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1

Wpływ aplikacji pulpy siarkowej na plonowanie i skład chemiczny kukurydzy

Lisowska Aneta, Filipek-Mazur Barbara, Kulig Bogdan

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 1

143--148

PL

Doświadczenie polowe prowadzono w latach 2018-2019 w Stacji Doświadczalnej Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie. W pierwszym roku doświadczenie obejmowało 5 obiektów: obiekt kontrolny bez nawożenia, obiekt z nawożeniem pulpą siarkową oraz obiekty z nawożeniem pulpą siarkową w połączeniu z materiałami organicznymi. W drugim roku doświadczenie kontynuowano celem oceny dwóch strategii nawożenia: ponownego zastosowania materiałów i nawozów wprowadzonych w pierwszym roku badań i wyłącznego nawożenia mineralnego NPK, w celu określenia następczego działania materiałów wykorzystanych w pierwszym roku badań. W odniesieniu do obiektu kontrolnego zastosowane nawożenie prowadziło do istotnego zwiększenia plonu suchej masy części nadziemnych kukurydzy. Rośliny nawożone badanymi materiałami cechowały się porównywalną lub większą zawartością azotu ogółem i porównywalną lub mniejszą zawartością siarki ogółem niż rośliny obiektu kontrolnego.

EN

In a two-year field expt., corn was grown and fertilized with S pulp or mixts. of S pulp with org. substances or without fertilizer in order to det. the yield efficiency of the dry matter of the aboveground part. In the second year of the expt., the assessment of re-fertilization using materials and fertilizers introduced in the first year of the study and exclusive NPK mineral fertilization was continued in order to det. the residual effect of the materials used in the first year. The applied fertilization significantly increased the dry matter yield of the above-ground parts of corn compared to the control treatment. Plants treated with S materials showed comparable or higher total N content and comparable or lower total S content compared to control plants.

2

The impact of maize irrigation intervals and potassium fertiliser rates on mealybug populations, vegetative growth, and resulting yield

Bakry Moustafa M.S., Aljedani Dalal M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

234--242

EN

The mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), is one of the main pests attacking maize plants in Egypt. Field trials were carried out in the maize field to assess the influence of irrigation periods and potassium fertiliser rates on the mealybug (P. solenopsis) population estimates, vegetative growth, resulting yield, and its components for the maize cultivar (‘Single-Hybrid 168 Yellow’) in the Luxor Governorate, Egypt. Results revealed that unfertilised plants irrigated every seven days had higher pest population densities than other treatments over the two seasons. The fertilised treatments at 114 kg K2O∙ha -1 that received water every 10 days had the smallest population of P. solenopsis in every season. Data during the two seasons (2021 and 2022) revealed that the maize to which potassium fertiliser was added by 114 kg K2O∙ha -1 and irrigated every 10 days had vegetative growth (plant height, diameter, and number of green leaves per plant), yield and its components (average ear length, ear weight, number of grains per ear, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield) significantly increased as compared to those of the plants that were irrigated every 7 days and without adding fertiliser. A higher dose of potassium fertiliser reduces the infestation of P. solenopsis but causes an increment of maize vegetative growth. This affects the final yield. This information aids farmers in comprehending the good agronomic techniques of maize plants to decrease the infestation of mealybugs and increase the yield.

3

Effect of fertilisation with P, Mg or S enriched urea-ammonium nitrate solution on the management of macronutrients in common maize

