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1

Logistics in the process of enterprise management in conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic on the example of selected enterprises

Gąsowska Magdalena K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

159--177

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze and assess the role of logistics in the process of enterprise management during the COVID-19 pandemic on the example of selected manufacturing, trade and service enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: The article is based on the study of literature and own empirical research. The results of own empirical research presented in the study constitute the effects of more extensive research on an in-depth analysis of the logistics process management in Polish manufacturing, trade and service enterprises in 2019-2021 in the context of shaping enterprise results. The research was conducted in 2022 among 335 randomly selected small, medium and large Polish manufacturing, trade and service enterprises. Findings: The results of the research show that the strategic and operational management of logistics processes within the enterprise and between entities which are the links in the supply chain increasingly determined the economic and market results of the best surveyed enterprises and the supply chains they created during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thanks to adequately applied logistics to the occurred conditions, the best surveyed enterprises responded quickly and appropriately to the effects of the pandemic and created and maintained the competitive advantage. The analyzed enterprises did not use the full potential of logistics processes to reduce the negative influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their results. The research confirmed that logistics played an extremely important role in the process of enterprise management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research limitations/implications: The article presents only selected aspects of logistics in the process of enterprise management of the surveyed enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical implications: The article offers logistics managers practical suggestions on how to use logistics to achieve above-average economic and market results in conditions of a pandemic. Originality/value: The article fills the cognitive and empirical gap regarding logistics in the process of enterprise management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2

Analysis and evaluation of selected transport processes in the Armed Forces

Rykała Magdalena, Bawoł Piotr, Łojanowski Konrad, Patrejko Łukasz

Transport Samochodowy

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2023

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z. 2

26--34

EN

The article refers to the analysis of selected transport processes based on an example military unit specializing in anti-aircraft defence and destroying enemy firepower, command points, field fortifications and logistics. The first part presents an analysis of the literature on transport processes and specifications of military transport in the Armed Forces. Then, the characteristics of the examined military unit, its structure and the tasks of the fire squadrons and other subunits of the regiment were presented. The next part of the article consists of two subsections and focuses on the task assigned to the studied military unit, i.e. optimization of transport processes. An analysis of the transport of a selected range of munitions was presented, two different transport variants were calculated and conclusions and recommendations were presented.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy analizy wybranych procesów transportowych na podstawie przykładowej jednostki wojskowej, specjalizującej się w obronie przeciwlotniczej oraz niszczeniu siły ognia przeciwnika, punktów dowodzenia, fortyfikacji polowych i logistyki. W pierwszej części przedstawiono analizę literatury dotyczącą procesów transportowych oraz specyfikacje przewozów wojskowych w Siłach Zbrojnych. Następnie przedstawiono charakterystykę badanej jednostki wojskowej, jej strukturę oraz zadania dywizjonów ogniowych i pozostałych pododdziałów pułku. Kolejna część artykułu składa się z dwóch podsekcji i koncentruje się na zadaniu postawionym badanej jednostce wojskowej, czyli na optymalizacji procesów transportowych. Przedstawiono analizę przewozu wybranego asortymentu środków bojowych, obliczono dwa różne warianty transportu oraz zaprezentowano wnioski i rekomendacje.

3

Wpływ e-commerce na Przemysł 4.0

Łagutko Tomasz, Zagajewski Arkadiusz, Binek Zbigniew, Motykiewicz-Janiak Radosław, Kończak Adam

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2023

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Vol. 12, iss. 2

99--108

PL

Artykuł koncentruje się na specyfice modeli biznesowych przedsiębiorstw Przemysłu 4.0 w kontekście konkurencji w e-commerce uwzględniając popularne modele sprzedaży internetowej, takie jak sklepy internetowe i marketplace. Komponent technologiczny e-commerce oraz nacisk na innowacyjność w Przemyśle 4.0 stwarza ogromny potencjał biznesowy i rozwojowy, co implikuje znaczące korzyści w postaci m.in. zwiększenia efektywności produkcji, poprawy jakości obsługi klienta oraz wzrostu sprzedaży. Celem artykułu jest podkreślenie kluczowej roli danych jako łącznika oraz logistyki jako wspólnego elementu między branżą e-commerce a Przemysłem 4.0.

