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1

Geotechnical Prospects and Electrical Tomography to Study Slope Instability in the Rif Alboran Sea Shoreline on the Mediterranean By-Road (Northern Morocco)

Taj Benyounes, Mastere Mohamed, Benzougagh Brahim, El Hilali Mohamed, Sassioui Slimane, El Fellah Bouchta

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

138--151

EN

The traffic along the Mediterranean ring road in northern Morocco is permanently disrupted by ground movements. Several sections of the road are not available during the rainy period. The slopes and hillsides that were excavated and remodeled during the construction of the roadway have become unstable and are subject to important landslides. In the present study, focused on the section of road located at kilometer point PK 176+800 between Oued Laou and Jebha City. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of instability of the studied slope, in the present and to predict it in the future. In situ and laboratory geotechnical tests as well as the geophysical investigations based on Electrical Tomography were carried out to complement the geomatic analyses performed by the research team. The results obtained testify to the effectiveness of the methodology adopted and confirm the threatening instability of the slope studied, in particularly at landslide area.

2

Stability analysis of the slope subjected to the dynamic loading

Zabuski Lesław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 118

243--255

EN

This paper presents the results of a stability analysis of a slope located in the immediate vicinity of a railway line. The plans for the extension of this railway track include the construction of another line, which would run parallel to the existing one, within a few metres distance. It is expected that intensive goods train traffic will generate both static and dynamic forces in the underlying subsoil. Consequently, seismic vibrations will be generated in the subsoil, propagating mainly not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction. The method of seismic coefficient of the earthquake intensity determined by a pseudo-static method and horizontal component of acceleration is appropriate and recommended because it is simple, and the safety factor of the slope is calculated in the same way as in conventional stability calculations.

3

Monitoring mass movements using Network-RTK measurement technique and producing potential rockfall scenarios in a paleo-landslide area

Kadi Fatih, Akin Alper Tunga, Usta Ziya

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2023

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Vol. 115

9--17

EN

Mass movements resulting from landslides cause significant losses in terms of lives and property. Periodic observations of these movements using geodetic measurement techniques help to prevent these losses. Network-RTK measurement technique produces real-time location with centimeter accuracy, based on phase observations using a network of reference stations. In this study, the paleo-landslide area in the Işıklar location of Trabzon province, Esiroğlu district, Turkey, was chosen as the application area. This study aims to measure the application area between 2019 and 2021, using the Network-RTK technique to determine the mass movements. Additionally, there is a rock block in an area with a steep slope. The possible movement of this rock block is a threat to infrastructure facilities, residential areas, agricultural areas, and life safety if the mass movement continues. Within this scope, the potential movement scenarios of the block were produced using RocPro3D software and UAV photogrammetry. Scenarios following an ongoing mass movements in the region triggering another mass movement are discussed. In the light of the results obtained, mass movements in the vertical direction of up to 28 cm were detected in the area where the rock block is located in the last 2 years. The periodic continuation of mass movements in the study area, declared a disaster-prone area, confirms the importance of the rock block in the region. In another phase of the study, possible movement scenarios of the rock block were examined using a rockfall analysis. In this context, with the help of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a digital elevation model and orthophoto map of the region where the rock block is likely to move was produced and a base map to be used in rockfall analysis was obtained. As a result of the rockfall analysis, maps showing the speed, energy, spread, possible impacts, and stopping points were produced. With the examination of these maps, it has been determined that residential areas, agricultural areas, and infrastructure facilities in the study area may be significantly damaged.

4

Wzmacnianie terenu pod budowle na terenach osuwiskowych na przykładzie Skarpy Wiślanej

Gasik-Kowalska Natalia, Gryszpanowicz Piotr

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 3-4

82--87

PL

Wzmacnianie i stabilizacja terenu pod wznoszenie obiektów na obszarach zagrożonych ruchami masowymi stanowią istotny etap zarówno w projektowaniu, jak i realizacji inwestycji. Metody wzmocnień dobierane są na podstawie badań geotechnicznych, możliwości technologicznych oraz wymagań stawianych planowanej konstrukcji. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę terenów osuwiskowych, przyczyny ich powstawania, metodologię badań przemieszczeń mas ziemnych wraz z analizą wyników badań inklinometrycznych Skarpy Wiślanej w Płocku. Ponadto wskazano sposoby zabezpieczeń terenu osuwisk pod inwestycje budowlane z syntetycznym opisem ich cech i funkcjonalności.