Wierzbowska Jadwiga, Sienkiewicz Stanisław, Światły Arkadiusz

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

39--51

EN

The purpose of this study has been to determine the effect of fertilisation with urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution enriched with P, Mg or S on the content of macronutrients in the grain and straw of maize. The following fertilisers were tested in the field experiment: ammonium nitrate, urea, UAN - 32% N; RSM+S - 26% N + 3% S; RSM+P(Medium) - 26% N and 4.80% P; RSM+P(Starter) - 21% N and 7.86% P; UAN + Mg - 20% N + 4% Mg. In each year of the experiment, significant differentiation in the contents of P, K, Ca, Mg and S in maize grain and straw was observed, depending on the applied nitrogen fertilisation. However, considering the average values from each treatment achieved over the three years, it was demonstrated that the fertilisation significantly changed only the content of P and S in grain and K and Ca in straw of maize. The removal of nutrients was the highest in the second year of the research and amounted in kg∙ha-1 : P - about 100, K - about 350, Ca - about 80, Mg - about 35 and S - about 31, which in turn were differentiated over the years of the experiment in the three years. The removal of P, K, Mg and S also significantly depended on fertilisation. Significant differences, however, most often concerned the control treatment relative to the fertilised ones. The contribution of grain to the accumulation of nutrients also varied significantly in the three years of the experiment. Significantly the lowest share of grain in terms of P and S accumulation was noted in maize grown without N fertilisation.

4

Bee Pollen as a Functional Product – Chemical Constituents and Nutritional Properties

Alshallash Khalid S., Abolaban Gomaa, Elhamamsy Sam M., Zaghlool Ayman, Nasr Ali, Nagib Ashraf, Abd El-Hakim Ahmed F., Zahra Abdullah A., Hamdy Ashraf E., Taha Ibrahim M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

173--183

EN

Nutritional supplements play a role in promoting human protein synthesis, fitness recovery, and mental health protection. Pollen is considered a natural food with excellent nutritional value. The use of bee-gathered pollen as a nutritional supplement is now widespread around the world, and it is appreciated for its healing qualities. However, depending on the floral species and the region of origin, pollen has a wide range of nutritional value. It was found that clover pollen had the highest protein content (31.4 g/100 g DM), while the lowest content was observed in maize pollen (21.3%). Eucalyptus pollen had the highest lipid amount (9.49 g/100 g DM), while clover pollen had the lowest content (7.46 g/100 g). Phytochemical analysis showed that eucalyptus pollen occupied the highest total antioxidant activity (67.02%), followed by clover (58.25%) then maize (52.18%), whereas clover pollen had the highest phenolic content (1165 mg GAE/100 gm), compared with the other pollen varieties (949.4 to 1073 mg-GAE/100 gm). The contents of branched-chain amino acids were 29, 33.3, and 38.4 mg/g for maize, eucalyptus, and clover respectively, representing 17.87, 18.44, and 16.53% of total amino acids. The contents of total essential amino acids (EAAs) were 61.8, 73.0, and 83.5 mg/g for maize, eucalyptus, and clover pollen, respectively. Only eucalyptus pollen ultimately met the minimum requirements of EAAs for adults. In contrast, the other two types of pollen contained at least 3–4 limiting amounts of the essential amino acids leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, and valine. In conclusion, pollen is a good, affordable source of nutrients that can be utilized as beneficial dietary supplements for human health.

5

Chemical Composition of Maize Grain (Zea mays L.) in Relation to the Depth of Fertilizer Application

Szulc Piotr, Ambroży-Deręgowska Katarzyna, Kobus-Cisowska Joanna, Zielewicz Waldemar, Abramczyk Ewa, Kardasz Przemysław

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 67, nr 2

27--37

EN

The artide presents the results of a 2-year field study aimed at assessing the chemical composition of maize plants depending on the depth of two-component (Nl') mineral fertilizer placement in the soil profile, the type of nilrogen ferlilizer and the date of its application. Weather conditions, mainly thermal, in the early maize growing season, had no signitcant etfect on the chemical composition of maize grain. The research showed the noticeable highesl content of crude fiber in maize grain as a result of broadcast application of the fertilizer (0 cm), while the lowest for row fertilization at depths of 5 cm and 15 cm. The application of urea in maize cultivation and the pre-sowing application of nitrogen significantly increased the starch content in maize grain compared to ammonium nitrate and the top dressing application of nitrogen fertilizer.

