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1

Control for Grid Connected Small Wind Turbine System

Černelič J., Štumberger G., Dolinar D.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2015

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R. 91, nr 5

174-178

EN

This paper presents a control of a grid connected small wind turbine (SWT) system. The chosen SWT topology consists of a synchronous machine (SM) with excitation winding, a full power back to back converter and an output filter. The control system consists of the hill search type Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and the Voltage Oriented Control (VOC). The two control algorithms are interacting over the DCvoltage controller. The proposed control requires small number of measurements that can be reduced to the electrical subsystem of SWT.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono sterowanie małą turbiną wiatrową podłączoną do sieci. System składa się z silnika synchronicznego oraz przekształtnika i filtru wyjściowego. Do sterowania wykorzystano algorytm MPPT i układ VOC.

2

Simulation and Experimental validation of Distributed MPPT algorithms for partially shaded Photovoltaic systems

Muthuramalingam M, Manoharan P. S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2014

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R. 90, nr 8

92-96

EN

This paper analyzes the performance of two different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for photovoltaic (PV) system: artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference (ANFIS) as used by an interleaved soft switching boost converter (ISSBC) system with different conditions, such as partially shaded, condition, changing solar insolation and PV cell temperature. However, under partially shaded conditions, when the PV module characteristics get more complex with multiple peaks of output power. Both algorithms are methodically investigated by means of Matlab simulation and hardware experimental validation, compare in terms of parameters tracking speed, power extraction, and harmonic analysis. In this topology, each cascaded H-bridge inverter (CHBMLI) unit is connected to an individual PV module through an interleaved soft switching boost converter (ISSBC). The simulation and hardware results show that ANFIS algorithm is outperforming than the ANN algorithm.

PL

W artykule analizowane są dwa algorytmy śledzenia maksymalnej mocy (MPPT) stosowane w systemach fotowoltaicznych: jeden (ANN) wykorzystuje sieci neuronowe a drugi wykorzystuje ANFIS. Układ pozwla na załączanie przekształtnika w zależności od warunków, np. zacienienia czy temperatury.

3

Porównanie i analiza możliwości wykorzystania algorytmów MPPT dla paneli fotowoltaicznych z wykorzystaniem różnych profili nasłonecznienia

Staniak P., Iwański G., Moćko W., Ornowski M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2014

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Vol. 55, nr 9

142-146

PL

Artykuł przedstawia porównanie algorytmów MPPT dla źródeł fotowoltaicznych. Do badań wybrano trzy najczęściej wykorzystywane algorytmy. Przedstawiono ich krótką charakterystykę wraz ze strukturą graficzną. Następnie pokazano wyniki badań komputerowych oraz na stanowisku laboratoryjnym. W ostatniej części pracy przedstawiono wnioski oraz określono kierunek kontynuacji badań.

EN

The article presents comparison and the study of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods in the different sunshine conditions. The paper shows the simulation studies and the laboratory tests of three MPPT techniques from the literature, which has been chosen for analysis at the angle of a few aspects e.g. the implementation in the microcontrollers system. The short description of the MPPT techniques is included and the authors present all algorithms, which have been implemented in the microcontroller. In the last part of the article the summary is presented.

4

An improved PO and immune MPPT method for PV generating system under partially shaded conditions

Liu L. Q., Liu C. X., Yang G. T., Zheng X. Y., Wang J. S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 1a

235--238

EN

The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic (PV) generating system study on the tracking method at partial shading is very important to improve the output efficiency of costly PV, the objective is to improve the respond speed and extract maximum power under different weather and partial shading conditions. The output characteristics of PV system get more complex than same irradiation because of the continually changing of atmospheric conditions and frequently partially shaded in actual woke state. The nonlinear and multiple local peaks characteristics of PV system at partial shading are considered by using perturbation and observation (PO) method to gain the actual global peak of PV system, and the conventional PO method is improved by using the perturb Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) method at ideal irradiation and partial shading, and then the artificial immune theory is used to accelerate the response speed and robustness. The proposed improved PO and immune method has an excellent dynamic performance and small oscillation as compared to the traditional PO method under partially shaded conditions.

PL

W artykule opisano algorytm śledzenia maksymalnego punktu pracy (MPPT) dla system paneli fotowoltaicznych, w warunkach częściowego zacienienia. W celu wyznaczenia punktu globalnego MPPT, zastosowano metodę perturbacji i obserwacji (PO). Metoda PO została ulepszona poprzez zastosowanie zmodyfikowanej modulacji PWM przy braku nasłonecznienia i częściowym zacienieniu. W celu zwiększenia dynamiki i odporności algorytmu wykorzystano teorię sztucznej odporności. Proponowana metoda gwarantuje bardzo dobrą efektywność.