EN

Strengthening and stabilization of the area for erecting facilities in areas at risk of mass movements are an important stage in both the design and implementation of the investment. The reinforcements methods are selected on the basis of geotechnical tests, technological capabilities and the requirements of the planned structure. The article presents the characteristics of landslide areas, the causes of their formation, the methodology of earth mass displacement studies, along with the analysis of the results of inclinometric studies on the Vistula Escarpment in Płock. In addition, methods of securing landslides for construction investments with a synthetic description of their features and functionality were indicated.

5

Zastosowanie indeksowej metody statystycznej do analizy podatności osuwiskowej wybranego obszaru z terenu województwa podkarpackiego

Ochab Piotr, Skrzypczak Izabela, Duda Aleksander, Sikora Anna, Błazik-Borowa Ewa, Nepelski Krzysztof, Lal Agnieszka, Sulewska Maria

Materiały Budowlane

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2023

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nr 12

57--61

PL

Osuwiska należą do najniebezpieczniejszych i najczęściej występujących geozagrożeń na terenie Polski. Bardzo ważną rolę w minimalizowaniu strat ma odpowiednie planowanie przestrzenne bazujące na dokładnych mapach podatności osuwiskowej terenu, które stanowią podstawę procesu określania zagrożenia, a następnie szacowania ryzyka. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie metody opracowania mapy podatności osuwiskowej wybranego obszaru Pogórza Dynowskiego pod kątem oceny zagrożenia osuwiskowego. Finalna mapa podatności na osuwanie obszaru badań została opracowana w skali lokalnej z wykorzystaniem indeksowej metody statystycznej. Poszczególne mapy czynników mających wpływ na osuwanie terenu uwzględniają: nachylenie zbocza; ekspozycję; bliskość cieków wodnych; geologię.

EN

Landslides are among the most dangerous and common geohazards in Poland. A very important role in minimizing losses has a proper spatial planning based on accurate landslide susceptibility maps of the area, which are the basis of the process of determining the threat and then estimating the risk. The purpose of this article is to develop a landslide susceptibility map of a selected area of the Dynowskie Foothills in terms of landslide hazard assessment. The final landslide susceptibility map of the study area was developed on a local scale using the Index Statistical Method. The individual maps of factors affecting landslides were based on several thematic sections: slope slope, exposure, proximity to watercourses, geology.

6

The Long-Term Prediction of Landslide Processes within the Precarpathian Depression of the Cernivtsi Region of Ukraine

Hablovskyi Bohdan, Hablovska Nadiia, Shtohryn Liudmyla, Kasiyanchuk Dmytro, Kononenko Maryna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

254--262

EN

The purpose of this publication was the long-term forecasting of the landslide processes activation for the territory of the Precarpathian depression within the Chernivtsi region, taking into account the complex effect of natural factors. On the basis of statistical analysis and processing of long-term observations of landslide activation and natural time factors in particular solar activity, seismicity, groundwater levels, precipitation and air temperature, the relationship was analysed, the main periods of landslide activation were determined, the contribution of each time factor to the complex probability indicator of landslide development was estimated and long-term forecasting was carried out. An analysis of the influence of geomorphology on the landslide development was performed by using GIS MapІnfo. By means of cross-correlation, Fourier spectral analysis, the periodicities were analysed and the relationships between the parameters were established. It was found that the energy of earthquakes precedes the activation of landslides by 1 year, which indicates the “preparatory” effect of earthquakes as a factor that reduces the stability of rocks. The main periodicities of the forecast parameters of 9–11, 19–21, 28–31 years were highlighted, which are consistent with the rhythms of solar activity. The forecasting was carried out using artificial neural networks and the prediction function of the Mathematical package Mathcad, based on the received data, the activation of landslides is expected in 2023–2026, 2030–2035, 2040–2044 with some short periods of calm. The main periods of the dynamics of the time series of landslides and natural factors for the territory of the Precarpathian depression within the Chernivtsi region were determined, and a long-term forecast of landslides was made. Taking into account the large areas of the spread of landslide processes, forecasting the likely activation is an important issue for this region, the constructed predictive time models make it possible to assess the danger of the geological environment for the purpose of early warning and making management decisions aimed at reducing the consequences of a natural disaster.