6

Comparison of stress susceptibility index of silage corn and sorghum crops

Keten Mualla, Değirmenci Hasan

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2022

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nr I/1

21--28

EN

Drought is an important factor that causes a decrease in yield and quality in regions where second crop silage plants are grown. One of the biggest problems in animal husbandry is feed. Especially silage feed production tends to decrease in areas with increasing water deficit and where water needs cannot be met. The high water requirement of the corn plant requires irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. However, in order to continue the production of silage fodder in regions where water resources are insufficient with the increase of drought, it will be necessary to grow forage plants that can be an alternative to corn plant. In previous studies, it has been discussed whether the sorghum plant is an alternative to the corn plant. The aim of this study is to determine the drought sensitivity index based on the yield values of both plants in wet and dry conditions. Thus, it will be determined whether the sorghum plant will be an alternative to the corn plant in terms of drought. The identification and selection of drought-resistant cultivars and species is possible using various indices. In this study, second crop silage maize and sorghum crops were grown in Kahramanmaraş conditions for two years (2018 and 2019), dry and irrigated. Stress sensitivity index (SSI) was used to determine the drought tolerance of silage maize and sorghum crops. 'Colonia' variety was used for silage corn and 'Es Foehn' variety was used for sorghum. When the STI values are examined, the corn and sorghum values for 2018 were 0.55 and 0.53, respectively, while the d values for 2019 were found as 0.33 in corn and 0.54 in sorghum. these values are very close to the YSI values. While the 2018 values in both indices were not determinative in terms of drought resistance, the value of sorghum in 2019 was 64% higher than corn (this value was found to be 61% for YSI). This also showed that there is a direct correlation between YSI and STI indices.

7

Kukurydziane źródło energii odnawialnej

Kodłubański Tomasz

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

|

2022

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nr 3

PL

Obecnie największym producentem kukurydzy (ok. 37%) jest Ameryka Północna, a dokładniej – Stany Zjednoczone. Na drugim miejscu są Chiny (ok. 21%), a zaraz za nimi najwięcej kukurydzy hoduje się w Brazylii (ok. 7%). W Polsce uprawia się kukurydzę na areale 1,2 mln ha, z czego połowa jest uprawiana na ziarno, a druga na kiszonkę. Oznacza to, że kukurydza jest jedną z najpopularniejszych roślin uprawnych w naszym kraju, a polski udział w światowych zbiorach tej rośliny to ok. 0,4%.

8

Impact of air pollution on maize and wheat production

Chen Haorui, Wenzhi Zeng, Li Jiuying, Ma Tao, Liu Shenzhou, Lei Guoqing, Gaiser Thomas, Srivastava Amit Kumar

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 2

237--256

EN

To determine the effects of air pollution on crop yields, weather, air pollution, and maize and winter wheat yield data from 331 cities in China from 2014 to 2016 were collected and analysed. Furthermore, support vector regression and the crop growth model were applied to extrapolate the air pollution data of Beijing and Hetian and verify the relationship between air pollution and yield. Precisely, heavy air pollution usually occurred in North China, but less than moderate air pollution levels affected crop yields statistically insignificantly. Moreover, both the winter wheat and maize yields increased in moderate air pollution periods but decreased in heavy air pollution periods in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Importantly, a threshold value was necessary for the heavy air pollution periods to trigger a yield decrease. The threshold values of maize in 2015 and 2016 were 7 days and 5 days, respectively, while that of winter wheat was 10 days in both 2015 and 2016. Once the heavy air pollution periods exceeded the threshold value, both the winter wheat and maize yields decreased linearly with the periods. PM2.5 was the main air pollutant in Beijing in 2014, while PM2.5 and PM10 were the main air pollutants in Hetian in both 2015 and 2016. Regardless of whether the main air pollutant was PM2.5 or PM10, the simulated potential winter wheat yields by the crop growth model with moderate air pollution for the whole growth period were all higher than the yields under observed and heavy air pollution conditions.

