis, data inference, and modeling were performed according to the CRISP-dm methodology. The results obtained were compared with the maximum allowable mercury concentrations for agricultural soils (2 mg/kg dry weight) and the provisions of the Minamata Convention (1 mg/kg). The average, median, and maximum observed mercury concentrations in waste are significantly lower than the assumed levels of 2 mg/kg (permissible concentrations for II-1 soils) and 1 mg/kg (Minamata Convention). The stability of mercury content in waste was examined. Descriptive statistics, statistical tests, and regression modeling were used. The tests and analyses performed showed an insignificant variation in the mercury content of the wastes with codes 19 12 12 and 20 03 01. No trend or seasonality was observed. The analyses and tests performed confirmed that the data are stable, and the values are low.

6

Mercury capture in process gases and its mechanisms in different industries: theoretical and practical aspects, including the influence of sulfur compounds on mercury removal

Deng Yinyou, Macherzyński Mariusz

Chemical and Process Engineering : New Frontiers

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2023

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Vol. 44, nr 1

art. no. e5

EN

The mathematical approach to SOFC modelling helps to reduce dependence on the experimental approach. In the current study, six different diffusion mass transfer models were compared to more accurately predict the process behavior of fuel and product diffusion for SOFC anode. The prediction accuracy of the models was extensively studied over a range of parameters. New models were included as compared to previous studies. The Knudsen diffusion phenomenon was considered in all the models. The stoichiometric flux ratio approach was used. All the models were validated against experimental data for a binary (CO-CO2) and a ternary fuel system (H2-15 H2O-Ar). For ternary system, the pressure gradient is important for pore radius below 0.6 μm and current density above 0.5 A/cm2. For binary system, the pressure gradient may be ignored. The analysis indicates that the MBFM is identified to be the best performing and versatile model under critical SOFC operating conditions such as fuel composition and cell temperature. The diffusive slip phenomenon included in MBFM is useful in SOFC operating conditions when fuel contains heavy molecules. The DGMFM is a good approximation of DGM for the binary system.

7

Rtęć w odpadach wydobywczych i możliwości ich zagospodarowania w wyrobiskach odkrywkowych województwa śląskiego

Klojzy-Karczmarczyk Beata, Mazurek Janusz, Staszczak Jarosław

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

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2022

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nr 110

129--141

PL

Wypełnianie wyrobisk odkrywkowych odpadami wydobywczymi jest możliwe w procesie rekultywacji technicznej, ale wymaga szczegółowego rozpoznania warunków środowiskowych. Zastosowanie różnego rodzaju odpadów do wypełniania wyrobisk jest zagadnieniem złożonym w zakresie jakości materiału odpadowego oraz w zakresie określenia lokalizacji miejsc przeznaczonych do takiego zagospodarowania odpadów. Istotne jest rozpoznanie lokalizacji czynnych wyrobisk odkrywkowych na tle granic głównych zbiorników wód podziemnych (GZWP) oraz w pobliżu cieków wodnych. Analizie poddano wyrobiska, w których eksploatowane są surowce węglanowe oraz wyrobiska piasków i żwirów. Analizy zostały wykonane w różnych latach aktywności wyrobisk ((Klojzy-Karczmarczyk i in. 2016a; Klojzy-Karczmarczyk i Staszczak 2017, 2019; Staszczak 2020). W grupie surowców węglanowych (kamienie łamane i bloczne), poza granicami GZWP oraz w odległości ponad 500 metrów od cieków powierzchniowych zlokalizowane są zaledwie 3 obiekty. W grupie piasków i żwirów, poza granicami GZWP oraz w odległości ponad 500 od cieków powierzchniowych znajduje się 19 obiektów. Zestawiono zawartość całkowitą rtęci oraz wielkość jej wymywania. Podano udział formy wymywalnej w całkowitej zawartości pierwiastka. Badania prowadzono w różnych warunkach pH środowiska. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie badań z lat 2014–2021 (Klojzy-Karczmarczyk i Mazurek 2014, 2019a, b, 2021). Odpady wydobywcze typu skała płonna (kruszywa) charakteryzują się wyższą zawartością rtęci całkowitej we frakcji najdrobniejszej i niższą we frakcjach grubszych. Udział formy wymywalnej rtęci w kruszywach jest na średnim poziomie 1,3–2,0%. Średni udział formy wymywalnej w mułach węglowych jest na poziomie 1,8%. Przy obniżaniu pH środowiska, udział ten wzrasta w każdym przypadku. Wyraźny wzrost wymywalności obserwuje się ponadto w odpadach zwietrzałych. Ze względu na jakość materiału odpadowego, badania odpadów wydobywczych wykazały możliwość ich zastosowania do celów rekultywacji.