7

Shear Strength of Soil-Root Layer Formed on Degraded Soil Supplemented with New Zeolite Substrate

Chomczyńska Mariola, Franus Małgorzata, Żukowska Grażyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

128--134

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the shear strength of the soil-root layer obtained as a result of growth of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) on degraded soil enriched with the addition of a new zeolite substrate Z-ion. Measurement of shear strength for soil-root layers formed as a result of growth of a grass species (on degraded soil alone and on degraded soil with added Z-ion) was performed in a direct shear apparatus. The measurement results allowed determining parameters of equations describing the dependence of shear strength of studied soil-root layers on normal stress e.g. cohesion and internal friction coefficient. Under the experimental conditions, application of 1% v/v substrate addition to degraded soil induced development of cocksfoot root system which resulted in the significantly increased cohesion of soil-root layer (by 30%) as compared to that formed on degraded soil alone. The enhanced cohesion of the soil-root layer formed on soil enriched with Z-ion resulted in its significantly increased shear strength as compared to that of soil-root layer obtained on soil alone. Further research using higher doses of the Z-ion substrate (greater than 1% v/v) is needed to obtain the information at what dose ranges of the substrate one can expect even more intensive development of plant root systems and, consequently, further significant improvement in the shear strength of the soil-root layers.

8

Lake Cliff Landslide Mitigation – A Case Study of Lut Tawar Peusangan Lake, Aceh, Indonesia

Amri Ulil, Azizah Cut, Ernawita, Robo Sarif, Nuraida, Ismy Romaynoor, Sastriawan Halus

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

165--172

EN

Landslide is one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia. In Lut Tawar Lake, specifically the cliff side, the landslide event occurs almost daily. Mitigation effort becomes a necessity following the fatality cases it causes. This study aimed to identify landslides and suitable mitigation for the case of Lut Tawar’s lake cliff. A combined approach of landslide survey and image interpretation with field validation was used. In addition, local vegetation surrounding the case area was identified from the survey and interview process. The results showed there are in total 37 landslide points in the study area. The conducted analysis showed the landslide was mainly caused by land use change from forest to a plantation, slope, particularly in the cliff area that was carved for road development, the volcanic geology of Bukit Barisan mountain, rainfall intensity, and the equatorial rainfall characteristic of the study area. The results also suggest the finest solution for landslide mitigation, namely the eco-engineering approach, a revegetation method using the local vegetation. Local vegetation comprises multiple strata, of which grass in the below strata, shrubs in the middle strata, and trees in the upper strata, constitute a shield for the lake cliff. Within this structure, government and community can cultivate these plants in the surrounding lake area.

9

SAR interferometry for landslide investigation and surface deformation monitoring: a case study of Souk Ahras area, north-east of Algeria

Gueraidia Nour El Houda, Fehdi Chemseddine, Gueraidia Saida

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 2

37--55

EN

Landslides – natural disasters be caused by various factors - are frequent in the region surrounding Souk Ahras. Comprehensive fieldwork, such as geotechnical drilling investigations and soil excavations, is conducted to monitor ground movements and assess the feasibility of geological locations. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and other active satellite remote sensors are utilized in Earth Observation-based systems to identify and track ground deformation and landslides in the study area. This research aims to illustrate how open-source processing software, SNAP, provided by the European Space Agency, can be combined with freely available datasets from Copernicus to accomplish this goal. In the North Eastern part of Algeria, which includes Souk Ahras, there is a high risk of landslides Through the use of InSAR technology, the research provided satisfactory results in identifying the morphology of landslides and generating a largescale interferometric map covering several regions in the East of Algeria, revealing the extent of distortion and spacing caused by the landslide phenomenon.

