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EN
The article presents NIMBY syndrome as a type of local conflict, taking into account phases of development, its levels and methods of mitigation. NIMBY syndrome has been portrayed as a conflict affecting the lives of local communities, drawing on the classic concept of conflict. The article also provides an analysis of investment in renewable energy sources as potentially affected by NIMBY.
EN
The article aims at presenting the public communication programme based on civic participation model, which deals with shale gas exploration and extraction, "Together about shale gas". The programme was prepared on the initiative of the Marshal of the Pomorskie Voivodeship and is going to be implemented on the area of three voivodeships of northern Poland. As stated in the article, the programme constitutes an innovative and pioneer undertaking on the Polish ground, which pertains to the issue of public communication and decision-making when implementing controversial infrastructure investments. The first part of the article outlines the challenges that the communication measures will have to face in the area of Pomorskie voivodeship and key actions implemented so far. The next chapter constitutes a sociological diagnosis ofthe situation related to the public reactions to shale gas exploration. Further on the article lists the main assumptions and solutions within the scope of public communication and public conflict management, which form grounds for the "Together about shale gas" programme. The key part of the text presents the most important elements of the programme and how they were implemented.
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EN
The problem of peace operations has been dominated recently by the Balkan experiences, thus the peace activities in other regions of the world have been moved into the background. Therefore the analysis of these issues in regard to regional engagement comes up with interesting conclusions. Especially due to the fact that Asia and Africa lead in the number of war and conflicts’ casualties and North East Asia is currently considered the most dangerous region of the world where probable armed conflicts may break out. The scale and effects of the UN involvement in crisis management in Asia and Africa has been discussed in the article. The specific character of the armed conflicts appearing there has been stressed and consequently a multi-staged scheme of UN peace operations. One of the examples of UN flexible approach towards crisis management in Africa and Asia is the activation of regional co-operation. Regional organisations have become an active player on the field of counteracting conflicts. The role of African and Asian regional organisations has been shown in the article and a number of new developments and experiences employed in the co-operation with the UN have been stressed (particularly in the area of combat operations techniques). At the same time the practice to combat armed conflicts in recent years has shown that the UN has lost its monopoly in this area. New players emerged on African and Asian arenas: NATO, EU, regional organisations and coalitions organised ad hoc to react to regional armed conflicts that are frequently able to employ forces exceeding the Blue Helmets’ potential. This enforces the co-ordination of activities and co-operation of international organisations with other forces basing on the established, multi-staged peace operations’ scheme functioning in the UN.
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