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Współczesne tendencje w rozwoju europejskich zdolności obronnych w świetle CARD - 22

Ciupiński Andrzej, Kuś Małgorzata

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

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2023

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R. 52, z. 163

57--73

PL

Celem artykułu jest naświetlenie problemów rozwoju europejskiego przemysłu obronnego oraz prób jego reformowania. Prezentowany tekst został opracowany na podstawie dokumentów Europejskiej Służby Działań Zewnętrznych, w strukturach, których funkcjonują między innymi: Sztab Wojskowy UE oraz Europejska Agencja Obrony. W 2017 roku powołano kilka instytucji, które miały na celu modernizację oraz integrację kilkuset rozproszonych europejskich przedsiębiorstw zbrojeniowych i wyposażenie ich w konkurencyjne technologie. Ważną rolę w tej dziedzinie odgrywają Europejski Fundusz Obrony oraz Roczny Skoordynowany Przegląd Obronny (CARD). W 2022 r. procesy integracyjne w dziedzinie obronności zostały przyspieszone z powodu agresji Rosji przeciwko Ukrainie, a także po przyjęciu nowej strategii bezpieczeństwa Unii Europejskiej zwanej „Kompasem Strategicznym”. Europejska Agencja Obrony opublikowała także rezultaty i wnioski CARD 2022.

EN

The aim of the article is to highlight the problems of development of the European defense industry, and the attempts to reform it. The presented text was prepared on the basis of documents of the European External Action Ser-vice, in the structures of which they function, and among others the EU Military Staff and the European Defense Agency. In 2017, several institutions were established to modernize and integrate several hundred dispersed European defense companies and equip them with competitive technologies. The European Defense Fund and the Coordinated Annual Review on Defense (CARD) play an important role in this area. In 2022, integration processes in the field of defense were accelerated due to Russia's aggression against Ukraine, as well as after the adoption of a new European Union security strategy called the Strategic Compass. The European Defense Agency has also published the results and conclusions of CARD 2022.

2

Housing cooperatives in a competitive real estate market

Blaszke Małgorzata, Skotarczak Teodor

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

55--69

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the publication was to attempt to present housing cooperatives as a competitive entity in relation to other entities forming the „real estate stock”. The resource of housing cooperatives was presented and compared to the resource of other entities operating on the real estate market in Poland. It also shows how housing cooperatives are performing on the real estate market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical research on the competitiveness of housing cooperatives in the real estate market was nationwide. The number of dwellings put into use by particular entities operating on the real estate market in Poland has been analysed with a division into voivodships. The standard of buildings put into use has been characterized, and the quality of housing stock management has been analysed. Data concerning the number of dwellings completed has been obtained from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and from the Analysis and Monitoring System form the Real Estate Market (AMRON). Findings: The legally and historically established position of the owner of often huge housing resources and the gap between housing cooperatives to function without any assessment of their competitiveness. Legal changes, which include the right to transform a cooperative right into separate ownership of premises, the right to change the property manager from a cooperative to a competitive commercial entity, undoubtedly force housing cooperatives to compete in the housing market in Poland. Originality/value: To date, competition between operators in the property market has not been studied. In this publication, the authors examined the competitiveness of housing cooperatives in relation to other business entities.

3

Modeling China's dry port cooperation in supply chains

Plotnikov Egor, Rakhmangulov Aleksandr

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 3

89--103

EN

Currently, focus on dry ports in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is growing, and therefore, the number of dry ports in the country is actively increasing. Due to the multifunctionality of dry ports, they meet the modern requirements of China's transport policy, which prioritizes improving the quality of providing transportation services by providing general access to value-added and high-quality services. The purpose of the PRC's transport system is also to facilitate the movement of freight flows within the State's territory, due to a faster modal shift, increased accessibility of transport, development of auxiliary functions, and construction of integrated transport hubs. Dry ports deal with the mentioned tasks; however, with the increase in the number of dry ports in the PRC, the issue of optimizing the interaction between dry ports has become urgent. The purpose of this research is to scientifically substantiate the need for strengthening technological cooperation between dry ports. The problem of determining the optimal structure of the system of interaction of dry ports was solved using the method of discreteevent simulation and the anyLogistix software tool. The results of assessment of the economic efficiency of the interaction between dry ports are presented. The results of experiments with a model of China’s dry port system showed the possibility of increasing the total profit of participants of the supply chain by 2.3 times and their profitability by 2.6 times, reducing the cost of container transportation by 1.3 times, and fully meeting the demand for transportation. It has been proven that the cooperation of dry ports in supply chains provides enhanced opportunities for processing cargo flows, as a result of the redirection of cargo consignments from overloaded dry ports to dry ports with reserves ith processing capacity. A methodology for optimizing the structure of the system of interaction of dry ports is presented. The methodology is proposed for use as a tool for strategic and current planning of supply chains.