9

Weather-based maize yield forecast in Saudi Arabia using statistical analysis and machine learning

Jayagopal Prabhu, Muthukumaran Venkatesan, Koti Manjula Sanjay, Kumar Sampath Satheesh, Rajendran Sukumar, Mathivanan Sandeep Kumar

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 6

2901--2916

EN

Crop yield is completely vulnerable to extreme weather events. Growing research investigation to establish climate change, implications in the sectors are influencing the connection. Forecasting maize output with some lead time can help producers to prepare for requirement and, in many cases, limited human resources, as well as support in strategic business decisions. The major purpose is to illustrate the relationship between various climatic characteristics and maize production, as well as to predict forecasts using ARIMA and machine learning approaches. When compared to ARIMA, the proposed method performs better in forecasting maize yields. Consequently, the neural network provides the majority of the prospective talents for forecasting maize production. Seasonal growth is susceptible of forecasting crop yields with tolerable competencies, and efforts are essential to quantify the proposed methodology that forecasts overall crop yield in diverse neighbourhoods in Saudi Arabia’s regions. The proposed combined ARIMA-LSTM model requires less training, with parameter adjustment having less effect on data prediction without bias. To monitor progress, the model may be trained repeatedly using roll back. The correlations between estimated yield and measured yield at irrigation and rain-fed sites were analysed to further validate the robustness of the optimal ARIMA-LSTM method, and the results demonstrated that the proposed model can serve as an effective approach for different types of sampling sites and has better adaptability to inter-annual fluctuations in climate with findings indicating a dependable and viable method for enhancing yield estimates.

10

Przemysłowe i energetyczne wykorzystanie roślin kukurydzy

Migut Dagmara, Buczek Jan, Jańczak-Pieniążek Marta, Szpunar-Krok Ewa

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2021

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T. 25, cz. 1

57--64

PL

Kukurydza (Zea mays L.) należy do roślin uprawianych powszechnie na całym świecie. Dzięki szerokiej dostępności jest wszechstronnie użytkowanym gatunkiem. Stanowi cenne źródło surowca dla przemysłu spożywczego, spirytusowego i chemicznego oraz doskonałą paszę dla zwierząt. Dynamicznie rozwijającym się kierunkiem wykorzystania roślin kukurydzy jest również jej wykorzystanie na cele energetyczne. W pracy przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania roślin kukurydzy w aspekcie przemysłowym oraz na cele energetyczne.

EN

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crop grown all over the world. Its availability makes it a widely used species. It is a predominant food raw material for human or animal consumption, used as a raw material for bioethanol production and in the chemical industry. Another dynamically developing direction of the use of maize is their use for energy purposes. The paper presents the possibilities of using maize plants in the industrial aspect intended for energy production.

11

The juvenile phase of maize: nutrient contents as an indicator of grain yield

Szulc Piotr, Baldys Weronika, Zielewicz Waldemar, Krauklis Daniel

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 2

27--32

EN

The study presents the results of a 4-year field study aimed at assessing nutrient content of two maize juvenile stages (BBCH 17/18 and BBCH 18/19) in relation to the depth of two-component (NP) mineral fertilizer placement in the soil layer (0, 5, 10, 15 cm), type of nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate, urea) and date of its application (before sowing, in the BBCH 15/16 stage). Maize showed a high capacity to compensate for growth in the early developmental stages, which resulted from the action of the component placed in deeper soil layers. The highest phosphorus content in maize plants was recorded at the 8-9-leaf stage for a depth of 10 cm. The effect of nitrogen dilution depended on the form and date of fertilizer application. Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate at the 5-6-leaf stage showed the greatest decrease in N content from the 7-8-leaf stage to the 8-9-leaf stage. The content of phosphorus and nitrogen at the 7-8- and 8-9-leaf stages was significantly correlated with grain yield. Higher correlation coefficients were recorded for the 8-9-leaf stage.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki 4-letnich badań polowych, których celem była ocena zawartości składników pokarmowych w dwóch fazach młodocianych kukurydzy (BBCH 17/18 i BBCH 18/19) w zależności od głębokości umieszczania nawozu dwuskładnikowego (NP) w warstwie gleby(0, 5, 10, 15 cm), rodzaju nawozu azotowego (saletra amonowa, mocznik) oraz terminu jego aplikacji (przed siewem, w fazie BBCH 15/16). Kukurydza wykazywała dużą zdolność kompensacji wzrostu we wczesnych stadiach rozwoju, który wynikał z działania składnika umieszczonego w głębszych warstwach gleby. Największą zawartość fosforu w roślinach kukurydzy odnotowano w stadium 8-9 liścia dla głębokości 10 cm. Efekt rozcieńczenia azotu zależał od formy i terminu stosowania nawozu. Rośliny nawożone saletrą amonową w stadium 5-6 liścia wykazały największy spadek zawartości N w okresie od stadium 7-8 liścia do stadium 8-9 liścia. Zawartość fosforu i azotu w stadium 7-8 liścia i 8-9 liścia była istotnie skorelowana z plonem ziarna. Większe współczynniki korelacji odnotowano dla stadium 8-9 liścia.

