Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Real estate valuation algorithm for large local markets

Bitner Agnieszka, Frosik Małgorzata

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2022

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Vol. 71, no. 1

art. no. e20, 2022

EN

The article deals with issues related to the application of statistical methods used in the valuation process. The proposed algorithm for real estate valuation can be used in the statistical market analysis method in the process of mass appraisal. The algorithm uses a multiple linear regression model. Legal considerations indicate the need for such an algorithm for the determination of the value of representative properties. Due to the large size of the database of comparables, the proposed algorithm can be used only to appraise typical properties. A good statistical model is parsimonious, that is, it uses as few mathematical concepts as possible in a given situation. A model should extract what is systematic in the results observed, allowing for the presence of purely random deviations. The article discusses the basic principles of building a good statistical model. Attention is drawn to the number of market attributes that are entered into the model and the range of their values. As few explanatory variables as possible should be entered into the model to explain the phenomenon under study. Explanatory variables are only those characteristics of the property that differentiate prices in a given market defined and adopted by the appraiser as the basis for valuation. The article highlights the importance of taking into account market changes during the period under study.

2

Prediction Cadastral Tax Implementation in the Aspect of Experience Other Countries

Polny L.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 8, no. 4

43--53

EN

In Polish tax system higher tribute of property is dependent on parcel area or on usable surface of building (premises). This elaboration so is exploration a alternative fiscal solution, worthy implementation in current national socio-economic conditions. Exploration the possibilities of implementation cadastral tax in Poland based on review Polish legal conditions and on empirical data from countries, which have already been implemented effectively working tax of property values. This data acquired from European Statistical Office. Based on this, estimated base of cadastral tax. Based while on estimated cadastral values of parcels built single-family houses from cadastral district Wilkowyja, calculated tax rate on a regional basis. The estimation was performed using proprietary methodology that reflects fiscal capabilities of Polish society.

PL

W polskim systemie podatkowym wysokość daniny od nieruchomości uzależniona jest od pola powierzchni gruntu bądź powierzchni użytkowej budynku (lokalu). Niniejsza praca koncentruje się na poszukiwaniu alternatywnego rozwiązania fiskalnego, godnego implementacji w obecnych krajowych warunkach społeczno-ekonomicznych. Ocenę możliwości wdrożenia podatku katastralnego w Polsce oparto na przeglądzie polskich uwarunkowań prawnych oraz na empirycznych danych z krajów, gdzie jest to już wprowadzony efektywnie działający podatek od wartości nieruchomości. Dane te pozyskano z Europejskiego Urzędu Statystycznego. Na ich podstawie oszacowano wartość podstawy opodatkowania. Opierając się natomiast na wyestymowanych wartościach katastralnych nieruchomości gruntowych zabudowanych budynkami mieszkalnymi jednorodzinnymi z rzeszowskiego obrębu ewidencyjnego Wilkowyja, ustalono stopę podatkową w ujęciu regionalnym. Jej szacowanie przeprowadzono, stosując autorską metodologię odzwierciedlającą fiskalne możliwości polskiego społeczeństwa.

3

Principles of calculating the cadastral value

Bieda A.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 3

11-23

EN

The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the Cracow real estate market focusing on the mass appraisal. The author of this paper intends to study the optimum principles of calculating the cadastral value of the real estate, which would allow the real estate value, calculated using the mass appraisal techniques, to be as close to market value as possible. The cadastral value of the representative real estate has been calculated using the modified method of correcting the average price. This method has been described in details in this paper. Each representative real estate has been appraised several times. Every valuation process employed different parameters of a given comparable base, according to which the valuation was made. The obtained values were compared to transaction prices that were paid for these real estate properties in the free market.

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest analiza krakowskiego rynku nieruchomości pod kątem powszechnej taksacji. Celem autorki jest opracowanie optymalnych założeń do wyceny wartości katastralnej, w taki sposób, aby otrzymana w wyniku powszechnej wyceny wartość nieruchomości była jak najbardziej zbliżona do jej wartości rynkowej. Wartość katastralną nieruchomości reprezentatywnych określono za pomocą zmodyfikowanej metody korygowania ceny średniej. Metodę tę opisano szerzej w niniejszej pracy. Wycenę każdej nieruchomości reprezentatywnej przeprowadzono kilkakrotnie, za każdym razem zmieniając parametry bazy do porównania, według której wykonano wycenę. Otrzymane wartości porównano z cenami transakcyjnymi, jakie uzyskano za te nieruchomości na wolnym rynku.

4

Modelowanie dostępności komunikacyjnej nieruchomości jako atrybutu niezbędnego w procesie wyceny

Cichociński P.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2006

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T. 4, z. 3

71-80

EN

A reform of real estate taxes which is surely unavoidable in the future and introduction of a cadastral tax will cause the necessity of a mass appraisal of real estates, in other words - value assessment of all real estates. One of the basic methods of determining market value of real estate is valuation accomplished by means of a comparative approach. This approach assumes that market value of real estate is assessed through comparison to other similar real estates, for which transaction prices and characteristics distinguishing these real estates and having the essential influence on their value are known. One of the essential difficulties of comparative approach is the necessity to have information about real estates similar to the one to be appraised, which were subjects of trade on a given property market. Generally used method of object attributes determination on the basis of maps and reconnaissance requires participation of a man (an operator). In case of mass appraisal it would cause enormous expenditure of labour, resulting in huge costs. But to solve these problems Geographic Information Systems can be used. One of their classical applications are spatial analyses allowing determination of spatial characteristics of objects and relationships between them. In the paper communication acces sibility attribute was analysed in detail. The access to real estate was considered in two categories: movement with own transportation means and using public transport facilities. The first case is more important in rural areas, but also the second case is significant because of weak public communication network. The term movement with own transportation means refers to journey along the road network from the central point, around which concentrates the life of inhabitants, directly to real estate. Such analysis can be conducted independently for each real estate, by calculation of best route to the centre, or determination of zones of specified travel times around the centre and assigning particular real estates to them. Regarding mass transport facilities, one can ride only to the nearest stop, and then has to move on foot. Such partition into two stages significantly complicates the modeling. Examination of conditions of journey to real estate was conducted based on two data models: vector and raster. In the first case functions for geographical networks analyses were used. Two tools were applied: Best Route between two points and Service Area. In case of rasters the Cost Distance function was used, which calculates the least-accumulative-cost distance to the nearest centre for each pixel. Vector analyses were limited to movement along elements of road network, unfortunately also for pedestrian traffic. As for rasters, every variant of journey forced preparation of suitable data. When travel only along roads was considered, pixels outside roads were assigned .no data. value in reclassification process. In case of raster data, there is no need to have information concerning road network, recorded as linear objects. Information coming from land register on parcels under roads or land use type road will be sufficient. Raster data makes it also possible to conduct analyses regarding movement outside the road network, which can be applied in case of pedestrian traffic examination. After suitable preparation of a movement cost raster, it also appeared possible to integrate in one analysis getting to the stop on foot and further travelling using public transportation means. An advantage of raster data is also the possibility of taking into account the centre of elongated shape, for example situated along the main street, which is often the case in countryside. However, resulting raster data sets were finally converted into vector form, containing borders of zones, for easier assignment of real estates to them. Research described in the paper confirmed the usefulness of tools for vector network analyses and raster cost analyses for determination of real estates communication accessibility. The only problem can be, as in many other cases, the availability of suitable data.