10

Landslide Hazard Assessment in the Heterogeneous Geomorphological and Environmental Context of the Rif Region, Morocco – A Machine Learning Approach

Hamidi Maryem, Bouramtane Tarik, Abraham Shiny, Kacimi Ilias, Barbiero Laurent, Kassou Nadia, Valles Vincent, Levy Gad

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

272--292

EN

Landslides are considered to be one of the most significant and critical natural hazards in the heterogeneous geomor-phological setting of the Rif region of Morocco. Despite the high susceptibility to landslides, the region lacks detailed studies. Therefore, this research introduces four advanced machine learning methods, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA), and Logistic Regression (LR), to perform landslide susceptibility mapping, as well as study of the connection between landslide occurrence and the complex regional geo-environmental context of Taounate province. Fifteen causative factors were extracted, and 255 landslide events were identified through fieldwork and satellite imagery analysis. All models performed very well (AUC > 0.954), while the CART model performed the best (AUC= 0.971). However, SVM demonstrated superior performance compared to other methods, achieving the highest accuracy (89.92%) and F1-measure (81.66%) scores on the training data, and the highest accuracy (83.01%), precision (81.74%), and specificity (79.46%) scores on the test data. The results do not necessarily indicate that LR and MDA have the lowest predictive ability, as they demonstrated high accuracy in terms of AUC and in some classification tasks. Moreover, they provide the significant advantage of easy interpretation of the geo-environmental processes that control landslides. Rainfall is the primary triggering factor of landslides in the study area. The majority of landslides occurred on slopes, particularly those located along rivers and faults, suggesting that landslides in the region are closely associated with active tectonics and precipitation. All four models predicted similar spatial distribution patterns in landslide susceptibility. The results showed that almost half of the area mainly in the north and northwest, has a very high susceptibility to landslides. The findings provide valuable references for land use management and the implementation of effective measures for landslide prevention.

11

The landslide in the slope and side of the Warta River valley in the village of Wronki - process analysis, exploratory research, preventive measures, monitoring

Flieger-Szymańska Michalina, Sobkowiak Jerzy, Machowiak Katarzyna, Krawczyk Anna

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 3

285--300

EN

The landslide is located in Wronki. It covers the southern side on the bank of the Warta River and occupy an area of 500 m in length. The landslide was once again activated on August 22-23, 2018, causing numerous failures. The Warta River slope in the area of mass movements is built by non-construction embankments, under which the Poznan Miocene-Pliocene of quasi-layered structure lie. There are horizontal interlayers of sandy silts in these clays. The Warta drains water from a large area, and the runoff takes place mainly on the roof of clays. The slide surface of the landslide was precisely the roof of the Poznan clays. Bearing in mind the properties of the Poznan clays, such as relaxation, block disintegration, expansiveness features, the following were considered the direct causes of the failure: heavy rainfall that occurred after a drought, loading of the slope with indiscriminate cubature buildings, construction of a linear sewage system and periodically repeated vibrations caused by the implementation of neighboring investments. In order to identify the area, test boreholes were made, samples were taken for laboratory tests, and geodetic measurements were taken. Based on the obtained results, slope stability calculations were made and a measurement network was developed for systematic monitoring of geodetic displacements of control points. It was recommended to perform drainage to drain the slope and side of the Warta River, plant bushes, and make changes to the land development plan in order to prohibit further development of the area in the endangered zone.