4

Designing multithreaded software based on concurrency in the problem domain

Sanden Bo I.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

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2021

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Vol. 25, No 2

183--201

EN

Event-sequence modeling is a thread-architectural style for event-driven software. It bases the set of threads in a multithreaded program on an event-sequence model of the problem domain. Each event sequence is a time-ordered set of event occurrences in the domain. (It is often defined by a state machine.) An event-sequence model is a set of event sequences that together cover all relevant event occurrences in the domain. Occurrences in one event sequence are generally concurrent with those in other sequences. The event-sequence modeling approach leads to architectures consisting of threads, each based on an event sequence, and shared objects. The threads can run concurrently on different cores/processors except when they must have exclusive access to some shared object. This paper defines these concepts and illustrates them with examples.

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Reforms and competitiveness in the Ukrainian audit market

Makarenko Sergiy, Plastun Alex, Makarenko Inna, Kozmenko Serhiy, Kozmenko Olga

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2021

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Vol. 23, No. 2

305--320

EN

Recent reforms in the Ukrainian audit market should have been activated the competitiveness in the market. This paper explores concentration in the Ukrainian audit market in order to analyze the efficiency of these reforms. In this study, the annual data from the Audit Chamber of Ukraine over the period 2007 - 2019 is used. Using various statistical methods and specific market concentration indicators, the present study finds the pieces of evidence in favor of high concentration of the Ukrainian audit market and the failure of the reforms. The situation with the competitiveness only gets worse after them. The results of the study provide suggestions for improving the situation concerning the rising of market integrity principles, qualification of auditors in Ukrainian firms, and strengthening monitoring of audit quality in B4 and mid-tier companies.

PL

Ostatnie reformy na ukraińskim rynku audytorskim powinny pobudzić konkurencyjność na rynku. Niniejszy artykuł bada koncentrację na ukraińskim rynku audytorskim w celu analizy skuteczności tych reform. W niniejszym opracowaniu wykorzystano dane roczne Izby Obrachunkowej Ukrainy za lata 2007 - 2019. Korzystając z różnych metod statystycznych i określonych wskaźników koncentracji rynku, niniejsze badanie znajduje dowody na korzyść wysokiej koncentracji ukraińskiego rynku audytorskiego i niepowodzenia reform. Sytuacja z konkurencyjnością tylko się po nich pogarsza. Wyniki badania dostarczają propozycji poprawy sytuacji w zakresie podnoszenia zasad uczciwości rynku, kwalifikacji biegłych rewidentów w firmach ukraińskich oraz wzmocnienia monitoringu jakości badania w firmach B4 i mid-tier.

6

Reforming specialized inspection procedures to improve business environment in Vietnam for trade facilitation implementation

Nga Le Thi Viet, Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc, Hang Nga Nguyen Thi, Lan Leng Thi, Thach Nguyen Ngoc

Management

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2021

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Vol. 25, no. 1

234--258

EN

Our study aims to analyze and assess the process of reforming the specialized inspection procedures in Vietnam which is included in Vietnam’s trade facilitation implementation program, and suggesting some recommendations for Vietnam to do the reform to improve business environment and enhance Vietnam’s national competitiveness. By synthesizing and analyzing secondary data from creditable sources such as World Bank, UNESCAPE, UNCTAD, WTO, VCCI, General Department of Vietnam Customs, as well as interviewing officials from Ministry of Industry and Trade of Socialist Republic of Vietnam, etc. Ha and Lan (2021) stated Economic regulatory reform in Vietnam started in the early 1990s and accelerated when the country shifted its focus to economic integration policy by acceding to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 and engaging in regional free trade agreements in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). After analyzing and assessing the real situation of Vietnam’s trade facilitation and specialized inspection reforms, this paper would like to suggest some recommendations to continuously implement specialized inspection reforms, implement trade facilitation, improve Vietnam’s business environment and enhance Vietnam’s national competitiveness.

