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1
Content available remote Chirurgiczna piła oscylacyjna obniżająca siły przy cięciu kości
PL
Przy przecinaniu kości chirurgicznymi piłami oscylacyjnymi często występują znaczne siły skrawania, które zmniejszają dokładność i skuteczność zabiegu. W artykule przedstawiono eksperymenty dotyczące cięcia świeżych kości bydła i symulowanych kości z użyciem pił o różnych kształtach zębów i geometrii ostrza.
EN
As a natural mineral, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is widely investigated for various medical applications. It is a biocompatible material characterized by high degradation rate and great osteoconductivity. Many researchers evaluate CaCO3 in the form of particles as a candidate for use in drug delivery systems. In this study we present an optimization of the process of producing CaCO3 particles by the precipitation method with the use of combinations of different time of ultrasound treatment and surfactant concentrations used. Depending on the synthesis conditions, various sizes of particles were fabricated. The particles were loaded with sodium alendronate (Aln, 5% or 10% by weight) with a relatively high encapsulation efficiency between 40 and 50%, depending on the amount of Aln added and the drug loading of approximately 9% for both cases. MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were contacted with 10% wt./vol extracts of fabricated particles to assess their cytotoxicity. None of the extracts investigated was found to be cytotoxic. Furthermore, an in vitro study in direct contact of MG-63 cells with particles suspended in culture medium was performed. The results showed that the fabricated particles are cytocompatible with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. However, the higher the concentration of the particle suspension and the greater the amount of alendronate present in the solution, the lower the metabolic activity of the cells was measured. The presented method of CaCO3 particles manufacturing is simple, cost-effective, and allows one to fabricate particles of the required size and shape that are cytocompatible with MG-63 cells in defined concentrations of particle suspensions.
EN
In this study, we aimed to compare how the microstructure and architecture of polymer supports influence adhesion, growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in the context of bone tissue engineering. We manufactured poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) three-dimensional supports in the form of microspheres by emulsification and porous scaffolds by solvent casting/ porogen leaching. HMSC were seeded on both materials and on control tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS, bottom of the wells) and cultured in basal or osteogenic medium for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. HMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were studied using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays, respectively. Furthermore, cell morphology and viability were analyzed after live/dead fluorescence staining. The results show that the optimized emulsification conditions allowed the production of PLGA microspheres with a median size of 95 µm. The PLGA scaffolds had a porosity of 82.1% ± 4.2% and a pore size of 360 µm ± 74 µm. HMSC cultured on control TCPS in osteogenic medium were more spread and polygonal than those in basal medium. They were characterized with a lower proliferation rate, as shown by the LDH results, but higher ALP activity. This suggests that hMSC osteogenic differentiation was achieved. The same tendency was observed for cells cultured on microspheres and scaffolds. Cell proliferation was more efficient on both materials and control in growth medium as compared to differentiation medium. The amount of ALP, i.e. a marker of osteogenic differentiation, was elevated, as expected, in differentiation medium. However, on day 14 cells cultured on the scaffolds in basal medium exhibited the same osteogenic potential as those cultured in differentiation medium. In general, both microspheres and scaffolds promoted hMSC adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation and may be used for bone tissue engineering.
EN
Bone infections are a challenging problem as they may cause a permanent patient disability and even death. Additionally, their relapse rate is relatively high. The implantation of a local drug delivery system can be an effective way to fight bone infections. In this study, we present the process of surface bioactivation and immobilization of nanoparticles loaded with drugs. Our aim was to improve osseointegration of the ZrO2 surface by coating it with a bioactive layer containing poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antibacterial drugs (gentamicin and bacitracin) using a biomimetic precipitation method. The ZrO2 substrates were prepared via pressing and sintering. The CaP-coating was obtained by immersing the substrates in ten-times concentrated simulated body fluid (10×SBF). NPs were prepared by the double emulsion method and the drug loading in NPs was assessed. Thus obtained NPs were applied on bioactivated ceramic substrates by the drop-casting method or by introducing them in the 10×SBF solution during the bioactivation process. The NPs were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The NPs size and the Zeta potential were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The microstructure of the coating and the efficiency of the NPs incorporation were tested by SEM. In this study, we proved the presented process to be an effective way to obtain biomaterials that could be used as drug delivery systems to treat bone infections in the future.
EN
Composites made of resorbable polylactide modified with bone powder are part of the current search for implantable materials endowed with advantageous biomechanical functions, which make them suitable for orthopedics and traumatology applications. The bone additive containing active bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and calcium phosphates introduced into the polymer matrix is to grant the implant with a biological activity. Subsequently, the resorbable matrix should get replaced with bone tissue. In order to avoid losing the osteoinductive properties of the designed material, it should be processed at low temperatures via physicochemical methods. This paper is devoted to the preparation and optimization of the composite production method suitable for biodegradable polymers and morphogenetic proteins along with the assessment of biocompatibility and biological properties of obtained materials. The tape-casting method was successfully applied. Resorbable polymer (medical poly-L-lactide, Purasorb PL38 by Purac) with 15 wt% of human bone powder (from tissue bank) were used to fabricate PLA-CP/BMPs composite implants. They were tested in in vivo studies that were performed in rabbit bone tissues. The results show a high biocompatibility of the material and good osteointegration with bone tissue.
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