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BRAT: A BRidge Attack Tool for cyber security assessments of maritime systems

Hemminghaus C., Bauer J., Padilla E.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 1

35--44

EN

Today’s shipping industry is largely digitalized and networked, but by no means immune to cyber attacks. As recent incidents show, attacks, particularly those targeting on the misleading of navigation, not only pose a serious risk from an economic perspective when disrupting maritime value chains, but can also cause collisions and endanger the environment and humans. However, cyber defense has not yet been an integral part of maritime systems engineering, nor are there any automated tools to systematically assess their security level as well-established in other domains. In this paper, we therefore present a holistic BRidge Attack Tool (BRAT) that interactively offers various attack implementations targeting the communication of nautical data in maritime systems. This provides system engineers with a tool for security assessments of integrated bridge systems, enabling the identification of potential cyber vulnerabilities during the design phase. Moreover, it facilitates the development and validation of an effective cyber defense.

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Development and Standardization of Intelligent Transport Systems

Nowacki G

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2012

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Vol. 6, no. 3

403--411

EN

The paper refers to theoretical basis and history of Intelligent Transport Systems. The first term telematics was created in 1978, then transport telematics in 1990 and term - Intelligent Transportation Sys-tems (ITS) were approved in USA and Japan in 1991 and in Europe in 1994 on the world ITS Congress in France. The development and standardization of Intelligent Transportation Systems has been presented. ITS standardization in Europe is dealt with by the following institutions: CEN, ETSI and CENELEC. Furthermore standards of the applications of maritime intelligent transport systems have been presented including maritime Management and Information Systems, sea environment and interactive data on-line networks, ship integrated decision support systems, Advanced maritime navigation services, automatic identification, tracking and monitoring of vessels, as well as safety purposes.

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A Method To Determine Functional Availability Of Technical Objects

Żurek J., Ziółkowski J.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2007

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Vol. 2, no 2

527-536

EN

The intended aim of the paper is to present a problem of reaching engineering maturity by a technical object being introduced into service and designed for emergency activities. These are objects and systems associated with those of basic performance. Failures to the latter ones are hazardous to safety. Models of availability analysis, in particular of servicing by teams of specialists have been based on the theory of Markov/semi-Markov processes. The method of analysis has been introduced using a ship-helicopter as an example.