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Effect of competitive psychological climate on unethical pro-team behavior: The role of perceived insider status and transformational leadership

Irangani Sadarika B.K., Liu Zhiqiang, Kumar Nilesh, Khanal Saroj

Management

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2021

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Vol. 25, no. 1

1--27

EN

The purpose of this study is to explain why employees in financial companies in Sri Lanka are likely to engage in unethical pro-team behaviors and how transformational leaders involve controlling unethical pro-team behaviors in a competitive work environment. The study employed a quantitative approach to investigate the association between the competitive psychological climate and perceived insider status on unethical pro-team behaviors. The authors collected data from 426 sales representatives at a finance company in Sri Lanka and tested hypotheses using Structural Equation Modelling analyses through Smart PLS version 3. The results indicate that competitive psychological climate and perceived insider status are positively associated with unethical pro-team behaviors. Further, the transformational leadership’s moderation is negatively significant on the relationship between competitive psychological climate and unethical pro-team behaviors. The study has shown that the leader will delegate more responsibility to the employee, associated with increased employee empowerment and high-quality, ethical behaviors. Besides, it contributes to the literature as of the new theoretical base and offers practical implications with the richer view of a nomological link between the leader, competitive employee, and competitive work environment.

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Piekielnie skuteczna strategia na sprzedaż kruszyw

Moszniński Sławomir

Kruszywa : produkcja - transport - zastosowanie

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2021

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Nr 1

52--54

PL

Czy istnieje jakaś metoda, dzięki której wyróżnimy się na rynku i przestaniemy zwracać uwagę na konkurencję? Czy są sposoby na to, aby zbudować przewagę strategiczną w sprzedaży kruszyw? Jak docierać do nowych klientów poza zasięgiem radarów konkurencji? Jak zwiększyć sprzedaż kruszyw?

EN

Is there any method that will make you stand out on the market and stop paying attention to your competition? Are there any ways to build a strategic advantage in the sales of aggregates? How to find new customers beyond the reach of your competitors’ radars? How to increase the sales of aggregates? The article answers these questions.

9

A scientist or an entrepreneur – academic dilemmas in the corporate university model

Rakowska Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 144

409--418

EN

Purpose: The article is a theoretical one and aims to presents potential threats for academics and science development in the context of corporate university model which is functioning in other countries. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature review, especially concentrating on studies which results refer to the experiences of academics from countries where corporate university model has been implemented. Findings: Dominating organizational culture of competition and continuous audits based on citations (IF) evidently contribute to the number of publications and their citations. Unfortunately, at the same time there is also a growing amount of publications, including JCR journals, which do not add any value the science. “Scientists” who “produce” these papers are entrepreneurs able to use the Questionable Research Practices. Research limitations/implications: There is a need to develop and publicize this problem because it is a real threat to science. It is necessary to pay greater attention to ethics in the scientist's conduct and to introduce mechanisms to discourage potential "entrepreneurs". Originality/value: The article highlights a new research and social problem, which is a fraud in science.

10

Zaplecze surowcowe polskiego przetwórstwa mięsa wieprzowego

Kozera-Kowalska Magdalena

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2020

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T. 74, nr 3

9--15

PL

W artykule poruszono kwestie związane z funkcjonowaniem zaplecza surowcowego dla polskiego przetwórstwa mięsa wieprzowego. Analizowano możliwości zaspokojenia popytu na żywiec wieprzowy z produkcji krajowej oraz z importu. Celem opracowania jest ocena zaszłości oraz aktualnego stanu sektora produkcji żywca wieprzowego w kraju w latach 2005-2019 oraz jego powiązań z przetwórstwem mięsa wieprzowego. Stwierdzono, że mimo licznych zawirowań otoczenia gospodarczego zachodzą w nim procesy konsolidacji wpływające na stabilizację podaży wieprzowiny, przy względnie stabilnej wielkości importu mięsa wieprzowego narynek krajowy.