5

A grid-connected PV power system total considers the MPPT and SSRF-SPLL control technologies

Liu L. Q., Liu C. X.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 3a

171--173

EN

At present, an optimal maximum power tracking (MPPT) and grid-connected control methods for a PV power system are very important to improve the output efficiency. However, most of literatures only introduce the MPPT or PLL method, respectively. A novel MPPT method is proposed by improving the convention perturbation and observation (P&O) method in this paper, which can track the real peak of PV array at different irradiation and partial shading. To analyze the locked performance, the Single Synchronous Reference Frame Software Phase Locked Loop (SSRFSPLL) is discussed at different grid faults such as single-phase voltage drop, two phase voltage drop, and frequency discontinuity.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono algorytm MPPT oparty na zmodyfikowanej metodzie perturbacji i obserwacji, umożliwiający śledzenie punktu mocy maksymalnej zespołu paneli PV w warunkach niejednorodnego nasłonecznienia i częściowego zacienienia. W celu analizy działania systemu podłączonego do sieci elektroenergetycznej, zastosowano algorytm synchronizacji fazowej PLL o pojedynczej ramce.

6

Optimizing the operation of a photovoltaic generator by a genetically tuned fuzzy controller

Drir N, Barazane L., Loudini M.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2013

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Vol. 23, no. 2

145--167

EN

This paper presents design and application of advanced control scheme which integrates fuzzy logic concepts and genetic algorithms to track the maximum power point in photovoltaic system. The parameters of adopted fuzzy logic controller are optimized using genetic algorithm with innovative tuning procedures. The synthesized genetic algorithm which optimizes fuzzy logic controller is implemented and tested to achieve a precise control of the maximum power point response of the photovoltaic generator. The performance of the adopted control strategy is examined through a series of simulation experiments which prove good tracking properties and fast response to changes of different meteorological conditions such as isolation or temperature.

7

MATLAB-based DC voltage superposition principle to study the output characteristics of PV array at partial shading

Liu L. Q., Sun Z. Y., Liu C.X.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 12a

284-286

EN

Power-voltage characteristics of large scale photovoltaic (PV) arrays at partial shading are characterized by multiple steps and peaks. Most of the existing schemes are unable to accurately predict the output performance of PV array under these conditions. A Matlab-based DC voltage superposition principle is used in studying the output characteristic of a PV array under a non-uniform irradiation due to partial shading. It is observed that, for a given PV array configuration, the actual maximum power point can be gained by using the DC voltage superposition principle. The method has been experimentally validated by using several illustrative examples.

PL

W artykule opisano metodę wyznaczania charakterystyki moc-napięcie dla matryc fotowoltaicznych w warunkach nierównomiernego naświetlenia, na podstawie zasady superpozycji napięć DC w programie Matlab. Korzystając z tej metody można określić punkt mocy maksymalnej, co wykazano badaniami eksperymentalnymi.

8

AC/DC converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm for complex solution of Small Wind Turbine

Rolak M., Kot R., Malinowski M., Goryca Z., Szuster T.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2011

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R. 87, nr 6

91-96

EN

This paper presents a complex solution of Small Wind Turbine for AC/DC converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm. The different topologies of converters are presented and compared to chose optimal solution. Chosen Maximum Power Point Tracking methods are introduced, described and simulated. Some important phenomenon which occurred during designing process of the wind rotor and permanent magnet synchronous generator are described either.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia proces projektowania małej elektrowni wiatrowej z przekształtnikiem AC/DC do śledzenia mocy szczytowej MPPT (ang. Maximum Power Point Tracking). W pracy zostały przedstawione i porównane różne topologie przekształtników, jak również opisano i wykonano badania symulacyjne wybranych algorytmów MPPT. Ponadto pokazano problemy pojawiające się podczas procesu projektowania elektrowni wiatrowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zagadnień dotyczących turbiny wiatrowej, generatora i samego przekształtnika AC/DC.

9

Evaluation of maximum power point tracking methods for photovoltaic systems

Talha A., Boumaaraf H., Bouhali O.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2011

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Vol. 21, no. 2

151-165

EN

The output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are nonlinear and change with the solar irradiance and the cell's temperature. Therefore, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. Among the hill climbing methods, the perturb and observe (P&O) method tracks the maximum power point (MPP) by repeatedly increasing or decreasing the output voltage at the MPP of the PV module. The implementation of the method is relatively simple, but it cannot track the MPP when the irradiance varies quickly with time. In addition, itmay cause system oscillation around the peak power points due to the effect of measurement noise. The incremental conductance (IncCond) method is also often used in PV systems. This method tracks the MPPs by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the solar array. This method requires longer conversion time, and a large amount of power loss results. In addition, extra hardware circuitry is required to implement the system. In this paper, it is shown that the negative effects associated with such a drawback can be greatly reduced if the intelligent method is used to improve P&O and IncCond algorithms. The perturbation step is continuously approximated by using fuzzy logic controller (FLC). By the digital simulation, the validity of the proposed control algorithm is proved.

10

Maximum power point tracking for PV generator feeding different DC motor drive systems

Kolano J., Filipek P., Niechaj M.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2000

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Vol. 8, No. 4

398-401

EN

A simple method of maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic generator feeding magnetoelectric DC-current motor in stand-alone photovoltaic drive system, without a buffer energy source, has been described in this paper. The specific quality of this method is assuring the maximum power working point of the generator in indirect way - by maximisation of motor input power. This method makes maximum power point tracking independent of generator cells temperature and insolation, and of any changes of generator output characteristic (voltage-current) curves caused by light cells aging and shading of some cells shaded with snow or dirt. This method was implemented in a laboratory stand for two similar version (analogue and digital with microcontroller), some differing in a tracking method, and its results have been presented and compared herein.