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Uwarunkowania stosowania strategii dywergencji i konwergencji w przedsiębiorstwach międzynarodowych

Prendke Rafał

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2023

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Nr 87

145--160

PL

Procesy globalizacyjne skutkujące przenoszeniem fabryk do innych krajów wymagają od firm zachowania spójności zarówno w zakresie elementów widocznych dla klientów (jakość, marka, produkt), jak i niewidocznych (struktura, kultura organizacyjna, metody zarządzania). Przedmiotem artykułu jest ten drugi, niewidoczny dla klienta obszar. Autor poddał analizie dwie podstawowe strategie interkulturowe stosowane przez firmy: dywergencję i konwergencję. Dywergencja odbierana jako stawiająca na różnorodność i zorientowana na ludzi wydaje się współcześnie wyborem bardziej oczywistym. Presja interesariuszy zmusza jednak firmy do ujednolicania i standaryzowania, co w powszechnej percepcji kojarzy się ze złymi korporacyjnymi praktykami. Konwergencja, jeśli jest stosowana nieumiejętnie, jak pokazują przytoczone w artykule przykłady, prowadzi do kulturowych konfliktów i w konsekwencji zagraża interesom przedsiębiorstwa. Umiejętne łączenie obu tych podejść staje się najważniejszym zadaniem dla menedżerów w międzynarodowych firmach. Autor na podstawie wniosków z własnych badań wyróżnił pięć kluczowych czynników wpływających na przenikanie się dywergencji i konwergencji oraz ich nasilenie.

EN

Globalization processes, resulting in the relocation of enterprises to other countries require companies to maintain consistency in both: elements visible to the customer (such as quality, brand, product etc.) and those invisible (structure, organizational culture, management methods). The subject of the article is that invisible aspect. The author has analyzed two basic strategies used by companies: divergence and convergence, taking into account their possible advantages and disadvantages. Divergence, perceived as focused on diversity, seems to be the more obvious choice nowadays. Pressure from stakeholders, however, forces companies to unify and standardize, which is commonly associated with bad corporate practices. Convergence, if used incompetently, as the examples cited in the article show, leads to cultural clashes and, consequently, threatens the interest of the company. Skillful use of the combination of both approaches, becomes the most important task for managers in international companies. The author, based on his research, has identified five key factors influencing the interpenetration of divergence and convergence and their intensity.

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Wpływ zachowań organizacyjnych na skuteczność zarządzania jakością

Trela Arkadiusz

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 6 (26)

36--45

EN

The impact of organizational behavior on the effectiveness of quality management is an im-portant research area undertaken by many researchers over recent years. Research shows that employee behaviors such as commitment, communication, motivation and teamwork in-fluence the quality of products or services offered by the company, and thus customer satis-faction. In the light of conducted research, adopting appropriate behaviors and organizational culture may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of quality management and improving the organization's results. This is why understanding these issues is crucial for organizations trying to improve their quality management process. Employee behavior can influence the effectiveness of quality management in several ways. Engaged employees are more likely to be involved in improving processes and products, which translates into higher quality. Effective communication facilitates the resolution of quality prob-lems and the rapid transfer of information. In turn, motivated employees often take up quality improvement initiatives and try to achieve set goals. Taking into account the above considerations and the growing importance of organizational culture in management, especially in the area of quality management, the question arises: whether it is possible to influence the effectiveness of quality management through organiza-tional behavior? This question inspired the author to achieve the goal of solving the research problem regarding the inclusion of cultural aspects in quality management. To achieve the assumed goal, a literature review was carried out in the area of conditions and types of organ-izational behavior and quality management to present the relationship between behaviors and the effectiveness of the quality management system. The obtained results allowed for the identification of key behaviors that to the greatest extent shape the functioning of quality management systems. Among them, commitment and motiva-tion play a key role, which, with the support of strong pro-quality leadership, is most reflected in the frequency of pro-quality initiatives, which leads to an increase in quality, customer satis-faction and achieving better competitiveness on the market.

3

The effect of organizational transformation, organizational culture, and transformational leadership on employee performance through job satisfaction: an evidence from Automotive Component Manufacturing Companies

Azmy Ahmad, Hartono Denny Krisnawan, Mirza Mariza

Management

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2023

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Vol. 27, no. 1

95--129

EN

This study aimed to analyze organizational transformation, organizational culture, and transformational leadership in relation to employee performance, with job satisfaction serving as a mediating variable. The participants consisted of 101 employees from automotive component manufacturing companies. They were selected using purposive sampling techniques to ensure alignment with the research objectives. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) to illustrate the variables and indicators influencing employees’ performance. The results indicated that organizational transformation, organizational culture, and transformational leadership had a positive impact on employee performance. Furthermore, the mediating role of job satisfaction in relation to employee performance was also observed. Therefore, organizations should optimize job satisfaction to enhance employee competencies in response to business challenges. By implementing organizational transformation, fostering a positive organizational culture, and promoting transformational leadership, organizations can potentially increase satisfaction, responsiveness, and performance, thereby supporting business innovation. Job satisfaction plays a crucial role in maintaining performance stability, as the business process appears to be highly reliant on organizational transformation, organizational culture, and transformational leadership. The variables examined in this study demonstrate that job satisfaction enhances employees’ responsiveness to the company’s operations. Consequently, organizations should prioritize responsiveness and adaptability when empowering their human resources.