EN

The article raises issues related to the functioning of the raw material base for Polish pork processing. The possibilities of satisfying the demand for live pigs from domestic production and from imports were analyzed. The aim of the study is to assess the past and current state of the live pig production sector in Poland in 2005-2019 and its links with the pork processing. It was found that despite numerous turbulence in the economic environment, consolidation processes taking place affecting the stabilization of the supply of pork, with a relatively stable volume of pork import into the domestic market.

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Quality management and safety of food in HACCP system aspect

Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna, Abbase Ali Abdulhassan

Production Engineering Archives

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2020

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Vol. 26, Iss. 2

50--53

EN

The practical implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) and in particular the definition of the critical control points (CCPs) in the food industry is usually a complex structured task. This is particularly the case of food enterprise, where quality/safety manager ability, knowledge of the production processes and ‘‘sensitiveness’’ is usually the discriminate for the proper identification and prioritization of risks. The same applies for the definition of causes which may lead to food safety hazards. This paper addresses the issues of how quality/safety managers can objectively and automatically implement the HACCP principles of hazard analysis in the application of HACCP, which is the identification of risk priorities and of the related CCPs. The proposed methodology combines decision tree analysis approach for the analytical decomposition of the relevant steps in the manufacturing process of ice cream.

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Können Verkehrsunternehmen ohne Gewinn am Markt bestehen?

Witte Hermann

Problemy Transportu i Logistyki

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2020

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nr 1 (49)

51--62

EN

It is demonstrated that (1) transport enterprises can operate on the market with a profit of zero and (2) they can finance their investments without profit. The rigid conditions of pure competition are not necessary. It is enough to adjust the different situations of incomplete competition by setting equal and homogeneous rules for accounting, founding and running enterprises well as financing. A special rule is to have no foreign trade. But these conditions are not stringent. There are many non-profit-enterprises in Austria and a lot of other countries which are operating without these conditions. The result is a new maxim for (transport) economics: Application of the principle of covering the costs and optimization of quality in spite of profit maximization! THE postulate to consider the quality in transport theory and policy has the same long tradition as the postulate to applicate the principle of covering the costs. The joint application will bring more benefit for realizing welfare and an equal distribution of income and property.

13

Coopetition of services and the development strategy for competitive industries

Bernat Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 138

21--31

EN

In the case of competing industries, proper assessment of needs and opportunities supported by market analysis and forecast allows adopting strategies for dealing with competition. Coopetition of services is one of the possibilities for the development of entities. The article indicates the reasons for competition cooperation. This cooperation may result from the expectations to increase the scale of impact, reduce operating costs or offer an extended package of services. This causes the need to study customer needs and identify market trends, and consequently build scenarios that are answer to them and allow to adapt to market changes.

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Działalność innowacyjna przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych w Polsce w latach 2011-2016

Olesińska Katarzyna, Kędzierska Kinga

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Łódzka

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2019

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z. 72

45--58

PL

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie poziomu innowacyjności polskich przedsiębiorstw w latach 2011- 2016. Przedstawione wyniki porównano z danymi przedstawionymi w pracy Baruka [2012, ss. 66-79]. Z analizy porównawczej wynika, że poziom innowacyjności polskich przedsiębiorstw jest niski. Poziom innowacyjności Polski w badanym okresie charakteryzował się tendencją spadkową.

EN

The aim of the article is to examine the level of innovativeness of Polish enterprises in the years 2011-2016. The presented results were compared with the data presented in Baruk’s work. The post-equivalent analysis shows that the level of innovativeness of Polish enterprises is low. The level of innovativeness of Poland in the analysed period was characterised by a downward trend.

15

Analiza rynku meblarskiego

Kaczorowska Zuzanna, Staniec Iwona, Szczygieł Nina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Łódzka

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2019

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z. 72

95--111

PL

Analiza rynku umożliwia weryfikację potencjału tkwiącego w danym segmencie. Co więcej, pomaga zdobyć przewagę nad konkurencją oraz wzmocnić dotychczasową pozycję na rynku. Dzięki temu przedsiębiorstwo może właściwie ukierunkować swoje działania. Niniejszy artykuł został opracowany na podstawie danych GUS i zawiera analizę uwarunkowań branżowych dla przedsiębiorstw z branży meblarskiej. Analizie poddano m.in. wielkość eksportu, wielkość produkcji mebli w Polsce, przychód netto itd.