PL

Opisywane osuwisko znajduje się w miejscowości Wronki, powiecie szamotulskim, województwie wielkopolskim. Obejmuje ono zbocze południowe, po lewej stronie rzeki Warty i zajmuje teren o rozciągłości ok. 500 m. Osuwisko po raz kolejny uaktywniło się w dniach 22-23 sierpnia 2018 r. powodując liczne awarie i zniszczenia. Skarpę Warty w obszarze występujących ruchów masowych budują nasypy niekontrolowane (o zróżnicowanym składzie), pod którymi zalegają mioceńsko-plioceńskie iły serii poznańskiej o quasi-warstwowej budowie - w iłach występują horyzontalne wkładki pyłów piaszczystych. Rzeka Warta drenuje wody z dużego obszaru, a spływ wód odbywa się głównie po stropie iłów. Strefę poślizgu stanowił właśnie strop iłów serii poznańskiej. Mając na uwadze właściwości iłów serii poznańskiej takie jak odprężenie (powstanie powierzchni zlustrzeń), dezintegracja blokowa, cechy ekspansywności (pęcznienie i skurcz), za bezpośrednią przyczynę awarii uznano: obfite opady, które wystąpiły po długotrwałej suszy, wieloletnie dociążanie skarpy nieprzemyślaną zabudową kubaturową, budowę liniowej instalacji kanalizacyjnej w obrębie skarpy oraz okresowo powtarzające się drgania spowodowane realizacją sąsiednich inwestycji (m.in. wbijanie pali czy mikrowybuchy). W celu rozpoznania terenu wykonano liczne otwory badawcze, pobrano próbki do badań laboratoryjnych, wykonano pomiary geodezyjne. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników, dokonano obliczeń stateczności skarpy i opracowano sieć pomiarową do systematycznego monitoringu przemieszczeń geodezyjnych punków kontrolnych. Zalecono wykonanie drenażu w celu odwodnienia skarpy i zbocza Warty, posadzenie krzewów, dokonanie zmian w planie zagospodarowania przestrzennego w celu wprowadzenia zakazu dalszej zabudowy terenu w strefie zagrożonej.

12

Landslide triggered by small excavation – numerical simulations

Grodecki Michał

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 4

293--301

EN

The main objective of this work is to present the results of numerical simulations of the landslide triggered by small excavation. In south-eastern Poland in 2019, during excavation for a gas pipeline (relatively small – maximal depth 2.7 m), a landslide was observed. Length of the landslide was about 80 m, width about 50 m, maximal depth 6.5 m. Excavation was partially buried. Observed cracks of the terrain surface were wide, up to 0.8 m. Stability of the landslide was analyzed using the proportional reduction of the soil strength parameters (c-fi reduction) algorithm with the use of ZSoil.PC Finite Element Method (FEM) system. Stability analysis of the slope before and after excavation was performed, together with analysis of the tendency of the landslide to propagate upwards. The obtained stability loss modes were compared with the results of the field observations and a good correlation was noticed. Hypothesis that a landslide was triggered by small excavation was proved (although reasonable margin of safety was obtained for state before excavation, stability factor SF = 1.60). Use of residual soil strength parameters (instead of peak ones) and activation of cut-off (no tension) condition are advised. Presented methodology is open and can be used in engineering practice.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki symulacji numerycznych osuwiska wywołanego przez mały wykop. W południowo-wschodniej Polsce w 2019 r. w czasie wykopów związanych z wykonywaniem gazociągu (niewielkich, o maksymalnej głębokości 2.7 m) doszło do powstania osuwiska. Długość osuwiska wynosiła około 80 m, szerokość około 50 m, maksymalna głębokość 6.5 m. Wykop został częściowo zasypany przez osuwający się grunt. Zaobserwowano szerokie pęknięcia powierzchni terenu, o szerokości do 80 cm. Stateczność osuwiska analizowano z wykorzystaniem metody proporcjonalnej redukcji parametrów wytrzymałościowych gruntu (c-φ redukcji). Obliczenia wykonano za pomocą systemu Metody Elementów Skończonych (MES) ZSoil.PC. Analizowano stateczność zbocza przed i po wykonaniu wykopu oraz tendencję osuwiska do dalszej propagacji w górę stoku. Uzyskane mechanizmy utraty stateczności porównano z wynikami obserwacji terenowych i stwierdzono dobrą zgodność. Hipoteza, że osuwisko zostało spowodowane przez mały wykop została potwierdzona (mimo że w stanie przed wykonaniem wykopu zbocze posiadało wysoki współczynnik stateczności wynoszący 1.60). Zaleca się wykorzystywanie w obliczeniach stateczności rezydualnych wartości parametrów wytrzymałościowych gruntu oraz wykorzystanie warunku cut-off (oznaczającego brak wytrzymałości gruntu na rozciąganie). Prezentowana metodologia może być wykorzystana w praktyce inżynierskiej.

