Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

A long-term study of carex vesicaria and phalaris arundinacea population dynamics in permanent plots

Odland Arvid

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2023

|

Vol. 71, nr 2-3

49--57

EN

It is well known that the population structure of plants in permanent plots change from year to year. Species abundances probably shift with time due to both species biology and variation in environmental factors. The main purpose of the study has been to describe and analyse long-term variation in the abundance (coverage) of blister sedge Carex vesicaria and reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea in relation to time and space after a permanent lowering of a lake water level and exposition of new areas for species colonization. The study area lies in outer edge of a freshwater fluvial delta in the northern part of the Myrkdalen lake (229 m a.s.l.) West Norway, which was exposed after a permanent 1.4 m lowering of the summer water level in 1987. A 40 m long transect with ten 0.5 m × 4 m plot was established on the lower parts of the exposed delta in 1987. Study plots were situated at mean heights between 13 and 92 cm above the new summer water level. Floristic composition of the plots was monitored and analysed from 1988 to 2020, a total of 19 times. The plants show major differences in establishment, growth, and long-time dynamics in the permanent plots. The coverage of C. vesicaria and P. arundinacea was highly variable over the study period. Variations in coverage were related to time using regression analyses. The trends were mostly best described by cubic functions. Both species showed relatively low coverages between 18 and 26 years after the lake water drawdown, but increased again over the last study periods. Maximum coverage of the species was in time gradually separated by elevation. C. vesicaria became dominant in plots less than ca. 50 cm above the mean summer water, and P. arundinacea reached higher coverage above that elevation. The study indicates that elevation, as a proxy for flooding duration, and not aboveground species competition was the main factor for this difference in distribution.

2

Above- and belowground habitat complexity created by emergent and submerged vegetation drives the structure of benthic assemblages

Pawlikowski Krzysztof, Kornijów Ryszard

Oceanologia

|

2023

|

Vol. 65 (2)

358--370

EN

The contrast in habitat complexity between emergent (EMV) and submerged vegetation (SUV) zones in aquatic ecosystems results from the differences in the structure of plant above- and belowground parts, subject to seasonal changes. Comparative studies on the influence of habitat complexity created by vegetation on benthic macroinvertebrates in coastal areas are scarce. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we performed a study on a seasonal basis in the brackish Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea) in two zones: EMV, dominated by a dense belt of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud, and SUV, with scattered stands of Potamogeton perfoliatus L. We assumed the following: i. Species richness, diversity, and density of invertebrates are higher in the EMV zone due to greater and less seasonally variable structural complexity than in the SUV zone, ii. High belowground complexity in the EMV zone due to the presence of the rhizome/root matrix, much more robust and denser than in the SUV zone limits the vertical distribution of macroinvertebrates. Both hypotheses were supported. Overall, our results pointing to higher animal diversity and density in more complex aquatic habitats are consistent with other studies, inferred mostly from comparative surveys of bare bottom and that covered with submerged vegetation. The results of this study highlight potentially far-reaching implications for benthic invertebrate fauna and their role in the aquatic ecosystem in the context of increasingly rapid loss of aquatic vegetation due to multiple anthropogenic stressors.

3

Effect of the Depollution Project on The Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Rabat’s Coastal Waters

Idrissi Youssef, Hamdouni Soraya EL, Cherkaoui Essediya, Khamar Mohamed, Nounah Abderrahman

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 8

321--328

EN

Morocco’s Atlantic coast, faces significant anthropogenic disturbances, leading to pollution in its waters used for various purposes. The primary objective of this study is to shed light on how the depollution project, a crucial part of the Bouregreg valley development plan, has influenced the coastal area of the city. This has been achieved through a comprehensive analysis of the water quality, focusing on both physico-chemical characteristics and bacteriological aspects. Thirteen specific physico-chemical parameters and fecal pollution indicators were meticulously monitored along the coastline. The goal was to gain insights into how water quality has changed over time and across different locations. The results of this investigation have revealed the substantial impact of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) on the area, with varying degrees of efficiency observed, such as 63.04% for turbidity, 52.21% for BOD5, and 40% for organic matter.