EN

The open-cast workings filling with extractive waste is possible in the process of technical reclamation, but it requires a detailed recognition of environmental conditions. The use of various types of waste to fill the workings is a complex issue, in the field of the waste material quality and in the field of determining locations assigned for such waste management. It is important to recognise the location of active opencast mines against a background of main groundwater basins (MGB) and close to watercourses. The workings, left after extraction of carbonate raw materials, as well as sands and gravels, were analysed. The analysis were performed in different years of the open pits activity (Klojzy-Karczmarczyk et al. 2016a; Klojzy-Karczmarczyk and Staszczak 2017, 2019; Staszczak 2020). In the carbonate raw materials group (crushed and block stone) only 3 facilities are situated outside the MGB area and at a distance of more than 500 m from surface watercourses. In the sands and gravels group only 19 facilities are situated outside the MGB area and at a distance of more than 500 m from surface watercourses. Total mercury content and the amount of its leaching was compiled. The percentage of leachable form in the total content of the element was studied. The studies were carried out under various pH conditions of the environment. The analysis was based on the studies from 2014–2021 (Klojzy-Karczmarczyk and Mazurek 2014, 2019a, b, 2021). The extractive waste of the barren rock type (aggregate) features a higher content of total mercury in the finest fraction and a lower in coarser fractions. The share of mercury leachable form on average is 1.3–2.0%. The share of mercury leachable from coal sludge is approx. 1.8%. At pH reduction this share increases in each case. A clear increase in leachability is observed in the weathered waste. Because of the waste material quality, the studies on extractive waste have shown a possibility to use it for reclamation.

8

Distribution of Mercury in Soil, Water, and Vegetable Fern in a Former Gold Mining Area – Evidence from Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Nisah Khairun, Muslem Muslem, Ashari Tengku Muhammad, Afkar Majral, Iqhrammullah Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

30--39

EN

The mercury contamination associated with the former intense illegal gold mining activities is suspected in the watershed of Krueng Cot Satu, Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mercury contamination residue in the water, soil, and vegetable fern (Pityrogramma calometanos (L)) The samples were collected from locations in the already closed artisanal gold mining sites. The sampling locations were purposively determined by considering their closeness to the previous gold mining activities sites. The content of mercury was analyzed using flow injection for atomic spectroscopy – atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method used was validated by linearity, Limit of Detection (LoD), Limit of Quantification (LoQ), Relative Standard Deviation (RSD), and recovery. The validation test showed that this method is well linear, sensitive, accurate, and precise with a correlation coefficient, LoD, LoQ, RSD and recovery of 0.9999, 0.0477 μg/L, 0.1447 μg/L, 2.96% and 95–105%, respectively. Herein, it was found that the concentrations of mercury contents in the water samples were below the detectable range. However, a high range of mercury concentration of 0.236 – 0.328 μg/g was found in soil, with the highest concentration obtained in the sample collected from the riverbank. The fern sample collected near the riverbank contained mercury in all its parts and concentrated in the root (0.408 μg/g in the leaves, 0.276 μg/g – stalks, and 9.994 μg/g – roots). Meanwhile, the absence of mercury contamination was obtained in the leaves and stalks of the fern samples collected far from the riverbank. The roots, however, were detected with mercury contamination with the highest concentration reaching 27.660 μg/g. Despite its disappearance in the water, mercury contamination residue from the former artisanal gold mining activities still could be traced in the soil and heavy metal accumulating plant – P. calometanos (L).