13

Apparatus for the Measurement of Electromagnetic Activity of Landslides

Maniak Krzysztof, Mydlikowski Remigiusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 3

184--195

EN

The article presents a new research apparatus for measuring the electromagnetic activity of landslides. The basic element of the apparatus is a highly sensitive underground receiver of the magnetic component of the EM field. Such a receiver inserted to the full depth of a landslide well records the levels of magnetic field amplitude at a given depth. Anomalous levels of the magnetic component indicate the existence of landslide slip planes. Combining several receivers into a measurement system will enable continuous monitoring of landslide activity. The article presents examples of studies using the discussed apparatus, which were carried out on real landslides.

14

Scene analysis of landslide geoscience and characterization of scene evolution

Zhang Yongguo, Zhang Jin, Wang Qingya

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 3

1539--1564

EN

The premise of ecological protection and sustainable development in coal mining areas is to find the law of surface damage, damage speed and damage mechanism, and then put forward preventive measures in a targeted manner. Taking the landslide in the coal mining mountain area of Shanxi Province as an example, this paper comprehensively integrates the disaster-pregnant environment and disaster information of the landslide, and constructs a multi-level model of the scene through the analysis of the landslide geology scene. The object features characterize the evolution process of landslides in terms of stratigraphic structure changes, surface changes, texture changes, shape characteristics, spectral characteristics, color characteristics, etc., the typical landslide types in Shanxi coal mining areas are verified by examples. The comprehensive consideration of geology, geographical environment, ecological environment, disaster environment and the damage of landslides to other important ground features, with the advent of the era of big data, various data obtained from air, space and ground monitoring can be applied to research. Through the cognition of landslide spatial scenes, it is helpful to understand the influence mechanism of external events on landslide activities, so as to better predict the spatial and temporal characteristics of landslide activities.

15

Numerical study of debris flows around bridge piers

Thai Thi Kim Chi

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2022

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Vol. 21, no. 4

331--342

EN

Landslide is a natural hazard that has crucial direct impact on the socio-economic system. Among various types of landslides, debris flows are a major threat to transportation structures such as bridges in mountainous areas. Vulnerability analysis of bridges that are exposed to debris flows is an important part of risk assessment and management. In the presented study, the characteristics of debris flows around bridge piers are investigated numerically for different boundary conditions using ANSYS FLUENT software. The non-Newtonian power-law model was used to model the debris flow. Drag coefficient was also determined to quantify the vulnerability of bridge piers to debris flows with different velocities and Reynolds numbers.

PL

Osuwiska stanowią naturalne zagrożenie mające bezpośredni wpływ na środowisko, warunki społeczne i ekonomiczne. Spośród różnych typów osuwisk, spływy rumoszowe stanowią poważne zagrożenie dla konstrukcji drogowych, takich jak mosty w terenach górzystych. Analiza podatności mostów na uszkodzenia spowodowane spływem rumoszowym jest ważnym elementem oceny ryzyka i zarządzania nimi. W niniejszej pracy zbadano charakterystyki spływów rumoszowych w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie filarów mostu, wykorzystując symulacje numeryczne, dla różnych warunków brzegowych, przy zastosowaniu oprogramowania ANSYS FLUENT. Do modelowania spływu rumoszowego użyto potęgowego modelu reologicznego cieczy nienewtonowskiej. W celu oceny ilościowej odporności filarów mostu na spływy rumoszowe charakteryzujące się różnymi prędkościami i liczbami Reynoldsa, w artykule wyznaczono także współczynnik oporu przepływu osuwiska rumoszowego.

16

Monitoring dynamiki ruchów powierzchni osuwisk w warunkach zmiennego poziomu wód gruntowych z wykorzystaniem reflektorów radarowych

Perski Zbigniew, Wojciechowski Tomasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

661--670

EN

The main objective of the presented analysis was to investigate to what extent even minor changes in the hydrological and hydrogeological environment affect the changes in the dynamics of landslide surface displacement. The research was carried out for selected monitored landslides, which, in addition to the in-depth monitoring devices, were equipped with corner reflectors suitable for satellite radar interferometry measurements. The high temporal resolution of the interferometric data allowed demonstrating the existence of a relationship between the speed of surface movements and slight changes in the depth to the groundwater table. The analyses were performed for five landslides, which also showed a high dependence of these compounds on the geological structure of the landslide and its substrate.