4

Vascular plant succession on an exposed fluvial delta plain after a permanent lake water level drawdown : a 33-year time course

Odland Arvid

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 2-3

79--88

EN

A permanent lake water level drawdown initiates a vegetation succession on exposed sediments. This study aims to quantify long-term vascular plant changes on the sediments in time (number of years after drawdown) and space (elevation above the new water level). Shortly after a 1.4 m permanent drawdown of Myrkdalen lake, W Norway, a 40 m long transect running from the original lowermost vegetation toward the new water level was established. Species cover percentages in the 2 m2 study plots were determined by visual estimates and data sampling was performed from 1988 until 2020; in total, 19 times. During the study period both mean richness and plant percentage cover varied significantly in relation to space and time. Carex vesicaria and Phalaris arundinacea increased gradually especially in the lower parts. The successional changes as quantified by a DCA ordination showed rapid changes during the first 15-20 years, but later the vegetation appeared to be more stabilized. Elevation explained the mean floristic variation in a linear fashion while a quadratic model better explained the variation in relation to time. Variation in summer and June water level explained a small part of the succession change during the study period.

5

Dynamics of phosphorus in lacustrine sediments: the process of uptake/release of dissolved reactive phosphorus by sediments in different habitats and lakes

Rzepecki M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2012

|

Vol. 60, nr 4

717--740

EN

Lake eutrophication and its consequences is still an important water quality problem being an effect of nutrient input to surface waters. In most lakes of the temperate zone, phosphorus is the nutrient responsible for eutrophication. Bottom sediments are the main pool involved in the retention and cycling of this element. Bottom sediments, depending on their chemical composition and aeration of the overlying water, may take up or release dissolved phosphorus i.e. the form easy utilizable by the plants. This study was aimed at comparing the exchange (uptake/release) of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in experiments that simulated natural conditions in various types of bottom sediments originating from different river-lake habitats typical of Masurian Lakeland (north-east Poland). Several river-lake systems typical for postglacial landscape were selected like river Jorka (15 km long, 5 lakes in cascade) and river Krutynia (~100 km long flowing through 17 lakes). Sediments used in experiments were taken from the littoral and profundal zones of four lakes (meso- meso-eu-, eutrophic and hypertrophic), from a humic lake and from ecotone zones at the land-water border and at the border between lake and river (from through-flow lakes). In total, 154 experiments were performed to assess the intensity of P exchange at a high (> 8 mg O2 L-1) and low (<2 mg O2 L-1) concentration of oxygen in water overlying undisturbed sediment cores. The following P fractions were isolated using the sequential extraction method and their importance was further analysed: easily exchangeable P (NH4Cl-RP – loosely bound, most available P; BD-RP – redox-dependent P associated with metal (Fe, Mn) hydroxides; NaOH-RP – phosphorus adsorbed mainly on metal (Fe, Al) oxides), hardly exchangeable P (BD-NRP – mainly organic P, whose stability depends on redox potential; NaOH-NRP – phosphorus in microorganisms, polyphosphates and part of organic P bound to detritus and humic substances) and non-exchangeable P (HCl-P – phosphorus bound to carbonates, apatite-P and phosphorus released during total dissolution of metal oxides; P-residual – non-exchangeable P together with part of organic P). The effect of various factors (i.e. Fe, Mn, Mg, Al, Ca, organic matter, total P content and its fractions) on the intensity of DRP uptake/release was analysed with Pearson correlation and multiple regression. In sediments (both littoral and profundal) from lakes of the Jorka River trophic gradient, high oxygen conditions were always accompanied by P uptake (from –0.9 to –2.8 mg P m-2 d-1) while reduced oxygen concentrations were followed by DRP release (from 2.3 to 18.6 mg P m-2 d-1). These values were several dozen times higher than those noted for sediments from humic lake. Profundal sediments released more P than the littoral ones. In profundal sediments of all lakes of the Jorka River, the intensity of DRP release to overlying water under reduced O2 concentrations was higher than the uptake rate under aerobic conditions. It means that DRP release prevailed over its uptake. Release rate of DRP tended to be higher from sediments of eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes than from those of meso- and mesoeutrophic lakes both in the two studied habitats (littoral, profundal) and seasons (spring and summer). Sediments of humic lake (from both littoral and profundal zones) showed a low dynamics of DRP uptake/release with a small