EN

An increasing number of exploiters (users and maintainers) of technical means requires taking action aimed at providing such people with appropriate living space, including in the workplace, which will be adapted to their needs and in which these means will fulfill their tasks in accordance with their intended use. The aim, as a result of which these activities are undertaken, should be to ensure appropriate conditions for functioning in the space in question. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods and techniques for assessing the quality of life that will enable the collection, processing and analysis of spatial data. This need prompted the author to review in the literature model solutions in the discussed area, taking into account the aspect of space, and to propose a concept of using the above-mentioned methods in improving the quality of life of the older people.

4

Changes in Cargo Movement due to the Effects of COVID-19

Suzuki Kuninori, Ikushima Yoshihide, Murayama Yoji

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

|

Vol. 29, Iss. 2

147--154

EN

This study analyses and discusses how the unique cargo movements in Japan and changes in the social environment during the COVID-19 pandemic have affected social life. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, cargo movements in Japan have undergone significant changes. This study analyses cargo movements in Japan by showing correlation coefficients to indicate the extent to which each industry was affected by the spread of the new coronavirus to infected persons. The heightened awareness of the pandemic caused by the state of emergency led to the closure of many stores and a decline in outbound shipments. Although the volume of incoming shipments increased, the volume of outgoing shipments did not. As a result, warehouse vacancy rates declined. Therefore, the study revealed that distribution centers in Japan are becoming more self-sufficient, and cloud-based logistics information systems are becoming more widely used.

5

Management of reduced CO2 emission production in meal delivery using Point To Point system

Kovač Vilém, Vochozka Marek, Fulajtárová Maria, Janíková Jana

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28, No. 2

142--160

EN

The goal of the paper was to propose a system of ready meal delivery in the Point To Point mode (PTP) that would lead to a reduction in delivery times and production of CO2 emissions compared to the standard in the Czech Republic. This study proposes a fresh approach with the potential to revolutionize the regional meal delivery sector by strategically integrating distribution centers and addressing economic factors. The appropriate location for distribution centers created for meal delivery to the final consumers can be determined using many methods. As the most suitable one, the center of gravity location method depending on the distance and number of orders and deliveries to given localities was selected. The calculation of the Return on Equity was used to determine the return on investment necessary for the implementation of the proposed solution. The research shows that the implementation of the proposed solution would reduce the production of CO2 by more than 12 %, along with the reduction of fuel and operating costs of vehicles used for delivery services. At the same time, it would be possible to shorten the delivery times by 40 %. The findings show that the average delivery time, which ranges from 66 to 116 minutes, has a substantial influence on competitiveness, resulting in customer attrition. The research also detects varied amounts of CO2 emissions, with the principal vehicle emitting 37.4 kg of CO2 each day. The suggested strategy emphasizes delivering meals to strategically located distribution centers while maintaining temperature and hygiene compliance. This strategy has the potential to minimize vehicle kilometers traveled and CO2 emissions, thereby improving operational efficiency. Finally, the research shows the potential for an innovative method to revolutionize food delivery services, benefiting both businesses and the environment.

PL

Celem artykułu było zaproponowanie systemu dostaw gotowych posiłków w trybie Point To Point (PTP), który doprowadziłby do skrócenia czasu dostawy i zmniejszenia emisji CO2 w porównaniu ze standardem obowiązującym w Czechach. Niniejsze badanie proponuje nowe podejście, które może zrewolucjonizować regionalny sektor dostaw posiłków poprzez strategiczną integrację centrów dystrybucji i uwzględnienie czynników ekonomicznych. Odpowiednią lokalizację dla centrów dystrybucyjnych stworzonych w celu dostarczania posiłków do konsumentów końcowych można określić za pomocą wielu metod. Jako najbardziej odpowiednią wybrano metodę lokalizacji środka ciężkości w zależności od odległości oraz liczby zamówień i dostaw do danych miejscowości. Obliczenie zwrotu z kapitału własnego zostało wykorzystane do określenia zwrotu z inwestycji niezbędnego do wdrożenia proponowanego rozwiązania. Badania wykazały, że wdrożenie proponowanego rozwiązania zmniejszyłoby produkcję CO2 o ponad 12%, wraz z redukcją kosztów paliwa i eksploatacji pojazdów wykorzystywanych do usług dostawczych. Jednocześnie możliwe byłoby skrócenie czasu dostawy o 40%. Ustalenia pokazują, że średni czas dostawy, który waha się od 66 do 116 minut, ma znaczący wpływ na konkurencyjność, powodując odpływ klientów. Badanie wykryło również zróżnicowane ilości emisji CO2, przy czym główny pojazd emitował 37,4 kg CO2 każdego dnia. Sugerowana strategia kładzie nacisk na dostarczanie posiłków do strategicznie zlokalizowanych centrów dystrybucji, przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu zgodności z przepisami dotyczącymi temperatury i higieny. Strategia ta może potencjalnie zminimalizować liczbę przejechanych kilometrów i emisję CO2, poprawiając tym samym wydajność operacyjną. Wreszcie, badania pokazują potencjał innowacyjnej metody rewolucjonizowania usług dostarczania żywności, z korzyścią zarówno dla firm, jak i środowiska.