4

The Effect of Factors of E-marketing on Purchase Decision in MSME's snack product: a case study in PT. Saikho Indo Kreatif

Wiadi Iyus, Mudrika Siti, Suharjo Diyono, Azmy Ahmad, Deni Deni

Management

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2023

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Vol. 27, no. 1

157--183

EN

Due to the multiple advantages that it offers to both sellers and consumers, the digitalization of services is a process that is gaining popularity on a global scale. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of e-marketing elements related to SME products on sustainable customer behavior in the context of purchasing decisions. The expanded unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model and the technology acceptance model (TAM) were both used to research the elements that lead to long-term behavioral changes in favor of more sustainable consumer purchasing decisions. Sustainable consumer behaviors are those that are based on trust and continuation intention (CI). The case study is based on a SME company that creates modernized versions of traditional snacks and markets them online. Researchers surveyed 122 of their customers for the survey-based statistics. The findings reveal that, out of the six factors, only 4 factors that had significant impact on trust, which are Perceived of Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Social Influence (SI), and the most significant is Hedonic Motives (HM). While, Quality Information (IQ) did not contribute to Trust. Trust (T) appears to have a substantial positive impact on the development of customer’s continuous purchase decision (CI). Age and education did not moderate the relationship between trust and CI. Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) business owners should therefore focus on Perceived Risk related variables to build greater levels of trust and capture customers’ ongoing interest. This study contributes to a body of knowledge on the e-marketing of SME items, particularly snacks, by demonstrating how CI might cause long-term behavioral changes in favor of more sustainable customer purchase decisions.

5

Organizational culture of a judicial unit

Wileńska Karolina, Krannich Marek

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

523--537

EN

Purpose: The cognitive purpose of this article is a presentation of results and organizational culture research significance for shaping of management actions in a selected judiciary unit. The research purpose was diagnosis of existing culture orientations among the judiciary administration workers in one of courts within the Silesian Voivodeship area. Design/methodology/approach: The Cameron-Quinn research questionnaire was used for this research, carried out using a direct inquiry distribution among workers of the judiciary unit. Sample was selected purposedly - the respondents were administrative workers of the selected judiciary unit. Findings: Respondents did indicate dominating culture orientation in measures taken in the Cameron-Quinn classification, in both perceived and preferred formats. Workers did indicate that the worker managing style has a basis in hierarchic culture. Individual bases on job safety and working conditions constancy. Organization cohesion is ensured by formal principles and introduced rules. Besides, pressure on introduced rules constancy or least possible changes is exerted. Activity efficiency is reached by strict hierarchic dependences. Preferred rganizational culture should be a clan culture. Respondents did indicate that they would like the organization to be a place, resembling a big family. Personal engagement in an organization is the status in which they would most willingly create attachment to their job. Research limitations/implications: Research was realized among workers of one judiciary unit. It had a piloting character. Therefore, the research conclusions cannot be transferred to workers of other units and their perception of organizational culture. Future research, performed in other units, may allow correction of managing elements and decision process configurations for better managing of public organizations. Practical implications: Research results draw attention to important aspect of the existing culture orientation analysis - potential change in the area of managing the organization social potential towards better motivation systems, more efficient use of information in frames of feed-back and, thanks to it, modification of operative decisions of different grade management and larger use of task teams for realization of randomly appearing projects (e.g. data processing or reorganization) in the different grade judiciary units. Originality/value: The article is addressed to organizational culture researchers and public organization managers, especially in universal judiciary units. On a practice level the article value concentrates on a thought over organization activity cultural dimensions, which cause motivation attitude of workers, affect the intra-organization confidence level and this way it configures social capital factors - one of the immaterial organization asset structure elements.

