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Fossil floral assemblage from the Upper Triassic Grabowa Formation (Upper Silesia, southern Poland)165–193165–193

Wawrzyniak Zuzanna, Filipiak Paweł

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 2

165--193

EN

Upper Triassic fossil plants are well documented from the Keuper of Europe. Carnian and Rhaetian floras are rich in a variety of plant taxa, whereas in comparison, the Norian is limited to a few localities with poorly preserved fossil plant communities showing low diversification. The Norian Grabowa Formation in Zawiercie-Marciszów, Upper Silesia, southern Poland, contains fossils of arborescent gymnosperms, including petrified conifer trunks. In this study, we present a fossil plant assemblage, containing fragmented plant parts in multiple forms of preservation, i.e., permineralised trunks and rooting structures, stems compressions, dispersed cuticles, and megaspores. Analysis of the macromorphological characters proved the presence of gymnosperms, including the ar-borescent conifer Agathoxylon cf. keuperianum, known already from this locality from fragments of charcoalified wood. Sphenophytes are represented by disarticulated stems of Equisetites sp., and Neocalamites sp. The variation in plant fossils indicates the possibility of higher plant diversity. Analysis of cuticles, macerated from different plant-bearing lithologies, revealed a variety of conifer foliage, expressed as five cuticulae dispersae morphotypes (needle-leaf Elatocladus-type and scale-leaf Pagio- Brachyphyllum-like). Plant fossils at Zawiercie-Marciszów are preserved in calcareous mudstones and micritic limestone concretions, developed in a fluvial environment. The presence of sphenophyte stems (Equisetites and Neocalamites) indicates that local conditions were more humid and suitable for spore-producing plants, appearing in the mid-Norian tectonic-pluvial episode, recorded in the Grabowa Fm.

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Triassic-Jurassic flora of Poland; floristical support of climatic changes

Barbacka M., Pacyna G., Feldman-Olszewska A., Ziaja J., Bodor E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 3

281--309

EN

Plant macroremains from five boreholes in Poland were studied. Two of them (Huta OP-1 and Studzianna) from the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, yielded several taxa. In the other three boreholes determinable fossil plants were sporadic, albeit important. Most of the taxa from the Huta OP-1 and Studzianna boreholes are typical of the European Early Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian). Both localities, although close to one another, show quite different taxonomic floral compositions. The Huta OP-1 flora is fern-dominated with the presence of ginkgophytes and conifers (a new species incertae sedis, Desmiophyllum harrisii Barbacka et Pacyna is herein proposed), which would suggest rather wet and warm conditions. This flora is typical of the European Province of the Euro-Sinian Region. In Studzianna the Siberian elements dominate, gymnosperms, mainly Czekanowskiales, which indicate a drier and colder environment.The palaeobotanical data correspond to the results of clay mineral studies, in particular the kaolinite/illite ratio in the source formations. The kaolinite content confirms a decrease in temperature and a reduction in rainfall in the late Early Hettangian and the latest Hettangian in the area.

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Taxonomy and palaeoecology of the Early Jurassic macroflora from Odrowąż, central Poland

Barbacka M., Ziaja J., Wcisło-Luraniec E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 3

373-392

EN

The locality of Odrowąż is an Early Jurassic section in central Poland, with a taxonomically relatively poor flora. The available material is composed of both macro- and microremains. The macroremains, represented by 720 specimens (491 suitable for study), consist mainly of leaves, shoots, rhizomes, as well as male and female cones and fragments of other fructifications. sphenophytes, pteridophytes, pteridosperms, bennettites, cycads, ginkgophytes, conifers are represented by single taxa, only ferns are more diverse. The material is dominated by the conifer Hirmeriella muensteri (schenk) Jung and the benettite Pterophyllum alinae Barbacka sp. nov. Taxonomically, the ferns are the most diverse group (five species belonging to five genera). Most of the plants show adaptations to wet conditions, which corresponds well to the proposed sedimentary environment, a river plain. The complete material shows, however, that the floral remains originated from a wider area situated along the river and on its banks. One new genus, Odrolepis, three new species, Odrolepis liassica, Pterophyllum alinae, Paracycas minuta, and one new forma, Todites princeps, forma trilobata, are described. some forms are left in open nomenclature.