6

The Use of Drones and Autonomous Vehicles in Logistics and Delivery

Nurgaliev Ian, Eskander Youssef, Lis Karolina

Logistics and Transport

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2023

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Vol. 57-58, No. 1-2

77--92

EN

The logistics and delivery industry is facing challenges such as high transportation costs, difficulty in meeting customer demands, and environmental concerns. However, the integration of drone and autonomous vehicle technology can address these challenges by reducing transportation costs, increasing speed and reliability of delivery, and improving efficiency. The use of drones and autonomous vehicles can bring significant benefits such as increased efficiency, cost savings, improved safety, increased accessibility, and real-time tracking. Despite the potential benefits, there are still regulatory, technical, and financial barriers to overcome before a widespread adoption of these technologies. The use of drones and autonomous vehicles in the logistics and delivery industry is rapidly growing, with companies like Amazon, UPS, DHL actively experimenting with the use of these technologies. However, there are several challenges and limitations that must be overcome before they can be widely adopted, such as safety and regulatory requirements, weather and environmental conditions, battery life and range, navigation, and public perception.

7

Logistic Organization Personnel - General Issues

Pawęska Marcin

Logistics and Transport

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2023

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Vol. 57-58, No. 1-2

5--16

EN

The article contains a presentation of the results of analyses of studies relating to investing in the personnel of modern organizations. Conclusions from these analyses were related to the need to improve competences by the personnel of logistics companies. The conditions of their functioning and the resulting need to improve or acquire new knowledge and qualifications by employees were emphasized. The role of managers in the process of influencing personnel was highlighted, mainly in the context of creating work teams and striving for their high efficiency.

8

Promoting healthcare technologies through sustainable supply chain operations: an empirical analysis of key success factors using the ISM-MICMAC approach

Waqas Muhammad, Yu Zhang, Khan Syed Abdul Rehman, Tanveer Muhammad, Ahmad Abdul-Rahim

LogForum

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2023

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Vol. 19, no. 1

91--126

EN

This study analyses key successful factors (KSFs) affecting health supply chains using a novel ISM-MICMAC methodology. Initially, KSFs were collected from past articles, which were later analyzed through the ISM-MICMAC methodology. Healthcare technologies (HCTs) are regarded as innovative and fastest-growing technologies and have seen advancement in the last few decades. Successful and sustainable delivery of health services is only possible through an effective supply chain and logistics network. However, HCTs confront pressure in healthcare supply chains due to different issues. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate KSFs affecting the successful delivery of HCTs supply chains. After obtaining data from experts, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) results indicated that initial capital, top management commitment, training & experience, new technology and information, information quality, and strategic partnership with suppliers are the most crucial KSFs HCTs supply chain in the Pakistani context. Furthermore, MICMAC analysis categorized KSFs with the help of their driving and dependence power. These results support health strategists and policymakers to understand the severity of the identified top five KSFs and act as a moderator to take care of these KSFs, which would ultimately contribute to the successful delivery of the health care supply chain and improvement of critical health services. This study's results would also be helpful for the supply chain managers of the manufacturing industry in the Pakistani context. This research is one of the initial studies to precisely explore KSFs affecting health supply chains using a novel ISM-MICMAC and categorize KSFs with the help of their driving and dependence power by applying MICMAC analysis in the Pakistani SCM context.