6

Organizational culture - Asian concepts of kaizen, gongfu and xiushen

Karaś Elżbieta, Mazur-Włodarczyk Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

281--294

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the organizational method of kaizen and Chinese concepts related to self-development - gongfu i xiushen, which are typical of Asian countries. Design/methodology/approach: The method of desk research was used in the study. Kazen, gongfu, and xiushen derive from the major premises and values of the organizational cultures in Japanese and Chinese companies. They are becoming more and more popular in Europe and the USA. They are essential in managing change as they can develop key values necessary for organizational improvement and support the implementation of organizational change strategies. Therefore, they increase companies’ innovation on the market. The article presents a brief description of the organizational culture and the essence of the concepts of kaizen, gongfu and xiushen. It also presents a comparison of these approaches in terms of the cultural conditions of the Japanese and Chinese economies. Findings: In the context of management science, in the literature, there is a lot of information on the Japanese concept of kaizen and very little of gongfu and xiushen. Although all of the concepts developed in Asia and are related to improvement, they differ from each other. Practical implications: The possibility of a future increase in the attention of non-Asian managers on Chinese methods of improvement is recognized. Originality/value: The new value is presenting the concepts of gongfu and xiushen within management science. As well as the comparison of concepts of kaizen, gongfu, and xiushen.

7

Factors and mechanisms of creating an innovative culture in an organization

Oksanych Oleksandr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 162

543--558

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to study the category of innovative culture if the organization, to establish its relationship with the organizational culture as well as the factors, dimensions and mechanism of its creation. Design/methodology/approach: Desk research and critical analysis methods were used in the research. The methods used are based on a review of the literature, documentary and theoretical, in order to find publications related to the categories of "innovation culture", "organizational culture". The databases studied are Semantic Scholar, Science Direct and Research Gate. The selected period is 1990-2022. Findings: During the research, on the basis of the analysis of the existing concepts of creating an innovative culture, its original character in relation to the organizational culture was justified, factors, dimensions and the mechanism of creating an innovative culture in the organization were identified. Practical implications: The results of the research make it possible to identify the key factors of an innovative organizational culture, to understand the principles and mechanism of its creation. The results can be useful for companies and organizations actively involved in innovative activities to develop strategic planning documents. Social implications: The research results make it possible to understand the place and role of innovation in building a knowledge-based economy and to make people aware of the need to create pro-innovative attitudes of society. Originality/value: The proprietary concept of an innovative organizational culture was presented, its dimensions were proposed to be classified, and a mechanism for its creation was developed. The article is addressed to the managers of enterprises, organizations and institutions dealing with innovative activities.

8

Influence of citizenship behaviour in the workplace on achieving organisational competitiveness

Ramalakshmi K., Ravindran K.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2022

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Vol. 25, No. 2

247--265

EN

This study aims to estimate the level of corporate citizenship behavior impact on organizational competitiveness. Further, the study investigates how organizational competitiveness leads to better organizational performance. This study was conducted using a descriptive research approach. The novelty of this research is that Organisational Citizenship Behaviour is studied with Organisational Performance alone which is found in the literature review. This research aims at finding the mediating effect of Organisational Competitiveness. The researcher herein used a simple random sampling technique. From the analysis, it was found that the variables considered under organizational citizenship behaviour, organizational performance and organizational competitiveness are reliable and can be considered for futuristic studies. From the analysis, it was found that Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has a significant impact on Organizational Competitiveness. Furthermore, it was shown that organizational citizenship conduct significantly impacts organizational performance, with organizational competitiveness acting as the mediating variable. In addition to that, organizational citizenship conduct has been found to have a direct impact on the organization's performance.

PL

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu oszacowanie wpływu zachowań obywatelskich korporacji na konkurencyjność organizacji. Ponadto w badaniu zbadano, w jaki sposób konkurencyjność organizacyjna prowadzi do lepszych wyników organizacyjnych. Niniejsze badanie zostało przeprowadzone przy użyciu opisowego podejścia badawczego. Nowatorstwo tego badania polega na tym, że zachowanie obywatelskie organizacji jest badane wyłącznie na podstawie wyników organizacji, które można znaleźć w przeglądzie literatury. Badanie to ma na celu znalezienie pośredniczącego efektu konkurencyjności organizacji. Badacz zastosował tutaj prostą technikę losowego próbkowania. Na podstawie analizy stwierdzono, że zmienne brane pod uwagę w ramach zachowań obywatelskich organizacji, wydajności organizacyjnej i konkurencyjności organizacyjnej są wiarygodne i można je uwzględnić w badaniach futurystycznych. Na podstawie analizy stwierdzono, że zachowanie obywatelstwa organizacyjnego (OCB) ma istotny wpływ na konkurencyjność organizacji. Ponadto wykazano, że postawa obywatelska organizacji istotnie wpływa na wyniki organizacyjne, a konkurencyjność organizacyjna jest zmienną pośredniczącą. Ponadto stwierdzono, że postępowanie obywatelskie w organizacji ma bezpośredni wpływ na wyniki organizacji.