9

Adsorption of Mercury and Zinc in Agricultural Soils by Sphagneticola trilobata

Aveiga Ana, Pinargote Cruz, Peñarrieta Fabián, Teca Jorge, Alcántara Francisco

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

230--235

EN

Given the imminent deterioration of environmental quality, the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soil is one of the main concerns worldwide. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the adsorption potential of mercury and zinc by Sphagneticola trilobata. After 60 days, the distribution of heavy metals in the roots and the leaves of the plants was determined. As a result, the plant adsorbed mercury between 43.49 and 59.22%, and zinc between 32.68 and 64.37%. According to the bioconcentration and translocation factors of Sphagneticola trilobata obtained in the present work, the phytostabilizing capacity of mercury and zinc is like Eichhornia crassipes and Sorghum bicolor.

10

The environmental fate of metals from zinc and lead mining area in surface water (Przemsza River, southern Poland)

Pierri Dorota, Rutkowski Marcin

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 4

353--366

EN

The chemical composition of surface waters of the Przemsza River flowing through Upper Silesia (in southern Poland) is strongly affected by Zn and Pb ore, and less by Carboniferous hard coal deposits. The chemical type of surface water is Ca-HCO3. In the waters, three groups of metals and metalloids were found that directly interfere with the mineralization of the deposit. Although genetically related to the same deposit, each group exhibits a different fate in the environment. A typical deposit association is Pb-Zn-Ag-As-Sb-Hg. The first group of metals in surface waters is consistent with the typical association of the ore Zn-Pb-Cd-(Tl), the second includes Ag-Sb-Hg, and the third includes the additives in the zinc and lead ore Co-Ni-Mo-Mn: [formula]. Depending on the pH-Eh conditions, metals and metalloids precipitate out of the solution or sorb on solid particles. The concentrations of individual groups of metals are interdependent but show different environmental fates along the river course. The natural process of the enrichment of surface waters with Zn-Pb-Cd-(Tl) is by water circulation in a rock matrix naturally rich in the metals and draining groundwaters by the river. Under oxidizing and slightly alkaline conditions, Ag-Sb-Hg incorporated into the soluted chemical compounds, may, when the physicochemical parameters of the waters change, be adsorbed and/or precipitated. The presence and ratio of concentrations of Co-Ni-Mo-Mn with respect to zinc are almost identical, differing only in concentration.

11

An awkward contaminant: are mercury concentrations in historically collected fossils a result of storage conditions?

Surmik Dawid, Cabała Jerzy, Balin Katarzyna, Szade Jacek

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 1

39--49

EN

High concentrations of mercury (Hg), reaching astonishing values in two cases, have recently been detected in Middle and Late Triassic fossil reptile bones, housed for over 100 years in several Polish museum collections. Since no correlation between either the life modes of these taxa or their burial environment was observed, the studied contaminations seem to be associated with housing conditions. The specimens were kept for an extended amount of time in boxes, in which they were stored soon after finding. A proximity of mercury-containing materials, like mercury fulminate, and unstandardized conditions of storage and conservation of the remains may result in contamination of porous bone with mercury. A detailed knowledge about the housing history of old museum collections has great importance to their prospective studies.

12

Mercury and methylmercury in Baltic Sea sediments, and Polish and Lithuanian soils

Ignatavičius Gytautas, Unsal Murat H., Busher Peter E., Wołkowicz Stanisław, Satkūnas Jonas, Valskys Vaidotas