9

Effects of green supply chain management applications on operational, environmental and financial performance: company and final customers

Yıldız Ramazan, Göktepe Ahmet Orkun

LogForum

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2023

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Vol. 19, no. 1

33--45

EN

Background: Green supply chain management (GSCM) practices are vital to environmental protection. Many large-scale companies claim that GSCM applications are implemented in their business (with ISO 14001 documents, advertisements, etc.). The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationships between GSCM applications and the operational, environmental, and financial performance of the business. In addition, GSCM practices applied in the business ensure that what is done from the perspective of the final customer. It also determines the external pressures that affect the businesses most in protecting the environment. Methods: The study consists of two parts. The data in the first part includes the lower, middle and senior managers working in the construction sector operating in Turkey. The data in the second part includes the final customers located in Yenice, Çanakkale. Results: GSCM applications affect the operational, environmental, and financial performance of the business positively. Additionally, similar results were obtained for the final customers. However, there are differences in the degree of impact of both outcomes. Conclusions: GSCM applications in Turkey protect the environment while searching for the efficiency of the business. However, it seems that the GSCM applications of the business are not fully informed or understood by the final customers. In addition, business employees see that the first factor that will push people to become environmentalists is customer pressure, and the second is the pressure of nongovernmental organizations. The final customers, on the other hand, give priority to environmental awareness first and nongovernmental organizations second. State authority is in the third place.

10

Assessing the logistics market performance of developing countries by SWARA-CRITIC based CoCoSo methods

Özekenci Emre Kadir

LogForum

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2023

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Vol. 19, no. 3

375--394

EN

Background: The logistics market performance of developing countries has been measured by the Agility Emerging Markets Logistics Index [AEMLI] report since 2014. The main objective of this study is to propose a new model to assess the logistics market performance of developing countries and rank them based on this performance. Correspondingly, the AEMLI indicators were selected as the main criteria for assessing the logistics market performance of developing countries in this study. Methods: In the current study, the AEMLI indicators, which are domestic logistics opportunities [DLO], international logistics opportunities [ILO], business fundamentals [BF] and digital readiness [DR], were used as criteria to assess the logistics market performances of developing countries. First, the weights of the criteria were computed by a combination of subjective [SWARA] and objective [CRITIC] methods. Then, the CoCoSo method was used to rank developing countries according to their logistics market performance. Results: The findings indicate that BF is the most significant criterion, followed by ILO, DR and DLO. Based on the results of the proposed model, China, India, the United Arab Emirates [UAE], Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia had the best logistics market performance in 2022, while Angola, Myanmar, Mozambique, Venezuela, and Libya had the worst logistics market performance in 2022. Additionally, some differences in the ranking of developing countries according to logistics market performance can be observed in the proposed model compared to the AEMLI 2023 report. Conclusion: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to examine logistics market performance through the combination of two weighting methods (both subjective and objective). The current study also contributes to the existing literature by providing insight into logistics market performance for carriers, shippers, distributors, policy makers, and others who focus on the world’s emerging markets.

11

Particle swarm methods for transport and logistics optimization processes

Lisowski Józef

Journal of Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 5, No. 1

21--34

EN

This article describes heuristic approaches to static optimization methods, taking into account the nature of the motion of a swarm of particles representing, for example, birds, ants, bees, fireflies, bats, krill, cuckoos, cuttlefish, cockroaches, or the pollination process of flowers. In the given descriptions of the methods, the features of swarm intelligence are detailed, the optimization quality indicators are formulated, and flow charts of the computational algorithms are provided.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono heurystyczne metody optymalizacji statycznej wykorzystujące naturalne zasady ruchu roju cząstek – ptaków, mrówek, pszczół, świetlików, nietoperzy, kryli, kukułek, mątw, karaluchów i zapylania kwiatów. Dla każdej z metod opisano cechę inteligencji roju, przedstawiono postać funkcji celu oraz podano zasadę działania algorytmu optymalizacji.