prevalence of the latter (0.02 to 0.08 mg P m-2 d-1). River-lake-river sediments (from the inflows and outflows of the Krutynia River to a lake) were different in comparison with typical lake sediments – they released DRP to aerated overlying water in both meso- and meso-eutrophic lake. Phosphorus was released from in-shore bog sediments at reduced oxygen concentration in overlying water in both seasons (spring and summer) while under aerobic conditions DRP was weakly taken up and/or released. Fe, Mn, Mg, total P content and redox-dependent easily exchangeable BD-RP fraction had a significant effect on the intensity of P uptake at high concentration of oxygen and P release under reduced oxygen concentration (Pearson correlation, P <0.01). Factor analysis showed that at a high O2 concentration the intensity of DRP uptake by sediments was determined by redoxdependent fraction of P bound to Fe and Mn hydroxides (BD-RP) and the P fraction bound to carbonates and apatite (HCl-P) (r2 = 0.48). At reduced O2 concentration in overlying water the intensity of DRP release was affected by redox-dependent fraction of P associated with Fe and Mn hydroxides (BD-RP), P fraction bound to metal oxides (NaOH-RP), organic P in detritus, P in microorganisms and combined in humic substances (NaOH-NRP) and P fraction bound to carbonates and apatites (HCl-P) (r2 = 0.63). Sediments from eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes in the lower course of the Jorka River are most intensively eutrophicated. They showed the highest values of DRP release and the predominance of P release over P uptake was the highest (up to seven fold). Sediments of these lakes contained the highest amounts of redox-dependent elements – Fe and Mn. Hence, these lakes easily accumulate phosphorus at high concentrations of oxygen but equally easily release it when oxygen in water is depleted. More stable are meso- and meso-eutrophic lakes situated higher in the Jorka River system. Sediments of these lakes released smaller amounts of DRP than eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes and the prevalence of DRP release over uptake was threefold. In-shore bog sediments form a stable system when overlying waters are rich in oxygen. Under reduced oxygen concentrations, however, these habitats become an important P source (comparable with profundal sediments) for lake littoral zone in case of their close contact with lake waters. A system able to bind phosphorus stronger and faster will hamper the delivery of available P to lake water and thus will delay lake eutrophication; that able to release P will accelerate eutrophication. In this case, internal loading may have a decisive effect on the lake trophic status. Profundal mid-lake sites, in-shore bogs and to a smaller extent littoral sediments (gyttja type) are the systems accelerating eutrophication. Humic lake sediments (dy type) are more equilibrated among the studied systems – the differences between uptake and release are small there.

6

Middle Miocene deposits in Carpathian Foredeep : facies analysis and implications for hydrocarbon reservoir prospecting

Lis P., Wysocka A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

|

2012

|

Vol. 82, No. 3

239–-253

EN

This sedimentological study was based on well cores from the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Carpa- thian Foredeep. It revealed general heterogeneity of facies in the middle Miocene of the sedimentary succession in the basin. Fourteen sedimentary facies were distinguished and their origin was interpreted: massive, non-graded sandstones; normal-graded, massive sandstones, with and without a stratified uppermost part; hydroplastically deformed sandstones; planar-parallel-stratified sandstones; trough-cross-stratified sandstones; ripple-cross-lami- nated sandstones; heterolithic deposits, composed of thinly interlayered sandstone and mudstone; massive and laminated mudstones; and basal gypsum/anhydrite evaporites, often intercalated with mudstone. Four main modalities of vertical facies organization were recognized and attributed to the following environments: (1) the mid-late Badenian, shoal-water, evaporitic environment that preceded the latest Badenian–early Sarmatian, main phase of foredeep development; (2) a littoral, tidal environment of the inner parts of storm-influenced, coastal bays and tidal flats or possibly spit-sheltered lagoons; (3) a wave-dominated, littoral, sandy environment, considered to be shoreface, extended by waves, in front of advancing deltas; and (4) a neritic to subneritic, muddy, offshore slope, characterized by frequent incursions of tempestite and turbidite sand. The study contributed to a better understanding of the mid-Miocene depositional systems in the basin, with significant implications for ongoing hydrocarbon exploration. Interpretations of the origins of potential reservoir sandstones provided important information on their possible stratigraphic distribution in the basin fill. The potential, economic importance of stratigraphic hydrocarbon traps underscored the urgent need for a full-scale facies analysis and fully cored wells in strategic parts of the basin.