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Wstępne wyniki badań paleobotanicznych wiercenia Studzianna (trias-jura) z północnego obrzeżenia Gór Świętokrzyskich

Barbacka M., Feldman-Olszewska A., Jarzynka. A., Krupnik J., Ociepa A. M., Wcisło-Luraniec E., Ziaja J.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2009

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T. 35, z. 3/1

17-19

EN

Studzianna well core (Triassic-Jurassic) from the Holy Cross Mts region were investigated. Fossil plants from the genus Neocalamites (Equisetales) were found mainly in the Triassic sediments. Fragments of Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales and Coniferales were determined mainly from the Lower Jurassic. The Lower Jurassic microflora consists of sporomorphs from Bryophyta, Equisetales, Lycopodiales, Filicales from the family Cyatheaceae or Dicsoniaceae, Pteridospermophyta from Caytoniales, Ginkgoales or Cycadales or Bennettitales, Coniferales from the families Taxodiaceae, Pinaceae and Cheirolepidiaceae. Palynofacies have mainly terrestrial character and confirms earlier opinion (Karaszewski 1962, Pieńkowski 2004) of the prevailed terrestrial origin of the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) sediments from the Holy Cross Mts region.

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Wstępne wyniki badań górnotriasowej makroflory Lipia Śląskiego, Polska

Wawrzyniak Z., Ziaja J.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2009

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T. 35, z. 3/1

105-106

EN

Upper Triassic macroflora from Lipie Śląskie near Lublin in Poland was investigated. Five different morphological types of cuticulae dispersae were found. One type belongs to Lepidopteris ottonis (Goeppert) Schimper (Pteridospermae), an index species for uppermost Triassic. Other types probably belong to Coniferales e.g. Cheirolepidiaceae.

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The Lower Jurassic flora from Odrowąż – state of investigations

Barbacka M., Ziaja J., Wcisło-Luraniec E.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

229-229

EN

The Early Jurassic (Hettangian) fossil plants from the Mesozoic margin of the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland have been worked out for many years. First data regarding plant macrofossils from this area were published at the end of the XIX-th century by Raciborski (northern part of the Holy Cross Mts. margin) and later, at the beginning of the XX-th century by Makarewiczówna (neighbourhood of Ostrowiec). Later, Reymanówna continued studies on a newly discovered locality in Odrowąż (known also as Sołtyków). Because of relatively poor preservation of the material, it was not investigated methodically, and only some species were described. Wcisło-Luraniec prepared the taxonomical list of macroflora, while Ziaja researched palynology. Last years, dinosaur findings in this locality caused an increase of interest in the palaeoenvironment of Odrowąż, so that reconstruction of vegetation and plant descriptions became topical. The existing list of taxa contains: horsetails - Neocalamites sp.; ferns - Todites princeps (Presl) Gothan, Phlebopteris angustiloba (Presl) Hirmer & Horhammer, Thaumatopteris schenkii Nathorst; seed ferns - Caytonia sp., Pachypteris sp.; bennettites - Otozamites sp., Pterophyllum sp.; ginkgophytes - Schmeissneria microstachys (Presl) Kirchner & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert; conifers - Swedenborgia sp., Podozamites sp., and Hirmeriella muensteri (Schenk) Jung. Recently, it has increased with some species: horsetails - Equisetites sp.; ferns - Woodwardites microlobus Schenk, Dictyophyllum sp., Sphenopteris kirchneri Goeppert; and cycads - Paracycas cteis Harris. Also, some determinations were specified: Pachypteris lanceolata Brongniart, Otozamites brevifolius Braun, Podozamites lanceolatus (Lindley & Hutton) Braun, and a new species was proposed, Pterophyllum alinae. Sixty-three taxa of fossil pollen grains and spores from Odrowąż have been recognized by now. The Classopollis pollen grains were isolated from Hirmeriella muensteri (Schenk) Jung male cones. The pollen grains from these cones are identical as dispersed Classopollis torosus (Reissinger) Couper from Odrowąż. The microflora were compared with the macroflora from investigated locality. The major plant groups of the microflora correspond to plant groups represented in the macroflora. The age of sediments from Odrowąż has been established as Hettangian on the basis of spore and pollen grain composition and the presence of an index species Aratrisporites minimus Schulz. It confirms the earlier opinion on the age of these sediments based on geological and macrofloristical investigations.

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Zagadkowa roślina z wczesnej jury Gór Świętokrzyskich

Gierliński G.D., Ploch I., Sabath K., Ziaja J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 2

139-141

EN

Fossils plants (less than 0.5 m high) preserved in upright position were found in Śmiłów Quarry (E of Szydłowiec) at the northern slope of the Holy Cross Mountains. The plants were preserved as impressions of ascending narrow-leafed stems in fine-grained sandstone of the Drzewica Formation (upper Pliensbachian). The leaves are 5-25 cm long and about 2-5 mm wide; the angle between them and the short main axis ranges within 20-30o. Morphology of the plant resembles schizeacean ferns, but also that of Aethophyllum stipulare Brongniart 1828 from Anisian of France, recognized by Grauvogel-Stamm (1978) as an herbaceous gymnosperm. Grauvogel-Stamm (1978) supposed that the leaves Podozamites and cone scales Swedenborgia, common in Jurassic strata of higher palaeolatitudes, are derived from descendants of Aethophyllum. Podozamites leaves often occur in many dinosaur track-bearing horizons in the Polish Jurassic. Thus, herbaceous conifers might have played an important and often underestimated role in the Mesozoic ecosystems (possibly as a substantial part of dinosaur diet). The possiblity of coniferous equivalents of Cenophytic herbaceous angiosperms, as well as a possibility of their coevolution with Mesozoic low browsing and grazing herbivore megafauna is worth further palaeobotanical and palaeoecological studies.