9

Empirical investigation of public service performance improvement factors

Imran Muhammad, Robina Ramírez Rafael, Awais Hafiz Muhammad

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2022

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Vol. 26, No. 2

189--208

EN

Public organizations in developing countries are losing public trust due to the weak delivery of community services. The main concern of the countries is to seek ways to meet public expectations regarding the effective and efficient delivery of public department services. The past research revealed the multiple factors that could improve public department service performance. In this regard, the current study will see the contribution of factors, such as organizational culture, organizational structure, digital transformation, and service innovation, in the service performance of public departments of developing countries like Pakistan. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the 382 survey responses data. However, the finding of the study revealed the moderating role of digital transformation and service innovation on the relationship between organizational structure, organizational culture and service performance. Furthermore, the current study found an insignificant relationship between organizational structure and service performance; on the other hand, organisational culture significantly impacts service performance. However, the findings of this study stated that digital transformation strategy, service innovation and organizational culture are important variables for employee service performance in the Motorway Police of Pakistan.

PL

Organizacje publiczne w krajach rozwijających się tracą zaufanie społeczne z powodu słabego świadczenia usług społecznych. Głównym problemem tych krajów jest poszukiwanie sposobów na spełnienie oczekiwań społecznych dotyczących skutecznego i wydajnego świadczenia usług przez urzędy publicznye. Dotychczasowe badania ujawniły wiele czynników, które mogą poprawić wydajność usług publicznych. W związku z tym obecne badanie będzie dotyczyć wpływu czynników, takich jak kultura organizacyjna, struktura organizacyjna, transformacja cyfrowa i innowacje usług, na wydajność usług departamentów publicznych krajów rozwijających się, takich jak Pakistan. Modelowanie równań strukturalnych metodą cząstkowych najmniejszych kwadratów (PLS-SEM) zostały wykorzystane do analizy danych z 382 odpowiedzi na ankiety. Wyniki badania ujawniły jednak moderującą rolę transformacji cyfrowej i innowacji usługowych w relacji między strukturą organizacyjną, kulturą organizacyjną i wydajnością usług. Ponadto w obecnym badaniu wykazało nieistotny związek między strukturą organizacyjną a wydajnością usług; z drugiej strony kultura organizacyjna znacząco wpływa na wydajność usług. Jednak wyniki tego badania wykazały, że strategia transformacji cyfrowej, innowacje w usługach i kultura organizacyjna są ważnymi zmiennymi wpływającymi na wydajność usług pracowników w Policji Autostradowej w Pakistanie.

10

Diagnosis of the organizational culture of multicultural enterprises : introduction to in-depth research

Domańska-Szaruga Beata, Knap-Stefaniuk Agnieszka

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2022

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T. 17, nr 4

37--47

EN

Based on the research carried out, the article presents the results of the diagnosis of the organizational culture of selected multicultural enterprises from Poland, Spain and Portugal. The research carried out by the authors of this article is a pilot study, conducted as an introduction to more extensive and in-depth research in the field of human resource management in conditions of cultural differences. Research on the role and significance of organizational culture in a multicultural work environment was carried out, inter alia, using Cameron and Quinn’s competing value model, which the authors also refer to in this publication. The article presents in a graphic form only partial results of the research carried out in 2022. In this publication, they concern the types of organizational cultures in the surveyed enterprises. The authors also indicated differences in organizational culture between Polish enterprises and Spanish and Portuguese enterprises.

PL

W artykule, opierając się na zrealizowanych badaniach, przedstawiono wyniki diagnozy kultury organizacyjnej wybranych przedsiębiorstw wielokulturowych z Polski, Hiszpanii oraz Portugalii. Przeprowadzone przez autorki niniejszego artykułu badania to badania pilotażowe, potraktowane jako wstęp do bardziej pogłębionych badań z zakresu problematyki zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi w warunkach występowania różnic kulturowych. Badania dotyczące roli i znaczenia kultury organizacyjnej w wielokulturowym środowisku pracy przeprowadzono m.in. z wykorzystaniem modelu wartości konkurujących Camerona i Quinna, do którego to modelu autorki nawiązują również w tej publikacji. W pracy przedstawiono w formie graficznej tylko częściowe wyniki badań zrealizowanych w roku 2022. W niniejszym artykule dotyczą one typów kultur organizacyjnych w badanych przedsiębiorstwach. Autorki wskazały także różnice w kulturze organizacyjnej między przedsiębiorstwami polskimi a przedsiębiorstwami hiszpańskimi i portugalskimi.

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The Effect of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance in Autofinance Business: the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

Ahmed Azmy, Wiadi Iyus

Management

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2022

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Vol. 26, no. 2

86--119 (*)

EN

The present study analyzed the mediating role of organizational commitment in the effect of job satisfaction and organizational culture on employee performance. Job satisfaction and organizational culture may influence employee performance. The variable with the most significant effect on employee performance was analyzed hrough job satisfaction and organizational culture. The result of the study demonstrated the increase in employee performance through organizational commitment. It is recommended to consider the positive effect of job satisfaction and organizational culture in the auto financing business. Partial Least Square (PLS) was applied. The method allows the researcher to analyze the direct and indirect effects in the research model, i.e., the effects of job satisfaction and organizational culture on employee performance when organizational commitment acted as the mediating variable. This study involved several autofinancing companies. Four hundred twenty employees from these companies were recruited as respondents using a stratified sampling technique. This study found that job satisfaction acts as one of the factors affecting employee performance achievement, as proven by its direct and indirect effects on employee performance. Organizational culture can improve employee performance through organizational support and commitment. The auto financing industry should be able to implement a competitive organizational culture.