EN

The company's structure is shaped by the environment in which it operates. Market analysis allows to verify the potential inherent in a given segment. Moreover, it helps to gain the advantage over the competition and to strengthen the current position on the market. Thank to that, the company can properly focus on its activities. The article has been prepared on the basis of data provided by the Central Statistical Office and of the Internet data sources. It provides the analysis of industry conditions for furniture manufacturing companies. The analysis included exportation volume, the volume of furniture production in Poland, and net income among others.

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A model of transit freight distribution on a railway network

Kozachenko Dmytro, Skalozub Vladyslav, Gera Bogdan, Hermaniuk Yuliia, Korobiova Ruslana, Gorbova Aleksandra

Transport Problems

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2019

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T. 14, z. 3

17--26

EN

The peculiarity of the transit freight transportation by rail in international traffic is the fact that while performing transportation, the railway administrations are in competition among themselves. At the same time, the routes of cargo traffic volumes significantly depend on the conditions of transportation by railways of individual states. The mathematical model for the distribution of transit freight traffic volumes on the railway network, based on the methods of graph theory and game theory, was proposed in this article. The developed model enables the evaluation of the possibilities of attracting transit freight traffic volumes by individual railway administrations by changing the tariff value and transportation conditions.

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Ewolucja struktur instytucjonalnych i mechanizmów prokonkurencyjnych na rynku przewozów kolejowych w regionach

Majewski Jakub

Problemy Transportu i Logistyki

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2019

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nr 1 (45)

63--73

PL

Artykuł opisuje tło instytucjonalne kryzysu kolei pasażerskiej w Polsce w okresie 1990–2015. Wskazuje etapy przekształceń podmiotów i procedury kształtujące obszar kolejowych przewozów regionalnych. Zwrócono zarazem uwagę na zależności pomiędzy modelami zamawiania i finansowania usług o charakterze służby publicznej a ich jakością i efektywnością. Analiza oparta jest na ocenie zmian o charakterze formalnoprawnym oraz statystyk ilustrujących udziały rynkowe przewoźników. Wnioski wskazują natomiast na zalety modelu opartego na silnym i kompetentnym ośrodku decyzyjnym oraz konkurencyjnym trybie wyboru operatora usług publicznych, i tym samym mogą stać się elementem dyskusji o dalszych przekształceniach sektora kolejowego w Polsce.

EN

The article describes the institutional background of the passenger rail crisis in Poland between 1990 and 2015. It indicates the stages of transformation of entities and procedures. It also draws attention to dependencies, between the models for ordering and financing PSO and their quality and effectiveness. The analysis is based on the assessment of formal and legal changes and statistics illustrating the market share of carriers. The conclusions, on the other hand, indicate the advantages of a model based on a strong and competent decision-making center and a competitive mode of selecting rail operator, and thus constitute a practical recommendation as to further transformations of the railway sector in Poland.

18

Competition and Seasonal Co-Existence of Coprophagous Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) in Differently Managed Habitat Patches of Sub-Mediterranean Grasslands in Slovenia

Jugovic Jure, Koren Toni, Koprivnikar Nataša

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 3

247--263

EN

We studied species composition and seasonal co-existence of coprophagous Scarabaeoidea from two study sites in karst meadows in sub-Mediterranean Slovenia. Each site consisted of three habitat patches with different impact of grazing (S1, the active part of the pasture; S2, the overgrown part of the pasture, mainly spiny shrubs; S3, a meadow with some overgrown patches of shrubs outside the fenced pasture). Four pitfall trapping events per month were conducted from March until November to test for temporal, spatial and habitat-related segregation of species. Primary results show a high level of temporal segregation of species within and between the guilds (Aphodiidae – dwellers, Geotrupidae – tunnelers, Scarabaeidae – tunnelers, Scarabaeidae – rollers). Temporal segregation of monthly samples was evident between Aphodiidae – dwellers (most active at the beginning and end of the season, with a month of complete inactivity during hot summer) and Scarabaeidae – tunnelers (present all the time, but with least species and specimens at the beginning and end of season). Intra-guild competition was most prominent for Aphodiidae – dwellers and Geotrupidae – tunnelers, where species show high rate of temporal avoidance to minimize interspecies competition for the same food source. Finally, geographical (site-related) and habitat-related (S1, S2, S3) differences were found in species composition, species richness and abundance, however for the latter two parameters only at habitat level (more species at S1, but higher abundances at S2 and S3). The results imply that the pronounced temporal and spatial segregation facilitate higher biodiversity in space and time, and allow more species to co-exist at the same sites over time.