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 3

art. no. 22

EN

We review the current environmental pollution by mercury in the soils of Poland and Lithuania and in the sediments of the Baltic Sea. Mercury is documented to have many negative impacts on the environment as a toxic trace element. In many different chemical forms, it is being released into the environment by both geogenic and anthropogenic activities, with most being released from anthropogenic sources. Methylmercury is considered one of the most toxic forms found in the environment. Mercury levels in sediment and various point sources increased after World War II in the Baltic Sea, which was used as a dumpsite. Previous studies show noticeable differences in total mercury in the Baltic Sea. In the Warta and Odra rivers in Poland, mercury levels are also higher than the background value, though recent findings suggest that river sediments are not the main source of mercury to marine sediments. Concentrations in soils in Poland and Lithuania were below the level of limit values (1 and 1.5 mg/kg-1 respectively), but Upper Silesia showed concentrations (up to 4.01 mg · kg-1) above the limit values. Furthermore, between 1992 and 2006, mercury levels in Wroc³aw dropped dramatically. The dominant trees in the area can affect mercury accumulation. No data were available for comparison with the soils in Estonia and Latvia.

13

Analysis of mercury content inside mining waste dump – case study in the Upper Silesia in Poland

Michalska Anna, Smoliński Adam, Koteras Aleksandra

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 67, no. 1

95--106

EN

Mercury is ranked third on the Substance Priority List, an index of substances determined to pose the most significant potential threat to human health compiled by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. This element is activated with the extraction of hard coal and accumulated in the natural environment or re-emitted from the waste deposited on dumping grounds. So far, studies on mercury content have focused on the analysis of the dumps surface and the adjacent areas. In this paper, the detection of mercury content inside mining waste dumping grounds was analysed. The recognition of mercury content in the profile of the mining waste dump is important in terms of the dismantling of the facility. The dismantling may pose a risk of environmental pollution with mercury due to the possibility of increased fire risk, re-emission, and the transfer of xenobiotics to another place. In this paper, the study of mercury content in the mining waste dump profile was presented. The research demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between the mercury content and the sampling depth. The mercury content in the mining waste was determined based on the rank and origin of hard coal only. Therefore, intensive efforts should be undertaken to identify the environmental hazards arising from the dismantling of mining waste dumps and to adopt measures to prevent these hazards.

14

Oznaczanie całkowitej zawartości rtęci i metylortęci w próbkach grzybów pochodzących z różnych regionów Polski

Rutkowska Małgorzata, Falandysz Jerzy, Saba Martyna, Szefer Piotr, Misztal-Szkudlińska Małgorzata, Konieczka Piotr

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2022

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nr 3

28--33

PL

Mobilność i kumulacja rtęci w różnych elementach składowych środowiska oraz toksyczność determinowane są formami chemicznymi tego pierwiastka, a MeHg jest tą najistotniejszą z punktu widzenia toksyczności żywności i analityki.

15

Environmental, health and safety intricacies of artisanal mining in the gold-rich landscapes of Karamoja, north-eastern Uganda

Serwajja Eria, Mukwaya Paul Isolo

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 2

90--108

EN

Artisanal small-scale gold mining presents numerous opportunities for Uganda's rural poor. However, it also poses serious environmental, health and safety challenges. A suite of data collection methods including interviews, focus groups discussions, water and soils sampling were used to examine the perceptions of miners on the status, prevalence and extent of mercury use in artisanal gold mining, mercury transit routes and toxicity levels of soils and water in Karamoja sub-region. It also explores the health, safety and environmental implications of artisanal small-scale gold mining in the sub-region. The findings show that trade and access to mercury is widespread; although trade in, access to and its use is highly secretive. Traders access mercury through a number of ways including smuggling across the porous borderline and formal, but covert, importation. Miners then discreetly access it through undercover sales in jewellery shops and in affluent gated communities in Uganda's capital, Kampala. Soil and water samples showed mercury levels that exceeded the minimum acceptable limits of 0.03 mg/kg and 0.006 mg/l respectively. Further, artisanal small-scale gold mining is associated with massive land clearances and landscape deformations. It has invariably scarred the countryside with piles of waste and uncovered pits that are a source of accidents and ideal breeding grounds for vectors.