17

Litologiczny wskaźnik przemieszczeń materiału skalnego jako element oceny podatności stoków na osuwanie

Wódka Marcin

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

695--700

EN

The use of multi-temporal LIDAR data in the study of landslides gives many possibilities. The increasing-over-time availability of ALS data encouraged research on development of landslides using Differential Digital Terrain Models. An important passive factor that determines the development of landslides (especially in the Carpathians) is lithology. The author propose a new lithological displacement index, that dscribes the volume of displaced ground (m3 ) per area of 1 m2 of a given lithological unit. The example of the test area of Rożnowskie Lake has shown that lithological displacement index can assess the landslide susceptibility, which is variable and depends on the amount of rainfall. During periods of heavy rainfall, large volumes of displaced rock masses were recorded in the thick-bedded formations. In dry periods, the trend is reversed.

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Dokumentowanie geologiczno-inżynierskie osuwisk w aspekcie głębokości występowania powierzchni poślizgu

Kos Jarosław, Wójcik Antoni

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 9

627--635

EN

When conducting geological and engineering research, the most common statement is information that the landslide is shallow and should not pose a threat to the designed objects. In the case of large, structural landslides, this approach may lead, with the wrong determination of the deepest slip surface, to the occurrence of a construction disaster as a result of improper execution of the protection structure. The article presents specific locations of landslides with deep displacements in inclinometric columns exemplified by landslides monitored as part of the SOPO project in Tarnawa Górna, Słotowa and Międzybrodzie Bialskie - Łazki. The documented slip surfaces are found at depths of 19-42 m. Such deep displacements indicate that large, landslides reach significant thicknesses and such data should be presented in a geological and engineering documentation. It is proposed to modify the regulation on the execution of the geological and engineering documentation by adding a point regarding the documentation of landslides. If such an area exists, special requirements must be met when conducting geological surveys.

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Ceglany mur oporowy kontra żelbetowy zabezpieczający skarpę przed osuwaniem

Grochowska Elżbieta, Kucharczyk Anna

Przegląd Budowlany

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2022

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R. 93, nr 1-2

36--41

PL

W artykule opisano stan techniczny ceglanego muru oporowego wybudowanego w nieznanym okresie na ziemiach zachodnich województwa lubuskiego w miejscowości Gubin. Podano sposób naprawy/zabezpieczenia skarpy przed osuwaniem nowo zaprojektowanym murem żelbetowym. Mur oporowy zaprojektowano przy wykorzystaniu oprogramowania komputerowego Autodesk Expert. Projekt został zrealizowany, zastosowano prefabrykowane elementy żelbetowe o zaprojektowanych parametrach.

EN

The article describes the technical condition of a brick retaining wall built in an unknown period in the western territories of the Lubuskie Voivodeship in the town of Gubin. Given is the method of repairing/securing the slope against landslides with a newly designed reinforced concrete wall. The retaining wall was designed using Autodesk Expert computer software. The project was completed, prefabricated reinforced concrete elements with designed parameters were used.

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Landslide stability analysis with the use of the design of experiments method – case study of souk ahras, Algeria

Charef Nouar, Mezhoudi Issam, Boumezbeur Abderrahmane, Harrat Nabil

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

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no. 4

137--150

EN

In the northeast of Algeria, Souk Ahras area is known for the severity and spread of landslides, especially in Mechroha and Zaarouria municipalities. Stability analysis of landslides in these areas depends on the calculations of safety factor according to several parameters (physical, mechanical, geological…). The aim of this study is to investigate the parameters affecting the safety factor using the design of experiments (DOE) method, central composite design (CCD) and response surfaces methodology (RSM). These methods use parameter modeling and optimization to discuss a solution of landslide hazard by developing models of safety factor (Fs) considered as response. The other parameters adopted as input independent factors are geotechnical physical and mechanical parameters such as: the dry and wet unit weight (γd, γh), the water content (w), the plasticity and liquidity limits and the plasticity index (WL, WP, IP), the percentage of fine elements Ff (%) < 0.08 mm), the cohesion C and the internal friction angle (Phi). Obtained results show high correlations with a regression coefficient R2 of 0.88 and 0.93 in the two cases study and the predicted factor of safety model fit best to those obtained in the analytical and numerical modeling procedure. The final model is applicable to give reliable results on the safety factor of landslides.