12

Prolegomena for the study of the organizational quality culture

Pietruszka-Ortyl Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 151

577--592

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study is to conceptualize the construct of an organizational quality culture and to present the instruments of its research. Design/methodology/approach: The purpose execution is based on a critical literature review. Findings: The organizational quality culture was defined as one of the types of organizational cultures of enterprises operating in the conditions of knowledge-based economy. The components constituting the organizational culture of quality were determined and broken down into 6 dimensions and 4 areas, with scopes. For each dimension and individual area, a set of indicators was proposed to enable the determination of the level of their development in the perspective of actions and attitudes that emanate them, broken down into rituals and practices as components of organizational culture. Thus, the instruments for studying the phase of evolution towards an organizational culture of quality were presented. Practical and social implications: The paper presents useful tools to verify specific orientations building an organizational culture of quality and to identify gaps in the development of individual areas creating an organizational culture of quality, and thus providing practical directives in the field of evolution towards an organizational culture of quality, i.e. the stage of permanent quality creation. Originality/value: An original measurement tool for the organizational quality culture can be helpful in reaching the stage of full and permanent quality culture stage of evolution in an organization.

13

Project management and employees’ individual potential

Kamiński Robert

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 153

179--192

EN

Purpose: Employees’ membership of project teams is seen as one of the ways, in which the individual potential is shaped. The objective of the article is to demonstrate the influence of the characteristics of project organizational culture on shaping the characteristics of employees’ individual potential. Design/methodology/approach: The review of the literature served as the basis for identifying the characteristics of project organizational culture. The research hypotheses describing the influence of the characteristics of project organizational culture on striving for perfection, curiosity, perceptiveness, commitment and determination were formulated. The research hypotheses were verified in the course of the empirical studies (questionnaire survey) carried out in December 2019 in 270 enterprises functioning in the USA. Findings: The positive relationship between the characteristics of project organizational culture with the characteristics of individual potential was indicated. This shows the possibility of making use of project teamwork for the needs of shaping the employee’s individual potential. Research limitations/implications: Both the assessment of the norms and values of the organizational culture and the assessment of the norms and values of the project team were carried out each time by the project manager. Also, the assessment of the potential of employees in the project team and outside it was performed by the same project manager. Practical implications: Employee participation in the project team can be considered a potential tool for staff development. The socialization of norms and values, that are typical for the project organizational culture, contributes to the growth of the individual potential of employees. Social implications: The growing importance of projects in the activities of an organization is currently referred to in the literature as projectification, which means institutionalization of projects at all levels of social structures. Once again, the importance of variable project teams (and not stable, e.g. hierarchical, structures) for shaping the employee's high potential is emphasized. Originality/value: A specific role of a project team for human resources development has been identified. Employee participation in the project team can be considered not only as a potential tool for staff development, but also as factor that shapes employees’ individual potential.

14

Employer branding and employees’ commitment in international enterprises

Kacprzak Anna, Kacprzak Marzena, Wielewska Izabela

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 152

81--93

EN

Purpose: Employer branding is one of the most important indicators of an organization’s value. Employers use newer and newer tools to build and stimulate employee engagement. Their diversity should now be considered primarily in the context of culture and globalization processes including broadly understood internationalization. Many companies have focused on employee safety and stability. The focus was on trying to identify certain differences and similarities in this area. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the collected statistical data, the authors’ own observations and the subject literature on the research, an attempt was made to check the relationship between Employer Branding and employee commitment in international companies. For this purpose, a pilot study was carried out among 105 IT directors in Spain, France and Sweden. Purposive sampling was applied for the research sample. Findings: The analysis of the results shows that there is a close relationship between the Employer Branding strategy and employee commitment in their work. The research results show both certain similarities and differences in the approach to the discussed issues from the perspective of different countries. Conscious building of the image of the organization as a perfect workplace for current employees and all groups of future stakeholders is the basic principle of every business activity. In order to become an employer of choice, an organization should follow clearly defined principles, trust its employees and satisfy their needs. The research has shown that a decrease in employee commitment in work does not always have a negative impact on the image of the employer, and the SOP strategy used has a positive effect on both the company’s image and employee engagement. An alarming fact from the cited studies is the mutual lack of trust between owners and managers of individual enterprises and employees. Low employee commitment rates in individual countries may result from an incorrectly designed incentive system. Practical implications: Knowledge and tools on building employee engagement in international IT companies can be used in other sectors of the economy, which will have a positive impact on the moulding of the relationship capital with stakeholders. Social implications: As part of the SOP strategy, the following aspects are implemented: economic, social, environmental and ethical. The implementation of all these aspects positively shapes the company’s relations with its stakeholders, which is presented in the company’s social reports. Originality/value: The results of the research enrich knowledge about the relationship between Employer Branding and employee involvement in international companies.