16

Mercury in the bottom sediments of the ship channel and River Mouths: the Vistula Lagoon

Bogdanov N. A., Bass O. V., Paranina A. N., Paranin R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14. no. 3

697--700

EN

It is studied the distribution of Hg in bottom sediments of estuaries on the banks of the open water area of the Vistula Lagoon and in the Kaliningrad Sea Canal (KSC) isolated from it. Methods for the determination of Hg: inversive voltammetry and highly sensitive flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. It has been established: from spring to autumn the activation of storms and surge events in the lagoon, intensification of the water flushing regime of the channels ensure a significant Hg decrease in river mouths, but in dynamically weakened KSC conditions - an increase in Hg (from 0.05 to 0.85 mg / kg). In KSC bays, the safe level of Hg (0.3 mg / kg) for the period 2000-2015 was not exceeded (0.008 to 0.216 mg / kg), which indicates a favorable ecological and epidemiological situation. Hg determinations by low-sensitivity methods can be used only in qualitative assessments of the variability in concentrations of any dangerous toxicant. Finding a reliable amount of Hg in river mouths requires the use of highly sensitive methods of analysis.

17

Ocena zagrożenia metalami ciężkimi w produktach spożywczych

Kępińska Jagoda, Biel Wioletta

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2020

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T. 74, nr 8

52--56

PL

Żywność oprócz składników odżywczych może zawierać także substancje, które stanowią zagrożenie dla zdrowia. Przykładem takiego zagrożenia jest obecność w produktach spożywczych metali ciężkich. Zanieczyszczenia te należy zaliczyć do skażeń chemicznych powstałych w wyniku różnych procesów naturalnych, przetwórczych, migracji oraz przypadkowych skażeń. Metale ciężkie uznaje się obecnie za jedne z najgroźniejszych zanieczyszczeń środowiska człowieka. Do najbardziej toksycznych należy kadm, ołów, rtęć oraz arsen. Pierwiastki te odznaczają się najwyższym współczynnikiem kumulacji. W artykule przedstawiono dane literaturowe na temat zawartości metali ciężkich w niektórych podstawowych produktach spożywczych (warzywach i owocach, artykułach pochodzenia zwierzęcego: mleku, mięsie oraz rybach). Dodatkowo na podstawie raportów RASFF dokonano analizy występowania zagrożeń chemicznych w żywności z uwzględnieniem tendencji oraz częstotliwości ich zgłaszania w analizowanym okresie.

EN

In addition to nutrients, food also contains substances that can pose health risk. Heavy metals are one such threat. These impurities should be classified as chemical contamination resulting from various natural, processing and migration processes as well as accidental contamination. Heavy metals are currently one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. The most toxic include cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic. These elements have the highest accumulation coefficient. The article presents results of heavy metal content in some basic food products (vegetables and fruits, products of animal origin - milk, meat, fish). Additionally, based on RASFF reports, an analysis of the occurrence of chemical hazards in food was made taking into account trends and the frequency of reporting them in the analyzed period.

18

Rtęć : źródła uwalniania do środowiska, wskaźniki zanieczyszczenia, zagrożenia dla zdrowia ludzi i rola edukacji

Chmielewski Jarosław, Wójtowicz Bożena, Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona, Łuszczki Jarogniew J., Dziechciaż Małgorzata, Sierpiński Radosław, Marszałek Artur, Gworek Barbara, Szpringer Monika

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 8

1227--1233

PL

Przedstawiono stan wiedzy na temat źródeł uwalniania rtęci do środowiska i związanych z tym zagrożeń dla człowieka i innych organizmów.