12

Zastosowanie metod uczenia maszynowego do przewidywania ryzyka uszkodzeń towarów

Wyrembek Mateusz

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2023

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nr 1

58--66

PL

Zapotrzebowanie transportowe z roku na rok zwiększa się. Dzieje się tak z powodu wzrostu produkcji i konsumpcji. Czym dłuższy jest łańcuch dostaw, tym większe są możliwości wystąpienia w nim zakłóceń, gdyż wszystkie operacje wiążą się z ryzykiem. Jednakże o ryzyku w kontekście łańcucha dostaw i zarządzania nim mówi się od niedawna. Niestety żadna branża nie jest odporna na przewidywalne i nieprzewidywalne zakłócenia, które wywołują straty (np. zaginięcie towaru). Z punktu widzenia przewoźników istotna byłaby możliwość przewidzenia wystąpienia np. uszkodzenia towaru. Artykuł koncentruje się na wykorzystaniu metod uczenia maszynowego do przewidzenia ryzyka uszkodzeń towarów (takich jak sprzęt RTV, AGD czy telefony/komputery) w transporcie drogowym. W ramach badań wykorzystano pięć inteligentnych metod: regresję logistyczną, maszynę wektorów nośnych (SVM); drzewo decyzyjne; naiwny klasyfikator bayesowski; AdaBoost. Natomiast celem jest przedstawienie koncepcji oraz wymienionych metod uczenia maszynowego, miar oceniających wydajność modeli oraz wyników związanych z przeprowadzonym badaniem. Postawiony cel zdeterminował wybór metod badawczych – wykorzystano analizę literatury oraz programowanie. W ostatniej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki otrzymane z analizy pięciu modeli. W ramach badań ustalono, że najlepszą zdolność predykcyjną ma AdaBoost.

EN

The transport demand is increasing year by year. This is because of the increase in production and consumption. The longer the supply chain is, the more likely it is to be disrupted, as all operations involve risks. However, risk in the context of the supply chain and its management has recently been discussed. Unfortunately, no industry is immune to predictable and unpredictable disruptions that affect losses (e.g. loss of goods). From the point of view of carriers, it would be important to be able to predict the occurrence of, for example, damage to the goods. The article focuses on the use of machine learning methods to predict the risk of damage to goods (such as electronics, household appliances or telephones/computers) in road transport. The research used five intelligent methods such as: logistic regression; support vector machine (SVM); decision tree; naive Bayesian classifier; AdaBoost. The aim of the paper is to present the concept and the above-mentioned methods of machine learning, measures assessing the performance of models and the results related to the conducted research. The set goal determined the choice of the research methods – literature analysis and programming were used. The last part of the article presents the results obtained from the analysis of five models. The research established that AdaBoost has the best predictive ability.

13

Optymalizacja jako wyzwanie dla menedżerów ds. logistyki

Smyk Stanisław

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2023

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nr 1

7--16

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań odzwierciedlające istotę optymalizacji w logistyce i wymagania z tym związane. W praktyce – w ocenie autora – pojęcie to jest nadużywane ze względu na brak świadomości, że w większości sytuacji decyzyjnych dąży się do racjonalizacji działalności logistycznej, optymalizacja w decyzjach logistycznych powinna zaś polegać na jednoznacznym określeniu kryterium i wykorzystaniu określonego modelu obliczeniowego. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej z nich zostały przedstawione cechy wspólne i różnice racjonalizacji i optymalizacji. Druga część zawiera wyniki badań odzwierciedlające miejsce modeli optymalizacyjnych w typologii modeli. Część trzecia przedstawia logistyczne modele optymalizacyjne najczęściej wykorzystywane w praktyce przez menedżerów ds. logistyki. Jednym z priorytetów menedżerów ds. logistyki jest dążenie do zwiększania efektywności ekonomicznej procesów logistycznych. Wielowymiarowość logistyki niejako naturalnie komplikuje podejmowanie decyzji, a poszukiwanie rozwiązania optymalnego – optymalnej decyzji logistycznej – nie jest przedsięwzięciem jednoznacznym, oczywistym. Zasadne jest zatem określenie warunków, jakie należy spełnić, aby mówić o podejmowaniu decyzji optymalnych. Opisana sytuacja jest sytuacją problemową, która w zasadniczy sposób zdeterminowała badania i układ treści artykułu jako efektu tych badań.

EN

The article presents the results of research reflecting the essence of optimization in logistics and the requirements related to it. In practice – in the author's opinion – this term is overused due to the lack of awareness that in most decision-making situations, the aim is to rationalize logistics activities and optimization in logistics decisions should consist in clearly defining the criterion and using specific computational model. The article consists of three parts. In the first of them, common features and differences of rationalization and optimization were presented. The second part contains the results of research reflecting the place of optimization models against the background of model typologies. The third part presents logistic optimization models most often used in practice by logistic managers. One of the priorities of logistics managers is to strive to increase the economic efficiency of logistics processes. The multidimensionality of logistics somehow naturally complicates decision-making and the search for an optimal solution – the optimal logistics decision – is not an unambiguous, obvious undertaking. It is therefore reasonable to define the conditions that must be met in order to talk about making optimal decisions. The described situation is a problematic situation that fundamentally determined the research and the arrangement of the content of the article as the result of this research.