15

Social awareness and responsibility in context of Polish service companies

Bsoul- Kopowska Magdalena

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2021

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Vol. 3, nr 1

268--279

EN

Companies operating on the market have to cope with a variety of crisis situations which may adversely affect their development and jeopardise the achievement of their objectives. A crisis situation may, on the one hand, have a negative impact on the development of the company, but, on the other hand, it may provide a stimulus and have a constructive effect on its functioning. One of the factors influencing the ability to function of a business, including crisis situations, is its organisational culture. Therefore, a company responding to the situation should assess the conditions both in its environment and inside it and verify the artefacts, the system of values and the main principles that are the basis for building an organisational culture. Many companies that are dealing with a crisis situation decide to undertake a conscious process of cultural transformation. However, it requires the management to take appropriate actions and the time of a crisis situation is a test for many companies – whether in such a difficult moment something can still be done with the organisational culture, or whether the entrepreneurs can only wait for its inevitable impact on the functioning of the company. The subject of this article is the impact of a crisis situation on changes occurring within the organisational culture. The study attempts to evaluate the role of organizational culture in crisis situations based on the current state of knowledge and crisis events related to COVID-19

16

Implementation of Japanese business management methods – the case study of a manufacturer of systems and installations for pneumatic, hydraulic, and electro-machinery controls

Rutkiewicz Krzysztof, Sobczak Weronika

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2021

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Vol. 53, No. 1(199)

198--215

EN

Japanese methods, concepts, and management tools enjoy rising popular in the world and in Poland, which is the consequence of the assumptions and practical results achieved thanks to the solutions applied by business entities and organizations. The aim of this study is a comprehensive assessment of conditions and internal determinants of competitiveness, enabling effective implementation of Japanese methods and techniques of production management, in the enterprise under consideration. The hypothesis to verify is the statement that the implementation of Japanese management methods in the examined enterprise increased the economic efficiency of individual production processes and improved its organizational culture. The triangulation method in the form of direct observation analysis of information taken from primary and secondary sources was applied. Also, there was conducted a questionnaire survey, completed with an individual in-depth interview with the company employees (leaders and coordinators) in the field of Japanese production management methods. The possibilities of using Japanese management methods in enterprises are huge. The effectiveness of the implementation of Japanese management methods, concepts, and tools in the studied organization is manifested, among others, in such results as improvement of employees’ working conditions, organized production, increased safety on the premises, organizational culture focused on respect for others, the possibility of personal development, increased efficiency of individual production processes, and reduced waste. Achieving the best production and economic results is possible thanks to experienced and knowledgeable employee teams. Japanese concepts are very strongly oriented towards cooperation between management and employees. Unfortunately, not every employee has a chance to develop, as it is limited to selected senior units. Employees’ knowledge of management methods, concepts, and tools is assessed as low by leaders and coordinators. The lack of participation in training and the lack of knowledge of some employees is the main reason for this claim. In the opinion of managers, young people are more open to change, see knowledge as an essential element in life, strive to learn and get the most out of work. The production plant under investigation should train employees in the methodology they apply. The training should be more practical, thought-provoking, voluntary, and offered with a specific frequency and with certain stages of difficulty. Instead of defining Japanese management methods, concepts, and tools, their effects and their practical meaning should be shown.