7

Rotifera communities associated with invasive Vallisneria spiralis L. (Hydrocharitaceae) versus native macrophytes in the lakes heated by power stations (Konin lakes, W. Poland)

Ejsmont-Karabin J., Hutorowicz A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 3

569-576

EN

The role that invasive Vallisneria spiralis L. plays in determining the species richness of the rotifer community was examined in the littoral zone of two heated (by power stations) lakes near Konin (W. Poland) (Lake Licheńskie - area 153.6 ha, max. depth 13.3 m and Lake Ślesińskie - area 148.1 ha, max. depth 25.7 m). Vallisneria spiralis is a thermophilic and vegetative reproducing species which has been recorded in the lakes since the 1990s. It spreads very quickly in the lakes, forming monospecific, dense beds which, force out all other submerged vegetation. Samples were collected in August 2004 on 8 littoral stations of Lake Licheńskie and Ślesińskie. Five-liter samples of water (plankton species) and macrophytes (epiphytic species) were elaborated separately. An analysis of the taxonomic structure of rotifer communities inhabiting single-species Vallisneria beds and mixed-species (Vallisneria plus other macrophyte species) beds showed that both communities were relatively rich in species and similar in terms of species composition. A total of 100 species of Monogononta were identified. Single-species Vallisneria beds were inhabited by 77 species, whereas 82 species were found at stations with mixed vegetation. Species diversity was relatively high in both types of macrophyte assemblages. Numbers of rotifer species inhabiting the single-species Vallisneria beds are among the average values observed in a littoral zone rich in macrophyte species from lakes of different morphometry and trophic state. The above observations confirm part of the conclusions from literature that invasions by new plant species do not always lead to a decline in the habitat value for native animals. Otherwise, the invaded plant creates the habitat easily colonized by the native plankton and epiphytic invertebrates.

8

The dynamics of phosphorus in lacustrine sediments : contents and fractions in relation to lake trophic state and chemical composition of bottom deposits