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Comparing Trophic Niches of Sympatric Raptors in Agricultural Landscape in Central Poland

Romanowski Jerzy, Lesiński Grzegorz

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 4

331--338

EN

According to basic ecological principle, species that share the same niche do not occupy the same environment for a long time, and sympatry of two or more such species provides an interesting field for the analysis of their trophic niche differentiation. To examine the potential differences in the dimensions of the trophic niche we studied the diet of three sympatric avian predators that prey on colonial Microtus rodents. The study area in central Poland is located in an agricultural landscape, composed of crop fields, as well as meadows and pastures located within a small river valley. The pellets of long-eared owl (Asio otus), barn owl (Tyto alba) and kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) were collected from the 750 m2 study site including church building and its surrounding in the spring of 2016 and 2017. The analysis of pellets provided data on a total of 4128 vertebrate prey individuals (1914 from barn owl, 1749 from long-eared owl, and 465 from kestrel). The most important prey group of all three predators were small mammals (90%, 14 species) and the most frequently preyed species was Microtus arvalis (making up 72% of vertebrate prey of long-eared owl, 59% of kestrel and 53% of barn owl). Despite the general similarity in the diet composition, there were differences in the contribution of several prey species (e.g. Soricomorpha, M. arvalis, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Apodemus spp.) and the diversity of the diet between the predators. We conclude that the trophic niches of the studied sympatric species differ in several dimensions, including diel activity, prey size and taxon-specific feeding preferences.

20

Coopetition in for-profit and non-profit organizations - micro level

Moczulska Marta, Seiler Bartosz, Stankiewicz Janina

Management

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2019

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Vol. 23, no. 2

138--156

EN

A situation in which appears at the same time a competition and cooperation between the subjects is defined as a coopetition. First of all it is considered at the mezo level – between the companies, but it can be analysed at the micro level – inside the organization. In the second case, it concerns shaping the relations among the employers which compete one with another and at the same time they cooperate. Among the organizations where the coopetion can be analysed we distinguish two types - for profit and non profit. A difference of the functioning of the for profit and non profit organizations can be seen among other things in the differences that refer to the shape of the coopetition. In the article the characteristic of a intraorganizational coopetition in the for profit and non profit subjects was presented. The base to formulate the conclusions was formed by the investigations made in which, to collect the data there were used the semistructure interviews with six sample selected organizations – three for profit and three non profit.

PL

Sytuacja, w której jednocześnie występuje konkurencja i współdziałanie między podmiotami określana jest mianem koopetycji. Rozpatrywana jest ona przede wszystkim na poziomie mezo – między przedsiębiorstwami, ale może być także analizowana na poziomie mikro - wewnątrz organizacji. W drugim przypadku, dotyczy kształtowania się stosunków między funkcjonującymi pracownikami, którzy rywalizują ze sobą, a jednocześnie podejmują współpracę. Wśród organizacji, w których można analizować koopetycję, wyróżniamy dwa typy – działające dla zysku oraz realizujące cele społeczne. Odmienność funkcjonowania organizacji for profit i non profit może uwidaczniać się m.in. w różnicach dotyczących kształtowania się koopetycji. W artykule dokonano omówienia charakteru koopetycji wewnątrzorganizacyjnej w podmiotach for-profit i non-profit. Podstawę do sformułowania wniosków stanowiły przeprowadzone badania, w których do zebrania danych posłużono się wywiadami częściowo ustrukturyzowanymi z sześcioma celowo dobranymi organizacjami – trzema for-profit i trzema non-profit.