PL

Japońskie metody, koncepcje i narzędzia zarządzania cieszą się rosnącą popularnością na świecie i w Polsce, co wynika z założeń i praktycznych rezultatów osiąganych dzięki rozwiązaniom stosowanym przez podmioty i organizacje gospodarcze. Celem opracowania jest kompleksowa ocena warunków i wewnętrznych determinant konkurencyjności badanego przedsiębiorstwa, umożliwiających skuteczną implementację japońskich metod i technik zarządzania produkcją. Weryfikowaną hipotezą jest twierdzenie, że wdrożenie japońskich metod zarządzania w badanym przedsiębiorstwie spowodowało wzrost efektywności ekonomicznej poszczególnych procesów produkcyjnych i poprawę kultury organizacyjnej spółki. Zastosowano metodę triangulacji w postaci obserwacji bezpośredniej, analizy informacji zaczerpniętych ze źródeł pierwotnych i wtórnych oraz przeprowadzono badania ankietowe, uzupełnione indywidualnym wywiadem pogłębionym z pracownikami (liderami i koordynatorami) przedsiębiorstwa w zakresie problematyki japońskich metod zarządzania produkcją. Możliwości wykorzystania japońskich metod zarządzania w przedsiębiorstwach są bardzo duże. Efektywność implementacji japońskich metod, koncepcji i narzędzi zarządzania w badanej organizacji przejawia się m.in. w takich rezultatach, jak: poprawa warunków pracy zatrudnionych, zorganizowana produkcja, zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa na terenie zakładu, kultura organizacyjna nastawiona na szacunek wobec drugiego człowieka, możliwość osobistego rozwoju, zwiększenie efektywności poszczególnych procesów produkcyjnych, ograniczenie marnotrawstwa. Osiąganie najlepszych wyników produkcyjno-ekonomicznych jest możliwe dzięki posiadającym doświadczenie i wiedzę zespołom pracowniczym. Koncepcje japońskie są bardzo silnie nastawione na współpracę kierownictwa z pracownikami. Niestety nie każdy pracownik ma szansę rozwoju, ponieważ ogranicza się ona do wybranych jednostek wyższego szczebla. Wiedza pracowników dotycząca metod, koncepcji i narzędzi zarządzania jest oceniana przez liderów i koordynatorów jako niska. Brak uczestnictwa w szkoleniach i samodzielne niepogłębianie wiedzy przez niektórych pracowników stanowi zasadniczą przyczynę tego twierdzenia. W opinii kierowników osoby młode są bardziej otwarte na zmiany, postrzegają wiedzę jako ważny element w życiu, dążą do tego, aby nauczyć się i wynieść z pracy jak najwięcej. Badany zakład produkcyjny powinien szkolić pracowników z metodologii, z jakiej korzystają. Szkolenia powinny być bardziej praktyczne, zmuszające pracowników do myślenia, dobrowolne i oferowane z pewną częstotliwością i o określonych etapach trudności. Zamiast definiowania japońskich metod, koncepcji i narzędzi zarządzania, powinno pokazywać się ich skutki i sens wykorzystania w praktyce.

17

The role of organizational innovations in improving local government performance

Putro Sandry Windiharto, Kusumawardhani Amie, Raharjo Susilo Toto

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2021

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Vol. 23, No. 2

437--448

EN

Within the public sector, innovations are imperative in the spirit of new governance, flexibility, efficiency, and organization administration responsiveness. While the role and appropriateness of innovations in the private sector have been widely discussed in the literature, innovations confront some defiance in public sectors. Some studies have been conducted to understand the role of innovations in the performance of the private and public sector, but there are different results in the significances of the role of innovations. This study aims to understand the role of organizational innovation in the local government through quantitative analysis using multiple regression and Sobel Test. The results showed that innovations have partially mediated the relationship among organizational culture, leadership support and performance organizations. The study also found that leadership support and organizational culture directly influence organizational performance than if the influence is indirectly through innovation.

PL

W sektorze publicznym innowacje są niezbędne w duchu nowego zarządzania, elastyczności, wydajności i responsywności administracji organizacji. Podczas gdy rola i adekwatność innowacji w sektorze prywatnym są szeroko omawiane w literaturze, innowacje napotykają pewien bunt w sektorach publicznych. Przeprowadzono kilka badań, aby zrozumieć rolę innowacji w funkcjonowaniu sektora prywatnego i publicznego, ale wyniki dotyczące znaczenia roli innowacji są różne. Niniejsze badanie ma na celu zrozumienie roli innowacji organizacyjnych w samorządzie lokalnym poprzez analizę ilościową z wykorzystaniem regresji wielokrotnej i testu Sobela. Wyniki pokazały, że innowacje częściowo pośredniczyły w relacjach między kulturą organizacyjną, wsparciem przywództwa i organizacjami wydajnościowymi. Badanie wykazało również, że wsparcie przywództwa i kultura organizacyjna mają bezpośredni wpływ na wydajność organizacji, niż jeśli pośrednio wpływają na innowacje.

18

The role of organizational culture in the performance of chosen companies

Kiełbasa Barbara

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2021

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nr 1

17--27

EN

Introduction/background: Organizational culture is a relatively new issue. This concept has started to take on a great importance in modern organizations based on knowledge and innovation. The researchers and managers were faced with the problem of how to introduce values into the organization, how to implement the company's mission and vision, how to “manage” employees' creativity, how to motivate and assign tasks to employees. Another important issue concerns measuring the impact of these soft factors on solid results. Is there a relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance and how to verify it? Aim of the paper: The work deals with the topic of organizational culture in theoretical and practical terms. The aim of the work was to define the influence of organizational culture on the management performance. Materials and methods: The work is based on literature studies, the results of literary studies from empirical research and own research of the author. Index methods were used to assess the condition of enterprises based on publicly available financial statements. The research supplements the opinions of employees of these companies. Results and conclusions: In the surveyed organizations, values, relationships and cooperation are put in the first place. Employees work primarily in teams. The aim of this style of work is to improve internal communication, mutual learning and information exchange, as well as stimulating creativity. Regarding the ratio analysis, the good condition of both organizations should be noted: the financial analysis indicators did not deteriorate. It should be stated that organizational performance is influenced by both the dependent variable and the independent variable. They can be analyzed as soft factors and solid factors. The analysis of the impact of these factors can be done using financial measures. The complementary value is constituted by the relations in the organization and the values which make it possible to more effectively implement the company's strategy, mission and vision of the business.