12

Effect of the depth of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer application on the nutritional status of maize plants (Zea mays L.)

Szulc Piotr, Baldys Weronika, Kobus-Cisowska Joanna, Nowaczyk Rafał

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 2

22--26

EN

The study presents the results of a 4-year field study aimed at assessing the nutrition of maize plants in relation to the depth of two-component (NP) mineral fertilizer placement in the soil layer (0, 5, 10, 15 cm), the type of nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate, urea) and the date of its application (before sowing, BBCH 15/16). It was demonstrated that the initial phosphorus application elevated nitrogen content in the ear leaf with the increase in mineral fertilizer placing depth in soil, while zinc to the depth of 5 cm. DRIS analysis confirmed the significant impact of the depth of phosphorus fertilizer placement on the plants’ nitrogen balance. Initial fertilization with phosphorus improved the plant nutritional status, indicating N as the main deficient nutrient at the BBCH 63 stage

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki 4-letnich badań polowych, których celem była ocena odżywienia roślin kukurydzy w zależności od głębokości umieszczania nawozu mineralnego, dwuskładnikowego (NP) w warstwie gleby (0, 5, 10, 15 cm), rodzaju nawozu azotowego (saletra amonowa, mocznik) oraz terminu jego aplikacji (przed siewem BBCH 15/16). Wykazano, że startowa aplikacja fosforu powodowała wzrost zawartości azotu w liściu podkolbowym kukurydzy wraz ze wzrostem głębokości umieszczania nawozu mineralnego w glebie, natomiast cynku do głębokości 5 cm. Istotny wpływ głębokości umieszczenia nawozu fosforowego na gospodarkę azotową roślin potwierdziła analiza DRIS. Nawożenie startowe fosforem poprawiło stan odżywienia roślin, wskazując na N jako główny składnik pokarmowy, będący w stadium BBCH 63 w niedoborze.

13

Diversification of chloroplast pigment contents determined by differential selection of agriculture practices in maize cultivation