19

Environmental analysis of novel sorbents for mercury sorption

Lelek Łukasz, Wdowin Magdalena, Panek Rafał

Polityka Energetyczna

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2020

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T. 23, z. 1

119--134

EN

The reduction of mercury emissions in currently existing coal-based power plant solutions by each method i.e. preliminary, primary and secondary (consisting of introducing coal into the combustion chamber and then removing mercury from the combustion gases arising from the combustion process) does not solve the problem of achieving the required limits by power plants. Therefore, the need has arisen to look for new, effective solutions. The results presented in the work concern the analysis of environmental benefits for the use of zeolites obtained from by-products of coal combustion such as fly ash (from hard coal and lignite) in technologies for removing gaseous forms of mercury. The tested zeolites were silver-modified X-type structures. The reference material in the considerations was active carbon impregnated with bromine – a commercially available sorbent on the market. The article considers environmental benefits resulting from the use of tested zeolites taking the product life cycle, sorbent efficiency and the possibility of its regeneration compared to activated carbon (AC/Br) into account. The LCA analysis was performed taking the estimated material and energy balances of the manufacturing processes into account. When comparing the production process of type X zeolite materials on the processing line and activated carbons in the amount necessary to capture 375 g Hg from exhaust gases, the LCA analysis showed that zeolites contribute to a lower potential impact on the environment. The advantage is that 5 times less zeolite sorbent than activated carbons is needed to capture the same amount of mercury. In addition, zeolite materials can be regenerated, which extends their life time.

PL

Redukcja emisji rtęci w obecnie istniejących rozwiązaniach elektrowni bazujących na węglu zarówno metodami wstępnymi, jak i metodami pierwotnymi oraz metodami wtórnymi polegającymi na wprowadzeniu węgla do komory paleniskowej, a następnie usuwaniu rtęci z gazów wylotowych powstałych w procesie spalania, nie rozwiązuje problemu osiągnięcia wymaganych limitów przez elektrownie, w związku z czym istnieje potrzeba poszukiwania nowych, efektywnych rozwiązań. Przedstawione w pracy wyniki dotyczą analizy korzyści środowiskowych dla zastosowania zeolitów otrzymywanych z ubocznych produktów spalania, jakimi są popioły lotne (z węgla kamiennego i brunatnego) w technologiach usuwania gazowych form rtęci. Badane zeolity stanowiły struktury typu X modyfikowane srebrem. Materiałem referencyjnym w rozważaniach był węgiel aktywny impregnowany bromem – komercyjnie dostępny na rynku sorbent. W artykule rozważono korzyści środowiskowe wynikające z zastosowania badanych zeolitów uwzględniając cykl życia produktu, wydajność sorbentu oraz możliwość jego regeneracji w porównaniu do węgla aktywnego (AC/Br). Analizę LCA dokonano, uwzględniając oszacowane bilanse materiałowe i energetyczne procesów wytwarzania. Przy porównaniu procesu produkcji materiałów zeolitowych typu X na linii technologicznej oraz węgli aktywnych w ilości niezbędnej do wychwycenia z gazów odlotowych 375 g Hg, analiza LCA wykazała, iż zeolity przyczyniają się do mniejszego potencjalnego wpływu na środowisko. Zaletą jest fakt, iż do wychwycenia tej samej ilości rtęci niezbędne jest 5 razy mniej sorbentu zeolitowego niż węgli aktywnych. Ponadto materiały zeolitowe dodatkowo można regenerować, co wydłuża ich czas życia.

20

Problem związków rtęci odprowadzanych do systemów kanalizacyjnych

Panasiuk Damian

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2020

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Nr 12

29--32

PL

Używanie sprzętu oświetleniowego, baterii guzikowych oraz starych termometrów i manometrów rtęciowych jest źródłem emisji rtęci do powietrza i wody. Innym źródłem emisji jest praktyka dentystyczna. Stosowanie wypełnień amalgamatowych, refundowanych przez Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia /jest przyczyną odprowadzania znaczącego ładunku rtęci do systemów kanalizacyjnych. Obowiązek stosowania separatorów może częściowo zredukować strumień rtęci trafiający do oczyszczalni ścieków. Jednak dopiero wycofanie z użycia amalgamatu dentystycznego zatrzyma z czasem to źródło emisji.

EN

The use of lighting equipment, button batteries, and old mercury thermometers and manometers are sources of mercury emissions to air and water. Another source of emissions is dental practice. The use of amalgam fillings refunded by the National Health Fund is the cause of the discharge of a significant load of mercury to sewage systems. The compulsory use of separators may partially reduce the mercury stream going to the wastewater treatment plant. However, only the withdrawal from the use of dental amalgam will stop this source of emission over time.