19

Czynniki kształtujące siłę subkultury zespołu projektowego

Kamiński Robert

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2020

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Nr 81

73--91

PL

Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie siły subkultury zespołu projektowego oraz sformułowanie hipotezy badawczej, która dotyczy związku czterech cech projektu z siłą subkultury zespołu projektowego. Na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu wykazano, że unikalność każdego projektu oraz jego niepowtarzalny w danej organizacji charakter uniemożliwiają sformułowanie spójnej listy norm i wartości subkultury zespołu projektowego, a bardziej zasadne wydaje się postrzeganie jej w relacji do kultury organizacyjnej. Na podstawie czterech wymiarów projektu, opisanych szeroko w literaturze, określono związek cech projektu z siłą subkultury zespołu projektowego. Głównym wnioskiem z badań jest konieczność zweryfikowania hipotezy badawczej opisującej zależność między siłą tej subkultury i czynnikami sprzyjającymi jej kształtowaniu się. Hipoteza jest oparta na założeniu, że przy słabym nasileniu cech projektu subkultura zespołu powinna być słaba, co oznacza, że jaskrawe przeciwstawianie zarządzania powtarzalną działalnością i zarządzania projektami nie zawsze jest uzasadnione. W zależności od wyróżnionych czynników subkulturotwórczych normy i wartości charakterystyczne dla subkultury zespołu projektowego mogą bowiem mniej lub bardziej się różnić od obserwowanych w kulturze organizacyjnej. Odmiennie więc niż w dotychczasowej literaturze przedmiotu zwraca się uwagę na to, że nie istnieje uniwersalny zestaw cech charakteryzujących zespół projektowy w odróżnieniu od reszty organizacji, zajmującej się rutynową działalnością. Biorąc pod uwagę zdefiniowane w artykule pojęcie siły subkultury zespołu projektowego, można bowiem przypuszczać, że słabe nasilenie cech projektu spowoduje ukształtowanie się słabej subkultury zespołu projektowego lub nawet jej brak, a normy i wartości reprezentowane przez członków zespołu projektowego będą takie same jak przyjęte w kulturze organizacyjnej.

EN

The aim of the article is to define the strength of the project team subculture and to formulate a research hypothesis that describes the relationship between the four characteristics of the project and the strength of the project team subculture. Based on the analysis of the literature on the subject, it has been shown that the uniqueness of each project and its unique character in a given organization makes it impossible to formulate a coherent list of norms and values of the project team subculture, and it seems more reasonable to perceive the project team subculture in its relation to organizational culture. On the basis of the four dimensions of the project described in the literature, the relationship between the characteristics of the project and the strength of the project team subculture was determined. The need to verify the research hypothesis was shown. The hypothesis assumes that with the weakness of the project features, the team subculture should be weak, which means that the sharp contrast between repetitive management and project management is not always justified. Depending on the distinguished subcultural factors, norms and values in the project team subculture may therefore be more or less different from those in the organizational culture.

20

The significance of organisational culture in the development of human capital

Gitling Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 148

189--201

EN

Purpose: The chief purpose of this article was to draw attention to the importance of organisational culture as a crucial factor in human capital management. In order to achieve this goal, reports of research on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland were read, with respect to investments in human capital development. Design/methodology/approach: The literatures on management sciences, sociology of organisations and economics were also reviewed, on the basis of which a theoretical description of selected issues was made. The issues included factors shaping organisational culture and its influence on human capital development. The analysis of the literature showed that organisational culture may perform many functions in the integration and development of human resources, including the development of human capital. Organisational culture is a carrier of specific norms and values preferred by both managers and employees. Findings: Nowadays, human capital generating new quality of knowledge is recognised as a strategic factor of enterprises and the basis for their prosperity. It therefore becomes an issue of core importance for managers to effectively manage human capital in such a way that it would encourage creativity, the ability to acquire knowledge and to shape working competences. One should remember that enterprises differ in respect of ability to define, communicate and manage organisational culture. Owing to the literature review, it was found that through the study of organisational culture it is possible to create value and a competitive position of enterprises based on human capital development. Originality/value: The subject of the article may be useful for both practitioners of economic life, as well as theoreticians studying organisational culture and human capital.