Szulc Piotr, Krauklis Daniel, Kobus-Cisowska Joanna, Nowaczyk Rafał

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 2

16--21

EN

The article presents the results of a 3-year field study aimed at evaluating the effect of sowing method and NP fertilizer application on chloroplast pigment contents in two different types of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties. Cultivation method regardless of the years significantly shaping chloroplast pigment contents is the same factor that determines maize yield. Variety selection can but to a small extent correct the adverse effects of direct sowing systems on chlorophyll content. The lack of differences in the nitrogen nutritional status (SPAD) of plants at the BBCH 67 stage despite the considerable diversification of the experimental factor levels indicates good conditions for the uptake of this nutrient in the period up to flowering. Selection of the variety in combination with row NP fertilization is the factor supporting the nutritional status of maize at this stage. The “stay-green” type should be the more predisposed maize variety for direct sowing and row fertilization under these conditions due to the higher chlorophyll content of leaf blades.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki 3-letnich badań polowych, których celem była ocena wpływu sposobu siewu i aplikacji nawozu NP na zawartość barwników chloroplastowych przez dwa różne typy odmian kukurydzy (Zea mays L.). Sposób uprawy roli istotnie, niezależnie od roku, kształtując zawartość barwników chloroplastowych jest czynnikiem warunkującym plonowanie kukurydzy. Dobór odmiany może, lecz w niewielkim stopniu, skorygować niekorzystny wpływ systemów siewu bezpośredniego na zawartość chlorofilu. Brak zróżnicowania stanu odżywienia roślin azotem (SPAD) w stadium BBCH 67, pomimo znacznej dywersyfikacji poziomów czynników doświadczalnych, wskazuje na dobre warunki pobierania tego składnika w okresie do kwitnienia. Czynnikiem wspomagającym stan odżywienia kukurydzy w tym stadium jest dobór odmiany w połączeniu z rzędowym nawożeniem NP. Bardziej predysponowaną odmianą kukurydzy do siewów bezpośrednich i nawożenia rzędowego ze względu na większą zawartość chlorofilu w blaszkach liściowych w tych warunkach siedliskowych powinna być odmiana w typie „stay-green”.

14

Assessment of the impact of selected agriculture factors on maize nutritional status in critical growth stages using the plant analysis method. Part 1. 5-6 leaf stage (BBCH 15/16)

Szulc Piotr, Baldys Weronika, Kobus-Cisowska Joanna, Krauklis Daniel, Kucharska Aleksandra

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 1

10--18

EN

The study presents the results of a 3-year field study, whose aim was to assess the effect of sowing and NP fertilizer application method on dry matter (yield) accumulation at the BBCH 15/16 stage of two different types (traditional and staygreen) of maize varieties. It was found that the nutritional status of maize in the stands rich in nutrients may only incidentally (depending on years) show a reaction to variety selection and row application of NP fertilizers, improving the values of nitrogen nutrition indices. Physiological indices of the plants’ status at the BBCH 15/16 stage showed a significant, albeit variable over the years, response to variety selection and the row application of NP fertilizers. The negative effect of the sowing method was revealed incidentally.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki 3-letnich badań polowych, których celem była ocena wpływu sposobu siewu i aplikacji nawozu NP na gromadzenie suchej masy (plon) w fazie BBCH 15/16 przez dwa różne typy (tradycyjna i stay-green) odmian kukurydzy. Stwierdzono, że stan odżywienia kukurydzy w stanowiskach zasobnych w składniki pokarmowe tylko incydentalnie (od lat) może wykazać reakcję na dobór odmiany, jak i rzędowe stosowanie nawozów typu NP poprawiając wartość wskaźników odżywienia azotem. Wskaźniki fizjologiczne stanu roślin w stadium BBCH 15/16 wykazują istotną, aczkolwiek zmienną w latach, reakcję na dobór odmiany i rzędowe stosowanie nawozów NP. Ujemne działanie sposobu siewu ujawnia się incydentalnie.

15

Assessment of the impact of selected agriculture factors on maize nutritional status in critical growth stages using the plant analysis method. Part 2. Flowering stage (BBCH 61)

Szulc Piotr, Baldys Weronika, Kobus-Cisowska Joanna, Krauklis Daniel, Kucharska Aleksandra