14

Sorting, Logistics and Secondary Use of Solid Household Waste in Ukraine on the Way to European Integration

Tokarchuk Dina, Pryshliak Natalia, Yaremchuk Natalia, Berezyuk Sergiy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

207--220

EN

The study is aimed at solving the problem that has arisen in Ukraine in the field of household waste management, namely the generation, accumulation, storage, processing and disposal of waste. This issue is of particular importance for the population of each country, which is explained by the extremely negative impact of waste and landfields on the health and quality of life of the population, as well as the ecological situation of the respective territories. The purpose of the study is to improve the sorting, logistics and secondary use of solid household waste in Ukraine by adapting the waste management system in Ukraine to EU requirements. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that the volumes of waste generation are quite significant in different countries, their morphological composition varies depending on the level of economic development of countries, the level of application of advanced technologies, etc. The authors’ logically ordered scheme of domestic waste management in Ukraine showed a number of shortcomings: lack of deep separation of waste and practically no motivation to use solid waste for energy. As a result of the research, the authors suggested using eight containers for sorting household waste, which will become the basis for its further efficient use as a secondary resource. The authors proposed a system for improving the logistics chain of waste management, in particular, proposed vacuum transportation of sorted waste to processing lines, which will ensure the environmental friendliness of useful disposal processes. An analysis of the experience of the secondary use of solid waste in different countries showed the prevalence of energy utilization of waste, the current level of which in Ukraine is insignificant. In connection with the invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, the volumes of waste generation of all types increased. There is an urgent need to use the bioenergy potential of waste in connection with the energy crisis caused by hostilities and fuel shortages. The concept of sustainable development of the field of solid waste management, which is based on economic, social, ecological and energy effects, with the interaction of which the phenomenon of synergy takes place, is substantiated.

15

Packaging Waste Research Responding to the Rise of Transport and Logistics Volumes during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Pečman Jan, Vrábel Ján, Mašek Jaroslav, Šedivý Josef, Stopková Mária, Bartuška Ladislav

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2023

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Vol. 101, nr 3

50--66

EN

The management of packaging material and its transport flow, including waste management, has become the focus of attention in recent decades, not least because of the emphasis on the requirements of sustainable development. Due to ever-increasing volume various types of packages, i. e. coming not only from industrial production, transport and trade, where its management is regulated, organized and controlled, but also packaging waste that is generated in households and where this waste ends at best sorted into containers according to material and in the worst case as municipal waste, or it is used as fuel in the incinerator. Author´s team defined the research idea in the direction of packaging waste, coming from online shopping, logistics and shipment distribution. The research was conducted over the year 2021 in the Czech Republic, during the Covid-19 pandemic, when online shopping was on its rise and, for many people, it became as a partly substitute for regular shopping in the future. In regard to an analytical part of the research, specific empirical methods were applied. The research hypothesis is evaluated statistically using a pairwise test. The presentation of the research per se is preceded by a literature review with citations of legislative articles and scientific papers related to the topic discussed. This section is followed by a description of the paradox in terms of online trading. The next part of the article presents the research findings, their summary and related conslusions.

16

Analysis of the development of e-commerce in Poland from 2010-2020 and its impact on the transport sector

Macioszek Elżbieta, Jurdana Irena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 116

197--209

EN

Trade with the use of internet technology (e-commerce) provides new opportunities for expansion on a larger scale for already existing business entities and offers prospects for rapid development for new companies. This is possible due to the low entry barriers that encourage the sale of products. Online retail trade is gaining increased popularity in Poland. This article aims to analyze e-commerce development in Poland from 2010-2020. This analysis is based on data from the Central Statistical Office. The results of the analysis clearly show that the share of purchases made via the internet has been systematically growing from year to year. This growth contributes to the faster development of transport logistics, as well as the transport of the goods itself.

17

The concept a logistic network organization Lviv-Rzeszow

Reshetnikova Olga, Dyczkowska Joanna, Olkiewicz Marcin

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

513--524

EN

Purpose: This publication focuses on issues related to logistics management. The aim of this publication is to show the possibility of creating a logistics center within logistic networks. Design/methodology/approach: This publication uses a conceptual method based on observations, sales forecasts and distance analysis of logistics centers. Findings: The analysis of the collected and presented data as part of the concept of creating a logistics center Lviv-Rzeszów shows that such an action is justified, in particular in economic terms. The study shows that the optimization of processes as part of the implementation of the concept would allow for many benefits for the economy and regional development, as well as for the transport and logistics industry itself. Research Limitation/implication: During the study, there were limitations related to obtaining empirical data. The most important implication of the study is the statement that the planned investment will bring significant benefits to entrepreneurs and other market stakeholders. Originality/Value of paper: The publication showed the possibilities of using the new logistics center Lviv-Rzeszów and its impact regional and business development.