Rzepecki M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

Vol. 58, nr 3

409-427

EN

Phosphorus is still recognized as the element driving the matter cycling in freshwater ecosystems. It is the key nutrient in productivity and eutrophication process of lakes and reservoirs. The bottom sediments cumulatively formed inside and in-shore of lakes play a crucial role in accumulation/sorption of phosphorus organic compounds, as well as in release/desorption of the compounds available for uptake by producers and microbial heterotrophs. These two opposite processes are dependent on the chemical composition of sediments and on the site conditions (like oxygen, pH) in over-bottom layers. About three hundred of the sediment surface layer samples were taken from the lacustrine habitats in a variety of lakes typical for postglacial landscape (Masurian Lakeland, Poland): profundal and littoral zones in lakes forming a trophic gradient including a humic lake, river/lake ecotone zone and wetland sites adjacent to lake shoreline. The contents of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and Al were analysed as well as the amount of total P (TP) and its three basic groups i.e. easily exchangeable, hardly exchangeable and non-exchangeable fractions. It was found that the sediments of humic lake had the most different, distinct chemical composition and contained very small amounts of Fe, Mn, Mg and Ca - nearly 30 times less than sediments of other, non-humic lakes. These sediments contained the most of organic matter and similar (as in non-humic lakes) amounts of TP whose dominant part (80%) consists of hardly exchangeable organic fraction. Sediments of lakes forming the trophic gradient along the small (15 km long) river (Jorka River) showed consistent changes in the chemical composition. Sediments of lakes situated up the river system (meso- and meso-eutrophic lakes) had higher content of organic matter and Ca but lower content of TP, Fe and Mg than sediments of lakes in the lower part of the river system (eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes). The content of these elements was also higherin profundal than in littoral sediments. Significantly higher content (40-70%) of non-exchangeable P was found in sediments of eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes than in sediments of meso- and meso-eutrophic lakes (30-60%) in both the littoral and profundal zones. Sediments of the river-lake-river ecotones (Krutynia River) showed also the consistent changes of element content along the river flow through the lake. The amount of TP was lower in riverine sediments down and upstream the lake than in lake sediments. Organic matter and Fe contents were lower and Ca, Mg, Mn and Al contents were higher in river-lake-river ecotones or similar to those in sediments of the lakes from the trophic gradient. Easily exchangeable phosphorus prevailed in lake sediments; TP in riverine sediments was dominated by hardly exchangeable and non-exchangeable forms and was similar to that found in littoral sediments of lakes from the trophic gradient. Inshore wetland sediments were characterized by a highcontent of organic matter - higher than in littoral and profundal sediments of lakes forming the trophic gradient. The content of Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe was two to five times lower than in sediments of lakes from the trophic gradient but similar to sediments of humic lake. They also contained less TP than profundal sediments from the trophic gradient and humic lakes but had similar content to littoral and riverine sediments. As in the case of profundal and riverine sediments, non-exchangeable and hardly exchangeable P fractions dominated TP content in wetland inshore sediments. Almost all phosphorus a ccumulated in these sediments is associated with a high organic matter deposition. The study results concern the basic types of lake and lacustrine habitats representative for the postglacial landscape of north and north-east Europe. A significant diversity of sediment origin, chemical composition and phosphorus amount and its potential mobility was found among the sediment types. The wetland and humic sediments appeared to be active in cumulation and stabilisation of P resources while sediment of nonhumic, trophic lakes (especially in profundal zoners) are the active sites for P release and sorption processes.

9

The diurnal distribution of the zooplankton community of the littoral zone of Lake Wielkowiejskie (Wielkopolski National Park, Poland)

Kuczyńska-Kippen N., Milecka E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2009

|

Vol. 38, No.2

91-98

EN

The main aim of this study was to analyze the diel distribution of zooplankton communities within the zones of Nymphaea albae, Myriophyllum verticillatum, and Typha angustifolia, and, compared to that, in the open water area of a lake. It also aimed to analyze the relationship between zooplankton densities and the concentration of physicochemical factors and chlorophyll a content. A total of 149 zooplankton taxa were noted, and, despite the narrow range of the research in the analyzed lake, some rare species were noted, among which two - Colurella sinistra and Lecane inopinata – were recorded for the first time among Polish fauna. The rush zone was taxonomically the richest, while the open water area was the poorest. The highest number of individuals was observed in the Myriophyllum bed, while the lowest was noted in the zone dominated by Nymphaea alba. The highest densities of zooplankton occurred at dusk, while the lowest occurred during the day, irrespective of the sampling station. Because Lake Wielkowiejskie is a shallow and macrophyte-dominated water body, the differences in the diurnal distribution of zooplankton communities may suggest horizontal migrations between the pelagic zone and the phytolittoral, as well as between particular macrophyte stands. A positive correlation between the densities of some zooplankters and the concentration of chlorophyll a was found, while a negative relationship with the concentration of nitrites was recorded for Lecane quadridentata and Alonella nana.