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 1

19--24

EN

The study presents the results of a 3-year field study, whose aim was to assess the effect of sowing and NP fertilizer application method on the content of nutrients in leaf blades of two different types of maize varieties (traditional and stay-green) in the BBCH 61 stage. The selection of the variety in combination with row NP fertilization is a factor supporting the nutritional status of maize at this stage. The “stay-green” variety showed a positive reaction to the row NP application, which was caused by a better supply of P and K. The content of N, P, K, Mg in maize leaves at the BBCH 61 stage may be an indicator of the size of maize grain yield, regardless of the type of maize hybrid.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki 3-letnich badań polowych, których celem była ocena wpływu sposobu siewu i aplikacji nawozu NP na zawartość składników pokarmowych w blaszkach liściowych w fazie BBCH 61 przez dwa różne typy odmian kukurydzy (tradycyjna i stay-green). Czynnikiem wspomagającym stan odżywienia kukurydzy w tym stadium jest dobór odmiany w połączeniu z rzędowym nawożeniem NP. Pozytywna reakcja na rzędowe stosowanie NP wykazała odmiana „stay-green”, co wynikało z lepszego zaopatrzenia w P, K. Zawartość N, P, K, Mg w liściach kukurydzy w stadium BBCH 61 może być indykatorem wielkości plonu ziarna kukurydzy, niezależnie od typu mieszańca kukurydzy.

16

The Effect of Waste Materials on the Content of Some Macroelements in Test Plants

Godlewska Agnieszka, Becher Marcin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 4

167--174

EN

The study reported here was to determine the effect of an application of organic and mineral materials and their mixtures, combined with mineral fertiliser regime, on the content of selected macroelements in cocksfoot grass and maize. The trial was a completely randomised arrangement with three replicates. Two experimental factors were tested: factor A – fertilisation with organic and mineral materials ( sewage sludge fresh and composted, hard coal incineration ashes , calcium carbonate, mixture of this components) and factor B – mineral fertilisation. The observed effects are indicative of the legitimacy of applying sewage sludge and its mixture with hard coal ash to fertilise agricultural crops as this would reduce reliance on mineral fertiliser, which is very desirable in sustainable agriculture. Mineral fertilisation applied to both the test plants significantly reduced their contents of calcium and magnesium but it increased their content of potassium.

17

Calibration and Evaluation of Aquacrop for Maize (Zea Mays L.) under Different Irrigation and Cultivation Methods

Hassan Diaa Fliah, Ati Alaa Salih, Neima AbdulKhalik Saleh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

192--204

EN

Crop models of simulation are utilised effectively to evaluate the management of irrigation strategies which help in managing the water use. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of the Aquacrop model of maize under the surface and sprinkler irrigation systems, and a cultivation system, borders and furrows, and for two varieties of Maze (Fajr and Drakma) at two different sites in Iraq, i.e. the Babylon and Al-Qadisiyah governorates. The current study conducted an experiment to evaluate the Aquacrop model capacity in simulating canopy cover (CC), biomass (B), dry yield, harvest index (HI), and water productivity (WP). The results of RMSE, R2, MAE, d, NSE, CC, Pe indicated good results and high compatibility between the measured and simulated values. The highest achieved results were identical to the method of sprinkler irrigation due to the decrease in the amount of water consumed and the furrows cultivation method as the aerial roots were covered and the cultivar was Drakma. The highest values for the statistical data were R2 (90 and 96%), RMSE (0.60, 0.73), MAE (0.5, 0.67), d (0.97, 0.97), NSE (0.87, 0.90), for the Babylon and Al-Qadisiyah sites, respectively. As for the CC values, they were very compatible with the values of R2 and ranged between (92–99)%. The prediction error was Pe and minor errors were found. Thus, the Aquacrop model can be used reliably to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed irrigation management strategies for maize.

18

Choroby patogeniczne kukurydzy i rola biostymulatorów w ich zwalczaniu

Skwarek Monika, Pipiak Paulina

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2020

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R. 65

129--143

PL

Kukurydza zwyczajna (Zea mays L.) należy do najważniejszych roślin uprawnych w Polsce. W pracy dokonano ogólnego przeglądu znaczenia gospodarczego kukurydzy oraz czynników stresogennych dla kukurydzy, wpływających na występowanie chorób, które zostały scharakteryzowane oraz sklasyfikowane w zależności od czynnika sprawczego. Omówiono także pozytywny wpływ biostymulatorów na wzrost i rozwój roślin, a także zastosowanie ich w ochronie roślin.