18

Perspective of future use of autonomous robots in e-commerce

Panasewicz Klaudia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

473--487

EN

Purpose: Identification of the barriers and determinants of the use of autonomous robots in e-commerce. Design/methodology/approach: The research procedure included a review of Polish and foreign literature and survey research. The paper presents the results of a Delphi study among 25 experts of courier services. Findings: The use of autonomous robots may be one of the solutions that will contribute to the improvement of the functionality of processes in enterprises. The process of implementing autonomous robots is associated with building a relationship based on trust between the user and technology Research limitations/implications: Limitations of the conducted research reflects to only one Delphi round. Practical implications: The results of the study may be helpful for transport companies and courier companies in improving the process of delivering parcels. They can be used for elaboration policy, tools and instrument for the purposes of limitation identified under the study main barriers of the application of autonomous robots in the e-commerce. Originality/value: The presented research and conclusions provide practical tips for transport and delivery companies on how to use autonomous robots to improve the process of delivering parcels in the e-commerce sector, based on the results obtained from the Delphi study.

19

Managing the distribution process with an example of the FMCG market

Kabus Judyta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 160

275--286

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the problems and challenges faced by organisation of distribution logistics with a selected example. Comparing the company to the competition and focusing on the problems and challenges faced by the studied enterprise on the market of fast-moving consumer goods. Design/methodology/approach: The subject of the study is the evaluation of distribution channels of the selected enterprise through the analytical and point method. Findings: The obtained results, thanks to the use of the analytical-point method and the efficiency index of distribution channels, indicate that for the surveyed enterprise, Eurocash distribution channels are not sufficiently effective. The indicator of distribution costs in sales compared to the competition is the highest. Several factors had an impact on such results. Research limitations/implications: However, the issues presented in the paper regarding the problems and challenges of distribution organization cannot be considered as exhaustive, because the discussed topics constitute a multifaceted and interdisciplinary research area. The study would be more complete if the management of distribution logistics on the FMCG market were presented based on the changes caused by the Sars-Cov-19 pandemic. Practical implications: The conducted research draws attention to the effectiveness of distribution channels on the FMCG market. The article may be useful for enterprises providing services in this business sector. Social implications: The article shows the importance of making decisions in the area of distribution processes that significantly affect the entire supply chain, and thus customer service. The use of optimal distribution channels affects the efficiency of logistics services, contributing to an improvement in the quality of service provided to the final recipient and the competitiveness of the company on the FMCG market. Originality/value: The work is addressed to entrepreneurs operating in the FMCG industry. As well as all those interested in the subject of logistics, management and distribution on the market of fast-moving consumer goods.

20

Improving business maintenance processes using Lean Manufacturing tools - case study

Radecka Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

395--405

EN

Objective: The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate the introduction of selected Lean Manufacturing tools into the management of a given enterprise, the task of which is to increase the efficiency of the machine park and improve the quality of finished products. The introduced changes are also expected to increase the detectability of waste, avoid unnecessary stopping of machines and unplanned stoppages. Design/methodology/approach: As part of the research, the internal materials of the surveyed company were analyzed and free interviews with employees and specialists of the plant were conducted. An efficiency analysis of the production process was carried out. Findings: In order for the improvement of technical progress to function well, the requirement of an appropriate technical condition and the course of technical progress. The entire process flow of the product should be analyzed. Research limitations/implications: Subjectivity of the analysis thanks to the use of a qualitative approach in research. Future research may be related to creating a mentoring program in the area of interest. Practical implications: The results of the study can be used as input data for the design of training programs in the study area. Social implications: The concept of lean manufacturing is a tool for constant changes that can be observed both in the modern economy and in society. They require dynamic flexibility from entrepreneurs and looking for solutions that can optimize production processes. The concept includes a slogan such as corporate social responsibility, which grew out of sustainable development. It is prioritized by managers of various companies. Therefore, this work deals with the subject of Lean Management as an instrument of responsible business. Originality/value: This article is addressed mainly to companies that want to implement and improve Lean Manufacturing tools. It shows how companies can improve selected areas of production.