10

Periphytic ciliates in littoral zone of three lakes of different trophic status

Mieczan T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2005

|

Vol. 53, nr 4

489-502

EN

Periphytic ciliate communities were investigated in three lakes of different trophic status of the Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District (Eastern Poland). Observations were made of the periphyton growing on glass-slides. Samples were taken from April to November 2000-2001. Once a month, four periphyton samples were collected in littoral zone. Seventy three ciliate taxa occurred in the studied lakes. The biggest number, 60 species, was found in eutrophic lake, a little less, 55 species, in mesotrophic lake and the least, 49 species, in dystrophic lake. The lowest density was observed in mesotrophic lake and it was 13x103 ind. m-2, being a little higher in dystrophic lake - 16x103 ind. m-2, and the highest - 20x103 ind. m-2 in eutrophic lake. All of the studied lakes were generally dominated by ciliates belonging to the order Cyrtophorida (Chilodonella uncinata Ehrenberg 1983) constituted >30% of the total numbers. In all lakes bacterivorous ciliates occurred in the highest numbers (>50%), while algivorous and histophagous . in the lowest (<5%). In the eutrophic and dystrophic lakes the proportion of omnivorous and predatory species was high. The number of significant correlations differed among lakes. In mesotrophic lake the correlation between ciliates abundance and total organic carbon was found. In eutrophic lake total number of ciliates was positively correlated with the conductivity, TP and TOC. In dystrophic lake the correlations between ciliates abundance and abiotic parameters were not observed. In mesotrophic and dystrophic lakes the content of organic matter positively correlated with the biomass of ciliates, while in eutrophic lake conductivity showed positive correlation with their biomass.

11

Horizontal distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton from the littoral towards open waters under wind stress

Żurek R., Bucka H.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2004

|

Vol. 33, No. 3

69--81

EN

The distribution of algae and zooplankton on two transects across reed and Polygonum stands was observed. The algal community in the Polygonum stand had a mosaic structure mainly comprised of green algae plus desmids and diatoms (Pediastrum simplex, Scenedesmus acutus, Closterium ehrenbergii), whereas blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) Microcystis aeruginosa and Woronichinia naegeliana dominated from the reed boundary towards open waters. Some species, such as Euchlanis dilatata, prefer to be associated with plants, while others, like Synchaeta kitina, are more numerous in open waters. On a windward shore, wind at a velocity of 4 – 5 m s-1 caused a slow back current from 8 to 18 m h-1. Movements of water were sometimes linear, but at times they developed in two dimensions.

12

Stone-dwelling leeches (Hirudinea, Clitellata) of Lake Hańcza (Poland) : different sampling methods determine different taxonomic structures

Koperski P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2003

|

Vol. 51, nr 3

353-361

EN

The work concerned the taxonomic structure and densities of assemblages of leeches inhabiting the stony littoral of oligotrophic Lake Hańcza in North-Eastern Poland. Samples collected manually from stone surfaces were compared with those found on artificial structures made of PVC. The differences between the assemblages sampled by these different methods were much greater than those between assemblages sampled manually from natural stones at most of sampling sites. Such differences make it clear that artificial substrates differ from a littoral stone surface in the way they are colonized by leeches to the extent that using artificial substrates did not prove to be a good method for study the leech community in a stony littoral.

13

Model of energy flow in the bottom sediments of littoral zone of a dam reservoir with regard to detritivorous roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.)

Starzecka A., Bednarz T., Amirowicz A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

|

Vol. 47, no 1

103-112

EN

Data obtained from April to October 1995 (196 days) were used for work out the model of energy flow through the bottom sediments of littoral zone of Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland) with special regard to algae, bacteria and roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) - dominating species in ichthyofauna of this reservoir. In the surface layer (0.5 cm) of bottom sediments ash free organic matter (2061-5534 kJ m^-2), biomass algae (88-357 kJ m^-2) and bacteria (0.26-6.69 kJ m^-2), primary (19.3-83.8 kJ m^-2 24 h^-1) and secondary production (0.4-185.9 kJ m^-2 24 h^-1), and respiration of epibenthic communities (124-297 kJ m^-2 24 h^-1) werw determined. The density of roach (mean values 5.6 g m^-2) and their daily food ration (4.6-60.8 J m^-2 24 h^-1) were also appointed. The data showed that the participation of roach in the pool of energy taken awey beyond the bottom was very small and equalled 0.01% of total pool of energy (40118 kJ m^-2 196 days^-1) released.