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Nowe dane na temat flory z famenu Gór Świętokrzyskich

Dąbrowska K., Filipiak P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 8

720-723

EN

New macroflora remains were found from the Famennian strata (unit J) from the Kowala Quarry (the Holy Cross Mts., central Poland). Palynological research indicates presence of the VF (Diducites versabilis-Grandispora famenensis) miospore Zone. Macroflora is very well preserved as many carbonized parts or imprints. Preliminary observations indicate that those remains can belong to genus Archaeopteris. This cosmopolitan genus has been earlier reported from Poland in the Sudetes Mts. from similar stratigraphic position.

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Stan wiedzy o jurajskiej florze z obszaru Antarktyki

Ociepa A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2004

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Vol. 2, no. 1

151-156

EN

Jurassic flora from Antarctica comes from 9 localities: 2 from East Antarctica, 7 from West Antarctica (6 from Antarctic Peninsula). This flora is very uniform and consist mainly of ferns, seed ferns, cycads, bennettites, conifers. The richest flora comes from Hope Bay and from Botany Bay in Antarctic Peninsula.

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Wyniki badań makroszczątków roślin znalezionych w serii witowskiej (południowa Polska)

Brud S., Worobiec G.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 5

392-401

PL

Opisano makroszczątki roślin znalezione w osadach serii witowskiej. Zachowały się one w postaci odcisków w słabozwięzłych piaskowcach i mułowcach. Rośliny iglaste reprezentowane są przez gatunek Pinus cf. palaeostrobus (Ettingshausen) Heer oraz szczątki, których nie udało się oznaczyć. Wśród szczątków roślin dwuliściennych oznaczono liść gatunku Zelkova zelkovifolia (Unger) Bůžek et Kotlaba, liście rodzajów Fagus i Populus oraz owoc z rodziny Juglandaceae. Część okazów roślin okrytozalążkowych, których nie udało się bliżej oznaczyć, opisano jako „Leguminosae” sensu Berger oraz Dicotylophyllum. Rośliny jednoliścienne reprezentuje gatunek Spirematospermum wetzleri (Heer) Chandler oraz odcisk fragmentu liścia Monocotyledonae gen. et sp. indet. Skład oriktocenozy wskazuje, że w czasie sedymentacji osadów serii witowskiej w okolicach Witowa występowały lasy łęgowe oraz mezofilne w warunkach bardzo łagodnego klimatu umiarkowanego ciepłego. Obecność szczątków Pinus cf. palaeostrobus (Ettingshausen) Heer, Spirematospermum wetzleri (Heer) Chandler, Zelkova zelkovifolia (Unger) Bůžek et Kotlaba i przedstawiciela rodziny Juglandaceae oraz wyniki analizy pyłkowej wskazują, że wiek tej części serii witowskiej, z której pochodzą omawiane szczątki roślin odpowiada młodszemu neogenowi (późny miocen-pliocen).

EN

Macroremains of plants (leaves, fruits, shoots) in the Witów Series at Witów us impressions preserved in poorly cemented occur and mudstones. Coniferous plants are represented by Pinus cf. palaeostrobus (Ettingshausen) Heer, and other, indeterminate remains. Remains of dicotyledons belong to species Zelkova zelkovifolia (linger) Buzek et Kotlaba, genera Fagus and Populus, and family Juglandaceae. There are also some dicotyledonous fossils ("Leguminosa" sensu Berger, Dicotylophyllum) whose systematic position is unclear. Monocotyledonous plant remains are represented by Spirematospermum wetzleri (Heer) Chandler and Monocotyledonae gen. etsp. indet. Composition of oryctocoenosis found points to presence of riparian and mesophytic forests, as well as mild, warm temperate climate during the period of origin of the Witów Series. Presence of taxa of Pinus cf. palaeostrobus, Spirematospermum wetzleri, Zelkova zelkovifolia and remains of Juglandaceae, as well as results ofpalynological investigations suggest Younger Neogene (Late Miocene-Pliocene) age of the Witów Series with plant remains.