EN

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops in Poland. This paper reviews the economic importance of maize and stress factors, which affect the occurrence of diseases, which have been characterized and classified according to the causative factor. The positive effect of biostimulants on plant growth and development, as well as using them in plant protection was also presented.

19

Wpływ zastosowania kolagenu rybiego i chlorowodorku poliheksametylenobiguanidyny na zawartość mikro- i makroelementów w roślinach kukurydzy

Skwarek Monika, Pipiak Paulina, Sieczyńska Katarzyna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 10

1534--1537

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących wpływu zastosowania środków wiążących na kiełkowanie i wzrost kukurydzy (Zea mays L.). Oznaczono stężenia wybranych pierwiastków (B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Zn) metodą atomowej spektrometrii emisyjnej (ICP-OES) w pędach i korzeniach kukurydzy. Określono także świeżą i suchą masę badanych roślin. Badania wykazały znaczący wpływ otoczkowania nasion na skład pierwiastkowy korzeni i pędów kukurydzy.

EN

Maize seeds were coated with binding agents (fish collagen or poly((hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride, PHMB). In maize seedlings (after 21 days of growth), the dry and fresh mass of shoots and roots as well as the contents of elements (B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P and Zn) were detd. A significant increase in the fresh mass of maize shoots and roots grown from PHMB-coated seeds was obsd., compared to the control sample. The use of both types of binding agents significantly changed the elemental compn. of the roots and shoots. In the roots of plant grown from collagen-coated seeds, the highest increase in content of B and Na was obsd., while those grown from PHMB-coated seeds, the highest increase in the content of Fe, K, Mg and P. The smaller changes in the content of elements were obsd. in the plant shoots.

20

Ochrona plantacji kukurydzy przed omacnicą prosowianką (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)

Grodner Jacek, Sułek Alicja, Wyzińska Marta, Nieróbca Piotr, Warzecha Roman, Ogórkiewicz Monika

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 8

1177--1182

PL

Kukurydza jest jednym z najważniejszych zbóż uprawianych w kraju. Powierzchnia zasiewów ma stałą tendencję wzrostu i kształtuje się na poziomie ok. 1 mln ha. Świadczy to o jej ogromnym znaczeniu w rolnictwie i coraz większym zapotrzebowaniu na to zboże w różnych gałęziach przemysłu (przemysł spirytusowy, paliwowy). Rosnące znaczenie rośliny to też większa potrzeba dbałości o uprawę. Agrofagi oraz deficyt składników pokarmowych mogą znacznie ograniczyć potencjał plonowania uprawianych odmian kukurydzy, co przekłada się na opłacalność prowadzonych jej upraw. Jednym z głównych szkodników kukurydzy jest omacnica prosowianka, ciepłolubny nocny motyl, którego gąsienice powodują znaczne straty w plonach, a w skrajnych przypadkach mogą doprowadzić do zniszczenia całej plantacji. W celu przeciwdziałania powodowanym przez nie stratom konieczne staje się zapobieganie ich licznym pojawom, a w razie potrzeby użycie bezpośredniego zwalczania. Służy temu integrowana ochrona roślin (IPM), która od 2014 r. obowiązuje na terenie wszystkich państw Unii Europejskiej. Propaguje ona zwłaszcza metody niechemiczne, a więc agrotechniczne, hodowlane i biologiczne. Owadobójcze środki chemiczne są dopuszczalne tylko w przypadku dużego zagrożenia ze strony szkodnika, po przekroczeniu progu szkodliwości.

EN

For 3 strains of European corn borer, the pheromone blends consisting of (E)-11-tetradecenyl, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl and/or not tetradecyl acetates were prepd. and used to make the dispensers with 2 types of rubber carriers: a grey rubber cork or a piece of a red rubber hose. The effectiveness of the dispensers was compared with com. ref. lures on 3 maize field infested by Ostrinia nubilalis. The lures made on the red rubber hose with a ternary pheromone blend were at least as effective for the dominant Z pheromone strain as the resp. std. lures.